Family Living: Responsible Parenthood PDF

CHAPTER 1: FAMILY RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD LIVING RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD, as defined in the Directional Plan of FAMILY is defined as a specific group POPCOM, is the will and ability o...

CHAPTER 1: FAMILY RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD LIVING RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD, as defined in the Directional Plan of FAMILY is defined as a specific group POPCOM, is the will and ability of of people that may be made up of parents to respond to the needs and partners, children, parents, aunts, aspirations of the family and children. uncles, cousins and grandparents. The definition of family is the group of Responsible Parenthood doesn’t people who share common ancestors. limit only on fulfilling the demand of children and rearing them up properly FAMILY LIVING services are intended but goes beyond that. for individuals who are assessed to need 1. Marriage should be done at the right residential habilitation to ensure health age and marriage helps to start a and safety while providing the new life and new family in a right opportunity to live in a typical family time. setting. 2. The size of family should be decided by both parents together. FAMILY LIVING services are intended 3. Being responsible parents also to increase and promote independence refers to becoming parents at the and to provide the skills necessary to right age where both of them are prepare individuals to live on their own physically and mentally mature to in a non-residential setting, and is start a family. designed to address assessed needs and 4. Proper spacing between the birth of identified individual outcomes. children is also necessary for health of a mother and child. This also FAMILY LIVING Services promote assure that every child receives the inclusion in the community and attention and care they serve. individuals are provided the opportunity to be involved in the community and 10 principles of the actively participate using the same resources and doing the same activities responsible parenting: as other community members. Living Supports assist individuals to access 1. WHAT YOU DO MATTERS generic and natural supports, and with  This is one of the most important opportunities to establish or maintain principles meaningful relationships throughout the  Children learn from the parents community.  They see, observe, imitate and adapt the behavior of the parents FAMILY LIVING Support services assist and encourage individuals to grow  One needs to act the same way and develop, to gain autonomy, become that they want their children to self-governing and pursue their own be interests and goals. FAMILY communication is usually 2. YOU CANNOT BE TOO interface interpersonal communication. LOVING The family is the smallest segment of  Everybody loves their child the society and the family members  But the love of parents should discuss various topics of interest sharing never spoil them freely their thoughts - happiness, frustration, fear, pain and joy etc.  In fact, it’s the things like 7. BE CONSISTENT leniency, material possession that  Consistency is the key to spoils them disciplines.  Parents need to be careful on  Rules for children shouldn’t that matters change from day to day. This makes the children confuse. 3. BE INVOLVED IN YOUR  Before that, the parents need to CHILD’S LIFE make sure that the rules made  It is necessary for parents to be are logical and based on valid involved in child’s life in both reason and are not just physical way and mental way imposition of power.  Parents needs to talk to them and also listen them carefully 8. AVOID HARSH DISCIPLINE  Patents should manage to  Parents should never adopt the provide at least 15 minutes of harsh way. undivided attention towards  They should never hit a child, children every day. under any circumstances.  This has negative impacts on 4. ADAPT YOUR PARENTING TO child. FIT YOUR CHILD  Punishment should be mild and  Parents needs to keep the track used carefully. and pace with the child’s development 9. EXPLAIN YOUR RULES AND  Parents need to understand the DECISIONS children milestone as per the age  Good parents have clear expectations 5. ESTABLISH AND SET RULES  They communicate this to their  Parent need to maintain and children in clear way and explain regulate the child’s behavior. them as per their age.  Strict actions and punishment  may also be required. 10. TREAT YOUR CHILD  Parents can set up the rules and WITH RESPECT make children follow them.  Children should be treated with  Rules can simply vary from table equal respect. rules to curfew rules.  Their views, opinions should be listened and valued. 6. FOSTER YOUR CHILD’S  Speak politely. INDEPENDENCE  Treat him kindly.  A responsible parent needs to  This is the best way to teach teach their children self-control them how to treat and respect and encourage independence. others.  Parents should teach them to make responsible decisions and shouldn’t frequently intervene in CHAPTER 2: FOOD their choices. FOOD is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for an organism. Food is usually of plant or animal origin, and contains dietary requirements while planning a essential nutrients, such menu. Perhaps your guests have special as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamin diet they follow such as low fat, vegan s, or minerals. and kosher. Before any event, it is important for an event planner to find MEAL PREPARATION out guests’ special dietary needs so that the catering manager can address those A MEAL PLAN is any strategy used to needs prior to the event. map out what you're going to eat. This  SEASONAL AND LOCAL term may refer to following a specific FRESH ITEMS: diet, or it may just indicate the process of thinking through what you plan to eat While drafting the menu, beforehand. consider seasons too as it plays vital role in the selection of food and beverages. Including local and seasonal Factors to Consider to Meal products in the menu can really reflect Preparation for Special the time and place of your event. Occasion Another important factor is to consider the region or location of the event and PLANING an event means planning for popular food items from the local area. various things simultaneously.  MENU THAT FITS EVENT Preparation of menu is one of its parts. SCHEDULE: Choosing the right caterer in this regard is one step to success of the event. For Time is the most important and the successful organization of the event, greatest guide to determine the menu planner has to draft best menu. for an event. Special occasions like Christmas, birthdays, anniversaries, etc.  KNOW YOUR GUEST AND require special menus. If the event is PREFERENCES: starting with breakfast or lunches, then If you want a successful event, menu should offer items that can hold then event planner should consider type up for longer periods of time without of guests (attendees) at first. Business ruining the integrity of the food. Box professional attends number of events lunches are best if you have time limit throughout the year. Consider the professional level of guests, residence of your guests and ethnic background of BREAD & PASTRY your guests. BREAD baked food product made For any event planner it is necessary to of flour or meal that is moistened, understand the likes and dislikes of your kneaded, and sometimes fermented. A guests. major food since prehistoric times, it has  OFFER VARIETY: been made in various forms using a As a host, it is your responsibility variety of ingredients and methods to entertain your guest and make the throughout the world. The first bread program best so that they always was made in Neolithic times, nearly remember the program and you as well. 12,000 years ago, probably of coarsely The menu should address each and crushed grain mixed with water, with every guest. the resulting dough probably laid on heated stones and baked by covering  ANTICIPATE SPECIAL NEEDS: with hot ashes. The Egyptians With many health related and apparently discovered that religion issues and preferences, event allowing wheat dough. planner should anticipate the special  handy. With a thermometer, you will quickly gauge how much time your PASTRY is a dough of flour, water and creation needs before it is ready to cut shortening that may be savoury or up and serve. sweetened. Sweetened pastries are OFFSET SPATULA often described as bakers' confectionery. The word "pastries" An offset spatula is a long, suggests many kinds of baked products flat metal spatula that rises up just before it enters the handle. It's used for made from ingredients such as flour, spreading frostings on cakes and sugar, milk, butter, shortening, baking spreading thick batter in pans powder, and eggs. 6. MEASURING CUPS (LIQUID and DRY) and SPOONS ESSENTAIL TOOLS AND Baking is all about precision, so EQUIPMENT IN BREAD having a full set of measuring cups and AND PASTRY spoons on hand is a must. Don’t think you can get by with just one type of 1. MIXING BOWL measuring cup—you’ll need both dry This is one of the most basic and wet measuring cups to accurately necessities that anybody should have if measure all your ingredients for pretty they want to make bread. To mix your much any baking recipe. Keep these dough together, you need a special tools in an easy-to-reach spot, because bowl or tub for doing this. you’ll use them all the time. Most measuring spoon sets have 2. MEASURING SCALE a tablespoon, teaspoon, ½ teaspoon, Quality cuisine requires the right and ¼ teaspoon, while most measuring amount of ingredients. Bread and cups come in sets with one cup, ½ cup, pastries are especially this way. 1/3 cup, and ¼ cup. For liquid measuring cups, you can get by with a 3. BENCH KNIFE 1-cup size, but it can be handy to have A bench knife is a dull knife 2-cup and 4-cup ones in your cupboard, which is shaped like a rectangle. They too. are used for a wide array of tasks in making bread and pastries. This 7. PASTRY BRUSH includes spreading butter, portioning out This handy tool has more uses the mixture, leveling it out, and so on. than you realized. It can be used to grease a pan before pouring in cake 4. BOWL SCRAPER batter, to coat dough with melted butter Anybody who has tried to scoop or egg wash, or to “paint” milk on top of out the thick and creamy mixture from a a piecrust. Especially if you’re a frequent bowl knows how difficult this can be. baker, this is a must-have! Although you don’t necessarily need this item, having a bowl scraper around is 8. WHISK nice to cut back on your preparation Sure, you can use a wire whisk to time. beat together a few eggs, but it’s handy for other things too. In particular, it’s 5. THERMOMETER one of the best ways to thoroughly mix Few things are worse than pulling together dry ingredients and is also out bread, cake, cookies, or pastries great for stirring together a homemade from the oven only to realize that custard. the core is still raw. As a result, this is where having a thermometer comes in 9. ROLLING PIN instead of one long cut—dragging a Rolling pins are definitely the knife through pastry can tear and most useful for rolling out piecrusts, toughen it. cookie dough, and puff pastry, but there 15. FOOD PROCESSOR are other ways you can put this tool to While having this kitchen work in your kitchen. appliance can certainly speed some recipes along, you can also usually get 10. WIRE RACK by without one. You can crush cookies No one wants soggy, overbaked and crackers for crusts with a rolling cookies and cakes for dessert, so make pin, and you can mix up piecrusts in a sure you’ve got a wire rack on hand in good old-fashioned bowl with a pastry your kitchen. This handy tool allows air cutter (or two knives). to circulate around baked goods as they cool, so they’ll taste just as great at 16. BLENDER room temperature as they did fresh out A blender will definitely make of the oven. some recipes quicker, but it doesn’t have a ton of uses for bakers beyond 11. HAND MIXER/STAND MIXER pureeing fruit sauces. Of course, if you While you don’t need to go all- love a morning smoothie on your way out on a fancy stand mixer, you do need out the door, you’ll want a blender on at least a hand mixer in your arsenal of hand in your kitchen. baking tools. It makes mixing up doughs and batters much easier and quicker, 17. BAKING PAN and it’s by far the best way to mix A flat pan with straight sides that ingredients into a thick, stiff cookie are ¾” or taller, which is used dough without tiring out your arm. for baking food in the oven. Baking pans are used to hold runny batters, 12. PARCHMENT PAPER such as cake batter and thick solid If you haven’t been baking with masses of food, such as savory hot dish parchment paper, start now! Spreading recipes. a sheet over your pan before you start baking cookies will make clean-up much easier and prevent your baked goods COMMON BAKING from sticking to the pan. TECHNIQUES 13. PASTRY BLENDER If you’re big on baking pies and SIEVE - Most recipes will instruct you to biscuits, this is a handy tool to have—it’ll sieve dry ingredients. The main reason make cutting cold butter or shortening is to add more of that all important air into flour much easier. But if you don’t to the batter. Sieved flour will yield a have one in your kitchen, you can use greater volume (not mass) than non - two butter knives instead. Just move the sieved flour. knives in a crisscross motion to cut the To sieve like an all star baker, butter into the flour. step one is to make sure that the sieve is completely dry. Hold the sieve a good 14. PASTRY WHEEL distance from the bowl and tap gently This tool is handy to have for with your free hand so that the dry frequent pie-makers but not necessary ingredients fall a little distance to the for more casual bakers. It can definitely bowl, thereby incorporating air. be used to cut pastry dough smoothly, but in a pinch, you can use a sharp knife instead. Just be sure to make level slices FOLD - Folding is a delicate technique BC).Handmade chain stitch embroidery used to mix ingredients (like flour or does not require that the needle pass stiffly whipped egg whites) thoroughly through more than one layer of fabric. into a batter without deflating it. Folding is done by hand using a STRAIGHT STITCH- is a class of thin rubber spatula or a metal spoon. simple embroidery and sewing stitches Add ingredients to a batter in thirds as in which individual stitches are made this helps keep the mixture light. without crossing or looping the thread. These stitches are used to form broken or unbroken lines or starbursts, fill CHAPTER 3: CLOTHING shapes and create geometric designs SEWING is the craft of fastening or ZIGZAG STITCH - is variant geometry attaching objects using stitches made of the lockstitch. It is a back-and-forth with a needle and thread. Sewing is one stitch used where a straight stitch will of the oldest of the textile arts, arising not suffice, such as in reinforcing in the Paleolithic era. Before the buttonholes, in stitching stretchable invention of spinning yarn fabrics, and in temporarily joining two or weaving fabric, archaeologists believe work pieces edge-to-edge. Stone Age people across Europe and Asia sewed fur and skin clothing using bone, RUNNING STITCH - is the antler or ivory needles and "thread" basic stitch in hand-sewing made of various animal body parts and embroidery, on which all other including sinew, catgut, and veins. forms of sewing are based. The stitch is worked by passing the needle in and out For thousands of years, all of the fabric at a regular distance. The sewing was done by hand. The needle is always pushed through both invention of the sewing machine in the layers of cloth starting on the side it is 19th century and the rise on and ending on the other side. A of computerization in the 20th century running stitch runs through the fabric. led to mass production and export of Running stitches are most often not sewn objects, but hand sewing is still visible as they are used to close seams. practiced around the world. Fine hand sewing is a characteristic of high- BACK STITCH - a class quality tailoring, haute couture fashion, of embroidery and sewing stitches in and custom dressmaking, and is which individual stitches are made pursued by both textile backward to the general direction artists and hobbyists as a means of of sewing. In embroidery, these stitches creative expression. form lines and are most often used to outline shapes and to add fine detail to an embroidered picture. It is also used to MACHINE STITCHES embroider lettering. In hand sewing, it is a utility stitch which strongly and permanently CHAIN STITCH – is attaches two pieces of fabric. a sewing and embroidery technique in which a series of looped stitches form SATIN STITCH - is a series of flat a chain-like pattern. Chain stitch is an stitches that are used to completely cover a ancient craft – examples of section of the background fabric. Narrow surviving Chinese chain stitch rows of satin stitch can be executed on a embroidery worked in silk thread have standard sewing machine using been dated to the Warring States a zigzag stitch or a special satin stitch foot. period (5th – 3rd century COMMON HAND STITCHES straight, horizontal line across both your front and back. If you have someone to CROSS-STITCH-in embroidery, needle help, you record the measurement at point, and other forms the front with your hand down at your of needlework include a number of sides. related stitches in which the thread is sewn in an x or + shape. Usually used 2. WAIST AND HIPS for decoration, but may also be used for seams To measure your waist, don't measure where your pants finish - this BLIND STITCH or ( HEMSTITCH) - in is not your natural waist! Your waist is sewing is a method of joining two pieces the smallest part of your torso and right of fabric so that the stitch thread is underneath your rib cage near your invisible, or nearly invisible. Blind belly button. Make sure the tape is even stitching hides stitching under folded across the front and back and parallel to edges; therefore, this type of stitch can the floor. be used to create a blind hem or to join two folded edges together. To measure the hips, keep this in mind: it is not where the top of your hip bone is, it is actually around the largest DARNING STITCH - is part of your hip area. a sewing technique for repairing holes or worn areas 3. FRONT WAIST LENGTH in fabric or knitting using needle and thre ad alone. It is often done by hand, but it is Start measuring from the side also possible to darn with a sewing base of your neck, at the top shoulder machine. for repairing holes or worn areas line, and going down towards your waist in fabric or knitting level passing over your bust point. Try to keep the tape as straight as possible. BLANKET STITCH - is a stitch used to To measure bust depth, use the same reinforce the edge of thick materials. starting point on the shoulder as your Used to finish an unhemmed blanket front waist length, measuring down to the apex of your bust point. BASTING STITCH (US) - is to make quick, temporary stitching intended to 4. BACK WAIST LENGTH be removed. For reinforcement or for temporarily holding fabric in place This one is definitely a two (same as Tack). person job, so call a friend and have them measure from the nape of the neck, down your spine and to your BODY MEASUREMENT waist. To measure the back width, measure horizontally between your arm 1.NECK AND BUST attachment points (underarm). To measure your neck, pull the tape 5. SHOULDER around the middle, coming from the back to the front. It should sit at the This is your shoulder seam base of the neck above the collar bone. length. Measure from the base of your neck right in the middle of your shoulder To measure your bust, bring the (from a bird's eye view) and along to tape around your back and around to the tip of your shoulder. If you have the front. Pull it around the apex (or trouble determining your shoulder tip, fullest) point of your bust. It should be find a garment in your closet that fits aligned parallel to the floor, making a well and has a collar and sleeve. Then measure the shoulder length of the the pattern. Drafting is used to create garment. To measure under the arm, basic, foundation or design patterns. wrap your measuring tape around the fullest part of your arm above your elbow. DRAPING: 6. ARM LENGTH It involves the draping of a two dimensional piece of fabric around a Have your arm just slightly bent, form, conforming to its shape, creating and measure from the tip of your a three-dimensional fabric pattern. This shoulder over the elbow to your wrist muslin is transferred to paper to be line. You will also need a friend for this used as a final pattern (Armstrong). measurement. Ease allowances for movement are added to make the garment comfortable to wear. Advantage of draping is that the designer can see the overall design PATTERN MAKING effect of the finished garment on the PATTERN MAKING - Is an art. It is body form before the garment piece is the art of manipulating and shaping a cut and sewn. However, it is more flat piece of fabric to conform to one or expensive and time consuming than flat more curves of the human figure. pattern making. Pattern making is a bridge function between design and production. A sketch can be turned into a garment via FLAT PATTERN MAKING: a pattern which interprets the design in It involves the development of a the form of the garment components. fitted basic pattern with comfort ease to fit a person or body form. A sloper is the A pattern is flat while the body is starting point for flat pattern designing. not. The body has height, width and It is a simple pattern that fits the body depth. Within this roughly cylindrical with just enough ease for movement framework there are a series of and comfort (Shoben and Ward). Five secondary curves and bulges, which are basic pattern pieces are used for of concern to the pattern maker. Darts women’s clothing. They include a snug- are the basis of all pattern making. They fitting bodice front and bodice back with convert the flat piece of cloth into a darts and a basic neckline, a sleeve and three dimensional form, which fits the a fitted skirt front and back with darts. bulges of the body. However, as fashion changes frequently women’s styles fluctuate frequently. These basic slopers are then METHODS OF PATTERN manipulated to create fashions. MAKING A basic sloper has no seam allowances, which facilitates its DRAFTING: manipulations to various styles. It has It involves measurements derived from no design interest, only construction sizing systems or accurate lines are marked on it. It is necessary measurements taken on a person, dress that the basic structure of a sloper or body form. Measurements for chest, should be such that adjustments can be waist, hip and so on, and ease introduced easily. For a good pattern allowances are marked on paper and making, accurate measurements are of construction lines are drawn to complete utmost importance.  decorative objects are made completely by hand or by using only simple tools. Almost every family in the PATTERN MAKING IN TODAY’S WORLD Philippines owns one or more handicraft Pattern making today has products like baskets, brooms, feather become an easy job with the use of the dusters, bamboo sofa set, cabinets, and computers. Now-a-days different other furniture. Accessories like software’s are available in the market to earrings, bracelets, necklaces, and other meet the needs of the manufacturers. clothing apparel which young people The different software’s used today are fond of wearing are also made are Gerber, Lectra, Tukatech , OptiTex from native products like beads, shells, etc. These software’s has made the job seeds, and others. This is a clear of the Pattern master easier. They have indication that our handicraft industry is made the process of pattern making enjoying the patronage of Filipinos more economical and less time nationwide. consuming. Today, many Filipinos are engaged in handicraft businesses. Pattern -making software’s enables Handicraft-making has become a means you to input your measurements and of livelihood for them, especially now draft out a pattern. These software’s that many handicraft owners are draft patterns to fit your measurements exporting their products to Japan, specifically, eliminating much fitting trial United states, Canada, Australia, Hong and error in the sewing room. Kong, Singapore, and other countries around the world. A pattern can be made from a 3D form in just a few steps by using these The Philippines is the second software’s. An individual's largest world producer of handicrafts, measurements are collected from 3D mainly baskets out of indigenous body scanner. The measurements are materials. This industry continues to used to create a virtual 3D model of the provide a respectable contribution to individual's body. The 3D to 2D software foreign exchange earning of the country allows the user to define a garment (US$71.9M in 2000) while many surface in relation to the 3D body handicraft items are also sold on the model. Once the garment surface is local market. All together, the sector is defined, the application automatically providing livelihood to more than 1 unwraps and outputs a 2D flat pattern million Filipinos. Although the industry in.dxf format has experienced some setbacks over the last ten years, it has kept the respect of the high-end markets in the United CHAPTER 4:HANDICRAFT States, European Union, and Japan and has only lost a great part of the low-end market to China, our main competitor. HANDICRAFT A particular skill of making decorative objects by hand. A Despite this, Filipino craftsmen handicraft, sometimes more precisely have indigenously overcome scarcity expressed as artisanal handicraft or and increasing prices of raw materials handmade, is any of a wide variety of by constantly producing new designs for types of work where useful and their products. Over the years, Philippine handicrafts have evolved through innovative changes in designs of support. While bamboo can grow reinforced by exciting choices and on its own, rattan cannot. combination of indigenous materials. BAMBOO – Stems of bamboo plants There is, however still ample room for are stronger and flexible. Bamboo improvement, particularly in remote grows in all parts of the country – in upland communities with little access to plains, forests, hills and mountains. market information, brokering services, capital, and technologies for value COCONUT SHELLS – Coconut trees addition. are abundant in the Philippines. Coconut shells vary in thickness and color depending on the age of the COMMON TOOLS IN nut. They are used for fuel and for HANDICRAFT manufacturing articles such as buttons, pins, coin banks, lamp shades, and flower vases.  Mallet  Screwdriver FIBERS – They come from plants  Pliers where fibers or threadlike substances  Coping saw are extracted. Fibers from coconut  Chisel husks, buri, maguey, pineapple,  Hand drill abaca, and banana are used in  Wrench making mattresses, carpet, and seat  Clamp pads.  Knife  Smoothing plane  Auger BASIC TECHNIQUES IN  Hacksaw HANDICRAFT  Cross-Cut-Saw  Paintbrush DYEING - Dyeing in textiles is a process in  Folding rule, zigzag rule, steel which color is transferred to a finished rule textile or textile material (like fibers and  Pencil yarns) to add permanent and long-lasting  Compass color.... When the textile and the dye come  Hammer into contact, the textile is completely  Blowtorch saturated by the dye and colored.  Soldering iron BLEACHING - help remove or COMMON MATERIALS IN camouflage the blemishes or HANDICRAFT discoloration, hence improves the surface appearance of the raw materials. It focuses on the methods for ABACA – known worldwide as removing fungal discoloration to Manila hemp. Abaca fiber is obtained enhance product quality and improve from the leaf sheaths of the abaca marketability. (Musa textiles Nee) and is considered as the strongest among the process of adding colour to textile natural fibers. products like fibers, yarns, and fabrics. RATTAN – is superficially similar to bamboo, but distinct in that the stems are solid, rather than hollow, and also in their need for some sort RETTING- is a process employing the PARTS OF PROJECT PLAN action of micro-organisms and moisture on plants to dissolve or rot away much 1. TITLE – Title of the project of the cellular tissues and pectin’s 2. OBJECTIVES - It is your surrounding bast- fibre bundles, and so objectives/purpose why you are facilitating separation of the fibre from creatin/constructing certain the stem. project 3. DESCRIPTION – It is a brief - entails soaking the materials in information about the project. water and through bacterial action the 4. BILL OF MATERIALS – It is a unusable parts decay and fibers are table where complete extracted then dried. specifications or description of materials are written. 5. TOOLS & EQUIPMENT – This PRE-CONSTRUCTION - techniques is a list of all tools and pertain to the preparation of materials equipment needed to after harvest and before use. accomplished the project. 6. PROCEDURE – It is a step by step process/procedure until the project is accomplished. DRYING - Exposing to the sun to 7. SKETCH – This is a sketch/ eliminate moisture. drawing of finished project. THREE MAJOR PROCESSES 1. PRE-CONSTRUCTION 2. CONSTRUCTION 3. FINISHING TECHNIQUES PROJECT PLANNING PROJECT PLAN - Is formal, approved document used to guide both project execution and project control. The primary use of the project plan are to document planning assumptions and decisions, facilitate communication among project stakeholders, and document approved scope, cost, and schedule baselines. A project plan may be summarized or detailed.