Lecture#6, Seerat o… (PBUH) Madni Life PDF

# Lecture#6, Seerat o…(PBUH) Madni Life ## LIFE OF HOLY PROPHET (S.A.W) IN MADINA ### Slide 3 of 48 **Main Events of Migration** - The Prophet (PBUH) allowed his followers to migrate to Yasrib. - When the Quraish got to know of it, they gathered at Dar-un-Nadwa and unanimously decided to assassi...

# Lecture#6, Seerat o…(PBUH) Madni Life ## LIFE OF HOLY PROPHET (S.A.W) IN MADINA ### Slide 3 of 48 **Main Events of Migration** - The Prophet (PBUH) allowed his followers to migrate to Yasrib. - When the Quraish got to know of it, they gathered at Dar-un-Nadwa and unanimously decided to assassinate the Prophet (PBUH). - Allah informed the prophet (PBUH) about this plot through a revelation and permitted him to leave. Holy Prophet (PBUH) said to Hazrat Ali (RA) to sleep in his bed to fool the Quraish and also to return the valuable people had kept with the Prophet. - The Holy Prophet (PBUH) started migration. - The Holy prophet (PBUH) took a handful of dust, recited Surah Al-Yaseen Verse(9) and threw it on them. Due to the effect of this dust, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) surpassed before them but non could see him. - Allah states in Surah Al-Yaseen Verse(9) > And We have set a bar before them and a bar behind them, and (thus) have covered them so that they see not. (9) - The Holy Prophet (PBUH) then left for Madina with Hazrat Abu Bakar Siddique (RA). - They decided to hide in a cave, named Saur, for some time. - They stayed for 3 days. When the Quraish came looking for the Holy Prophet (PBUH), they did not bother looking inside the cave as a pigeon had laid eggs at the threshold of the cave, a spider had formed a web and branches of a tree were covering the entrance, these were all miracles of Allah. ### Slide 5 of 48 - During this stay, Hazrat Abu Bakar Siddique (RA) was worried, so the Holy Prophet (PBUH) consoled him by saying: “have no fear for Allah is with us”. - Allah states in Surah Al-Taubah Verse (40): > If ye help him not, still Allah helped him when those who disbelieve drove him forth, the second of two; when they two were in the cave, when he said unto his comrade: Grieve not. Lo! Allah is with us. Then Allah caused His peace of reassurance to descend upon him and supported him with hosts ye cannot see, and made the word of those who disbelieved the nethermost, while Allah's Word it was that became the uppermost. Allah is Mighty, Wise. (40) - Upon discovery of his escape, the leaders of Quraish put up a reward of one hundred camel on him, dead or alive. - After three days when the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and Hazrat Abu Bakar (RA) were sure that the Quraish were no longer following them, they continued their journey. - Despite all their best scouts and search parties, Allah protected the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and he arrived safely in Quba, a suburb of Madina. - They again stopped at Quba for 14 days where Hazrat Ali (RA) joined them, and the 1st mosque of Islam was built. ### Slide 9 of 48 - This event is known as the 'Hijra' (migration) and the Islamic calendar begins with this event. - After the Arrival of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) name of Yathrib was changed in Madina. - When the people of Madina (Aws and Khazraj) heard of their arrival, they were anxiously waiting. Upon their arrival, they publicly welcomed them wholeheartedly and young girls even sang songs for the Holy Prophet (PBUH). - Everybody wanted the Holy Prophet (PBUH) to stay with them but the Holy Prophet (PBUH) said that his camel (Al-Qaswa) was under divine instructions so he would stay where the camel stopped. - The camel stopped at an open ground which belonged to two orphans (Sahl and Suhail), and the Holy Prophet (PBUH) decided to build a mosque on that place after paying the orphans its price. ### Slide 11 of 48 **IMPORTANT EVENTS OF LIFE HOLY PROPHET IN MADINA** **I HIJRIH** **Brotherhood** - The makkans had left their families and belongings in Makka and now they needed financial support. - Holy Prophet (PBUH) arranged the brotherhood between the immigrants of Makkah and Madina which is called Mowakhat. - Therefore, each emigrant was paired with an Ansar –the people of Medina and they were declared as brothers. - The Ansars shared all their wealth and property with the emigrants and they were even allowed to inherit from them. **CONTINUE....** - The Ansar offered endless support to the emigrants and tried their best to facilitate them. - The emigrants, on the other hand, did not become a burden on the Ansar and soon started living independently. - Surah al-Anfal Ayat No: 74 > Those who believed and left their homes and strove with their wealth and their lives for the cause of Allah, and those who gave them shelter and helped them are friends to one another. ### Slide 11 of 48 **AZAAN** - The revelation came for the call of Azan. - It is narrated that Hazrat Zaid (RA) and Hazrat Umar (RA) both dreamt the same wording which they narrated to the Holy Prophet (PBUH). - Holy Prophet (PBUH) pleased and approved the wordings for calling out people for congregational prayer. - Hazrat Bilal (RA) was appointed as the first 'Moazzin' to summon the worshippers for the congregational obligatory prayers. **COVENANT OF MADINA** - In his attempt to achieve good relations with all the inhabitants of Madina, the holy Prophet (PBUH) devised the Covenant of Madina. - He drew a covenant with the people of the town, whether Muslims or non-Muslims (including Jews) which clearly defined the duties and privileges of all the people. It said: 1. All people of Madina would defend the city collectively. 2. There would be complete religious freedom for all. 3. If a conflict arises within the Madinites, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) will be consulted for decision. ### Slide 15 of 48 **2 HIJRIH** - Eid Salaah was performed for the first time. - Zakat, the fourth pillar of Islam was made obligatory. - The command of Fasting in Ramadan. - Sadqa-tul-Fitr, the Salaah of Eid-ul-Adha and Qurbani were all make wajib in this year. - In Zul-Hijjah Hazrat Fatima (RA) was married to Hazrat Ali (RA) - Holy Prophet’s daughter Hazrat Ruqayya (RA) passed away. ### Slide 15 of 48 **CHANGING QIBLA** - When the Holy Prophet (PBUH) emigrated to Madina, the Qibla was toward Al-Aqsa Masjid. - This was a temporary situation. - The Holy Prophet (PBUH) wanted to pray towards the Kabah and Allah responded to his Prophet (PBUH). - In the month of Rajab (or Shaban) in 2 Hijrih the command was given to face the Ka’bah (Masjid-e-Haram, Makkah), instead of facing Baitul Maqsad during Prayer (Salaah). **CONTINUE....** - Allah state in Surah Al- Baqra verse 144: > We have been seeing you turning your face to the heavens. So, We will certainly assign to you a Qiblah that you would like. Now, turn your face in the direction of the Sacred Mosque (Al-Masjid-ul-Harām), and (O Muslims), wherever you are, turn your faces in its direction. Even those who have been given the Book know well that it is the truth from their Lord, and Allah is not unaware of what they do. - The Qibla was changed during the Zuhar prayer in a Masjid, which is knwn as 'Masjid-e-Qiblatain" (Masjid of the two direction) from Jerusalem to Kabah as a result of the divine revelation. ### Slide 18 of 48 **BATTLE OF BADAR** - The most significant battle of Badar fought in the same year on the 17th Ramadan, 2 Hijrih. - Muslims were 313 while Non-Muslims Quraish were 1000. However, the Muslims were highly motivated and had strong faith in their cause. - The Holy Quran has declared this war a criterion between right or wrong. - Abu Jahal was killed in this battle by Mu'aaz and Mu'awwiz two ansaari youngsters. - 70 of the disbelievers were killed and 70 were taken captive. Only 14 Sahabaah were martyred. 6 were from muhajireen and 8 from ansaar. ### Slide 18 of 48 **EXPULSION OF BANU QAINUQA** - Banu Qainuqa was one of the three prominent Jewish tribes of Madina. - Tensions arose between the Muslims and the Banu Qainuqa tribe due to several factors, including the violation of a peace treaty and provocative actions against the Muslim community. Some members of the tribe engaged in hostile behavior, including mocking and assaulting Muslim women. - They did not fulfill their promise during the battle of Badar, thus were expelled by the Holy Prophet (PBUH) from Madina. - The Holy Prophet (PBUH) laid siege to their fortress which continued for 15 days. - Afterwards, Banu Qainuqa were forced to leave Madina. ### Slide 20 of 48 **3 HIJRIH** - Zakat was given in this year. - Wine was made Haraam. - Holy Prophet (PBUH) married Hazrat Hafsah (RA) and Hazrat Zainab (RA). - Hazrat Hasan (RA) was born. ### Slide 20 of 48 **BATTLE OF UHAD** - Battle of Uhad was the second battle between Muslims and Quraish. The Quraysh wanted to get revenge because they had lost a previous battle called the Battle of Badar. - The battle of Uhud took place on 7th Shawaal 3 Hijrih. - The army of disbelievers was three thousand while Muslims were thousand. - Adbullah bin Ubayy and three hundred of his followers deserted the muslims and returned to Madina. - The muslim army was left with only seven hundred soldiers. - At first, the Muslims had a good position on a mountain called Uhud, which gave them an advantage. - The battle started well for the Muslims. They fought back and pushed the Quraysh fighters away. But some Muslim archers left their positions to collect things from the enemy, which was against the plan. **CONTINUE....** - Taking advantage of this mistake, the Quraysh cavalry, led by a skilled commander named Khalid ibn al-Walid, attacked the Muslim side from behind. This caused confusion and made it harder for the Muslims to defend themselves. - Even though the Muslims showed bravery and fought hard, they couldn’t keep their strong position. None of the armies could win the battle of Uhad. - The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) got injured, and twenty two or twenty three disbelievers were killed and seventy Muslims martyred in this battle. - However, Muslims had to suffer a great loss because of disobedience of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) instruction. - The Battle of Uhud was a tough fight for the Muslims, the Muslims learned important lessons about discipline and following plans in future battles. ### Slide 23 of 48 **4 HIJRIH** - The birth of Hazrat Hussain (RA). - Holy Prophet (PBUH) married Hazrat Umme Salmah. - Holy Prophet (PBHU) instructed Hazrat Zaid bin Sabitt to learn the Jewish language (Hebrew). - Stoning to death was ordered (for married adulterators) ### Slide 23 of 48 **EXILE OF BANU NADEER** - Banu Nadeer motivated non-believers to destroy Muslims at Madina once and for all. - The refuse to pay their share of blood money for two men, killed. - They also tried to kill the Holy Prophet (PBUH) by throwing a big stone upon him. - Hazrat Jibrail (AS) came to inform the Holy Prophet (PBUH) of their evil intentions and the Holy Prophet (PBUH) got up from his place before they could harm him and returned to Madina immediately without saying a single word. - The Holy Prophet (PBUH) sent them a message to leave their settlements within 10 days. - They defied the Holy Prophets (PBUH) order, relying on promise of help by hypocrites and non-believers of Makkah. **CONTINUE...** - The first four verses of Surah al Hashar contain a description of Ghazwa e Nadheer. - The Muslims laid siege to the fortress of Banu Nadeer. - Allah threw terror into their hearts and the siege did not last long. - They compiled with the Holy Prophet’s (PBUH) order to leave Madina. - Therefore, they were exiled. ### Slide 26 of 48 **5 HIJRIH** **Battle of Trenches** - Battle of Khandaq (trench) or Battle of Ahzaab (groups) took place in Zil-Qa’dah 5 A.H.All the groups (Quraish of Makkah, the Jews and Munafiqeen (Hypocrites)) gathered their forces and decided to attack Madina. - An army of ten thousand fierce warriors, which later doubled, marched towards Madina to destroy the Muslims. - Hazrat Salman Farsi (RA) suggested to make trenches around the city of Madina. Then Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) together with three thousand companions prepared to dig these trenches which was 5 meters wide and 5 meters deep and about 8 kilometers long. 3,000 sacred hands completed the trench in 20 days, In winter nights, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and his companions worked sometime without food for days. - Holy Prophet (PBUH) missed his four prayers (Salaah) on one day when disbelievers began throwing stones and shooting arrows at the muslims. - Allah sent a hurricane against the disbelievers that it uprooted their tents from the ground and overturned their pots that were over the blazing fire. - The Muslims faced harsh weather conditions and limited resources, but their unity and determination helped them withstand the siege. - The Jewish tribe of Banu Qurayza, who had previously made an agreement to support the Muslims, broke their pact and sided with the Quraysh. However, their betrayal did not lead to a significant shift in the outcome of the battle. **CONTINUE....** - Ultimately, the Quraysh, frustrated by their inability to breach the trench and weakened by internal divisions, decided to lift the siege and return to Mecca. The Battle of Khandaq was considered a strategic victory for the Muslims, as they successfully defended Medina and repelled the Quraysh’s attack. - The Battle of Khandaq is notable for its demonstration of strategic planning and defensive tactics employed by the Muslims. - The Holy Quran mentions this incident as, O believers! Remember the favor of Allah upon you when armies came to (attack) you and We sent upon them a wind and armies (of angels) you did not see. And ever is Allah, of what you do, Seeing. (Surah Al-Ahzab, verse 9) - It also showcased the unity and resilience of the Muslim community under challenging circumstances. The battle played a crucial role in the consolidation of Islamic power in the Arabian Peninsula and further established the influence of the Prophet Muhammad and the Muslim community. - order of Hijab for the ladies was received. ### Slide 30 of 48 **PUNISHMENT OF BANU QURAIZA** - Banu Quraizah joined the disbelievers in the battle of trench and broke their agreement with Holy Prophet (PBUH), So after the battle Muslims attacked them. - They locked themselves in their fort for twenty-five days. - Thus, according to the decision of Hazrat Mu’az (RA) nearly 700 men of Banu Quraiza were put to death while their women and children were sold to the slave merchants. The lands and the household articles were distributed among the Muslims soldiers. ### Slide 30 of 48 **6 HIJRIH** **Treaty of Hudaibiya** - In the beginning of Zil-Qa’dah 6 A.H. Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) tied ihram for Umrah and set out towards Makkah with a large group of 1400 companions. - Holy Prophet (PBUH) camped at Hudaibiyah (name of a well about 25.5km from Makkah) because disbelievers of Makkah did not allow muslims to perform Umrah. - Holy Prophet (PBUH) sent Hazrat Uthmaan (RA) to Makka to negotiate with disbelievers but rumor spread that disbelievers killed Hazrat Uthmaan (RA) then Holy Prophet (PBUH) took a pledge (Bayt) for Jihad under an acacia tree, which is called Pledge of Ridhwan (Bay’at-ru-Ridhwaan). **CONTINUE.....** - Later, they learnt that this was only a rumor. - The muslims and disbelievers agreed to sign a treaty. Allah revealed Surah Fatah, wherein this treaty was termed as an open victory. - Treaty of Hudaibiyah was a turning point in the relationship between Muslims and Quraish of Makkah, which equated them at the same standard of respect and power. - Quraish envoy was highly impressed by the extreme love and obedience toward the Holy Prophet (PBUH) by his companions. - Treaty of Hudaibiyah is called, in the Holy Quran, ‘A Manifest Victory’. - Great Muslim General Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed and A’mr bin A’as accepted Islam after the Treaty of Hudaibiyah. ### Slide 33 of 48 **7 HIJRIH:** **Message to King and Emperors** - Holy Prophet (PBUH) sent letters to the kings of the world to preach and describe the message of Islam. 1. A'mr bin Umayya(RA) was sent to the Negus, the king of Abyssinia (Najashi). 2. Dihya kalbi (RA) was sent to the emperor Rome (Heraclius). 3. Haatib bin Abi Balta’a(RA) was sent to the king of Egypt (Maquqa). 4. Abdullah bin Hudhayfah (RA) was sent to the leader of Persia Khusro Parwez (Chosroes). 5. A'mr bin A'as Sahmi(RA) was sent to the leader of Oman and Hazrat Ala bin Hadrami (RA) was sent to ruler of Bahrain. 6. Hazrat Salit bin Umar (RA) was sent to chief of Yemen. 7. Hazrat Shuja bin Wahab was sent to the governor of Syria (Harith Ghassani). ### Slide 33 of 48 **THE EXPEDITION OF KHAYBER** - Khyber was the strongest and most protected settlement of the Jews of Arabia, where an estimated 20,000 warriors resided. - When Banu Nadheer was banished from Madina because they has broken their treaty with muslims, they settled in Khyber but still encouraging neighboring tribes to fight against muslims. So in Muharram or Jumadul-Ula Holy Prophet (PBUH) with his six hundred companions left for Khyber. - The most famous and larger among the six fortress of Jews was ‘Qamus’. - Marhab the strongest Jews warrior was killed at the hands of Hazrat Ali (RA). - Hazrat Ali (RA) by the blessing of the prayer of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) conquered the invincible fort of Qamus. - Allah grant the muslims victory and they gained control over all the forts of the Jews. - Hazrat Ali (RA) played a great role in this Jihad. ### Slide 36 of 48 **OTHER EVENTS** - Holy Prophet (PBUH) performed Umrah, which was missed the previous year when the treaty of Hudaibiyah was signed. - Holy Prophet (PBUH) married Hazrat Maimoonah(RA). ### Slide 36 of 48 **8 HIJRIH** **Battle of Mu’ta** - Holy Prophet (PBUH) sent Hazrat Harith bin U’mair to Shurahbeel, the governor of Busrah with the invitation of Islam. - Shurahbeel reacted with aggression and killed Hazrat Harith bin U’mair. So, in 8 A.H Holy Prophet (PBUH) sent an army of three thousand to confront Shurahbeel. Shurahbeel prepared an army of nearly one hundred and fifty thousand soldiers. - This battle took place at Muata, a place in Shaam (Syria) 51.5km from Baitul Maqdis and close to the city of Balqaan. - The Holy Prophet (PBUH) prepared an expedition of 3,000 Muslims under Zaid bin Haritha(RA). **CONTINUE...** - While nominating Hazrat Zaid(RA) to command the army the Holy Prophet (PBUH) said, “If Zaid is killed Ja’far bin Abu Talib will be your commander, and if he is also martyred the Abdulla bin Rawahah will take the command. If he too dies then you can select a commander from among yourselves." (Bukhari) - When the Muslims reached Syria, they were surprised to find an army of 200,000 soldiers assembled against them. - Three leaders of muslims (Hazrat Zaid bin Haritha, Hazrat Ja’far, and Hazrat Abdullah bin Rawaha) martyred then muslims gained victory under commandment of Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed. - He fought hard and in the process broke nine swords. This earned him the title ‘Saif-ullah’ meaning “The Sword of Allah”. ### Slide 39 of 48 **Conquest of Makkah** - Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) began preparing for Jihad, on 3rd Ramadhan 8 A.H after A’sr Holy Prophet (PBUH) with an army of ten thousand left Madinah towards Makkah. - Allah gave command over Makkah without fight On Friday, 20th Ramadhan. - Makkah was conquered by means of peace and goodwill, not by the sword. - In the conquest of Makkah, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) conquered the heart and soul of people, not their material being alone. - Holy Prophet (PBUH) entered the Ka’bah and broke all the idols placed inside Ka’bah and reciting the verse of Holy Quran (Sura Al Israa verse 81)" Say the truth has come and falsehood has vanished" **CONTINUE.....** - Holy Prophet (PBUH), who was a mercy unto mankind addressed to disbelievers of Makkah as "Today you all are free. There is no blame on you". - Holy Prophet (PBUH) remained in Makkah for fifteen days. - Thereafter, returned to Madinah and appointed Hazrat l’tab bin Usayd (RA) as the governor of Makkah. ### Slide 39 of 48 **BATTLE OF HUNAIN** - After the conquest of Makkah, the Arabs began entering into Islam in large numbers but two Arab tribes of Taif (Hawaazin and Thaqeef) could not tolerate the rise of Islam and prepared to wage war against the Muslims and set out towards Makkah. - Holy Prophet (PBUH) gathered twelve thousand companions to fight them. - On the 6th Shawaal this army left Makkah and when they reached the valley of Hunain the enemy attacked the muslims from all directions. - In initial stage muslims faced defeat but later on muslims gained victory. - Only four muslims martyred whereas more than seventy disbelievers were killed. Muslims took possession of all their belongings among which twenty four thousand camels, more than forty thousand goats and four thousand awqiya(unit of measurement. I awqiya = 33.8 grams) 490 kg. **CONTINUE...** - After the Banu Hawaazin and Thaqeef were defeated in Hunain they took protection in the fort of Taaif. - Holy Prophet (PBUH) followed them and approximately eighteen days they laid siege to the fort. - Then Prophet left and camped at Ji’rranah and handed over persons who were captured at Hunain on the request of people of Taaif. - After returning to Madinah, a delegation from Taaif came to Madinah and accepted Islam. - Thereafter, Prophet performed Umrah from Ji’rranah and returned to Madina on the 6th Zul-Qa’dah 8 A.Н. ### Slide 42 of 48 **9 HIJRIH** **Tabuk Expedition** - After returning from Taaif, Holy Prophet (PBUH) remained in Madinah until the middle of 9 A.H. - Holy Prophet (PBUH) began preparation for Jihad as he was informed that Hiraql (Hercules) was preparing an army at Tabuk to attack the muslims after their defeat in Muta. - In Rajab, Holy Prophet (PBUH) left Madinah for Tabuk with twenty thousand companions. - Tabuk expedition was towards the Syrian border. - Hiraql fled from Tabuk and no battle was fought. Muslim returned after staying in Tabuk for fifteen to twenty days. **CONTINUE....** - Muslim army in this expedition was 30,000. - During this expedition, many Christians tribes entered in alliance with Muslims. - This was the last battle that Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) fought. - Holy Prophet (PBUH) returned to Madina in Ramadan 9 A.Н. - After returning from Tabuk, Holy Prophet (PBUH) appointed Sayyidina Abu Bakr (RA) as the leader of Hajj and sent him to Makkah. - The hajj was made obligatory. ### Slide 45 of 48 **10 HIJRIH** **Farewell Pilgrimage** - Holy Prophet (PBUH) left for Hajj on the 25th Zul-Qa’dah 10 A.H. and more than one hundred thousand companions joined him. - Holy Prophet (PBUH) tied ihram from Zul-Hulaifah, six miles from Madinah. - They, reached Makkah on Saturday, 4th Zil-Hijjah. - On the 9th Zul-Hijjah after reaching Arafaat, Prophet delivered a very inspiring Khutbah (Speech) which was full of advice and wisdom. After performing Hajj, Prophet remained in Makkah for few days and thereafter returned to Madinah. **SALIENT FEATURES OF THE LAST SERMON** - Worship of Allah alone. - Respect of life and honor of people. - Universal Muslim brotherhood. - Dignity of women. - Equal and respectful treatment of slaves. - Obligation of five pillars of Islam. - Quran and Sunnah are declared as the source of divine guidance. - Completion and perfection of Islam. - Condemnation of Usury (Interest) - Prohibition of bloodshed ### Slide 45 of 48 **11 HIJRIH** - After returning from Makkah, Prophet prepared an army on the 26th Safar 11 A.H. to fight the Romans. Amongst the soldiers were many leading companions like Hazrat Abu Bakr, Hazrat Umar, Hazrat Abu U’baidah bin Jarrah and Prophet appointed Hazrat Usama as the ameer (leader) of this army. - This was the last army that Holy Prophet (PBUH) arranged himself. This army had not yet left Madinah when Holy Prophet (PBUH) fell ill. - Prophet Muhammad PBUH thereafter passed away and Hazrat Abu Bakar Siddique (RA) dispatched this army. ### Slide 48 **HOLY PROPHET’S LAST SICKNESS AND DEMISE** - On 28th Safar 11 A.H. Holy Prophet (PBUH) visited Jannatul Baqee where he made dua for the inmates of the graves. After returning home, he experienced a headache and from then onwards had a fever, which lasted for thirteen days. - In this condition Holy Prophet (PBUH) left this world. - On Monday the 12th Rabi-ul-Awwal, after the Zuhr Salaah, Holy Prophet (PBUH) left this worldly abode and went to meet his creator, Allah. - Holy Prophet (PBUH) was sixty-three years old at the time of his demise. **Allah Stated in Surah Al-Anbia verse 107:** > We have sent you ‘O Prophet’ only as a mercy for the whole world. **The Holy Prophet (PBUH) said:** > “Indeed, Almighty Allah has prohibited the earth to eat the bodies of Prophets.” (Sunan Ibn Majah, Book 5. Hadith 1636)