Immunosuppression - Causes & Consequences (PDF)

**[Immunosuppression - causes and consequences - 2.5]** 300 diseases Can be primary or secondary Primary - congenital/inherited - - - - - - - Secondary - acquired - - **[Antibiotic deficiencies ]** Agammaglobulinemia - - Hyper IgM syndromes - Others - **[...

**[Immunosuppression - causes and consequences - 2.5]** 300 diseases Can be primary or secondary Primary - congenital/inherited - - - - - - - Secondary - acquired - - **[Antibiotic deficiencies ]** Agammaglobulinemia - - Hyper IgM syndromes - Others - **[T cell deficiencies ]** SCID - - - - IL-2 - proliferation IL-4 - B cell class switching IL-7 - anti-apoptotic (affects T cell selection) IL-15 - NK cell development Di George syndrome - - - - - - **[Complement deficiency]** - - -  **[Neutropenia]** Normal = 2.5 - 7.5 x 109 / L Moderate neutropenia = 0.5-1 x109 / L Severe neutropenia = \ - - - -  **[Graft - versus - host disease ]** Oral complications - - - - - - Systemic complications - 1. 2. 3. 4. **[Immunosuppressive drugs ]** **[Cytotoxic drugs ]** Used for anti-neoplastic, RA, severe Crohn's disease Eg methotrexate Inhibits synthesis of nucleotide bases from folate Causes oral mucositis  **[Cyclosporin]** - - Oral side effects = gingival swelling (drug induced gingival overgrowth) **[Fingolimod ]** - - -  **[Corticosteroids]** Eg Prednisone Inhibits inflammation by targeting monocytes/macrophages +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Effect on** | **Physiological effects** | +===================================+===================================+ | Decreases | Decreased inflam caused by | | | cytokines | | - - - - - - - | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Decreased iNOS | Decrease NO | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Decrease: | Decrease in prostaglandins and | | | leukotrienes | | Phospholipase A2 | | | | | | COX2 | | | | | | Increased annexin-1 | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Decrease adhesion mols | Reduce migration of leukocytes | | | from vessels | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Increase endonucleases | Induction of apoptosis in | | | lymphocytes and eosinophils | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **[Rapamycin (sirolimus)]** - -