Ideologies 50-63 PDF

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FieryCliché

Uploaded by FieryCliché

Mount Allison University

2024

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conservatism toryism political ideologies political science

Summary

This document details conservative and toryist ideologies. It discusses the ideals of these political philosophies that differ from liberalism. The author also highlights the importance of preserving tradition.

Full Transcript

Ideologies 50-63 Monday, November 4, 2024 12:19 PM Conservatism - The counterpart of liberalism - Conservatives can be liberals and vice versa (Boris Yeltsin) - Conservative values can change - Disposition (to preserve what exists, resisting change) - Depends on what exists...

Ideologies 50-63 Monday, November 4, 2024 12:19 PM Conservatism - The counterpart of liberalism - Conservatives can be liberals and vice versa (Boris Yeltsin) - Conservative values can change - Disposition (to preserve what exists, resisting change) - Depends on what exists - Could seek to preserve older ideas in liberalism - Conservatives have also grown a lot - Initial conservatives were the British, fighting against the American revolution) - Toryism - Toryism shares very little with modern conservatives - Conservatism is the ideology of the community - Toryism is the ideology of an ideal hierarchy - Tories see it this as natural - Conservatives see humans are always found in a social whole - The whole is greater than the sum of its parts - Focuses on everybody rather than one - Tories value what continues a traditional community - Conservatives view things like monarchy, and religion as inseparable to society, and they - To them the primary task of the state is to preserve the integrity of the community - Instead of seeing the individual equal by nature, toryism does the opposite. - Says we are unequal by nature - The hierarchy reflects the individuals capabilities - Conservatives side with nature rather than nurture - It is essential that each individual preforms their duties that are obliged to them - This is because each individual is apart of whole society Strong authority - Ambivalence to the tory stance regarding power - One hand, strong authority is necessary, sustains organic structure - Other hand, in as much as the community is sustained through custom, convention, and t of government should be small - Tories favour a strong yet inactive state - Tory conservativism is comfortable with the absolute state of its authority, if exercised to - Fond of traditional institutions like hereditary monarchy, legislative assemblies, so long a - Not fans of absolute monarchy must continue tradition, the active role o the right people as they are aristocratic - Ambivalence to the tory stance regarding power - One hand, strong authority is necessary, sustains organic structure - Other hand, in as much as the community is sustained through custom, convention, and tradition, the active role of government should be small - Tories favour a strong yet inactive state - Tory conservativism is comfortable with the absolute state of its authority, if exercised to the right people - Fond of traditional institutions like hereditary monarchy, legislative assemblies, so long as they are aristocratic - Not fans of absolute monarchy - Proper balance between monarchy and aristocracy - Toryism was articulated largely with the liberal "attach on aristocracy and absolute monarchy - They become more supported of a limited state when the govt is more democratic - More likely to support constitutionalism than democracy Market sceptics - The foundation of traditional aristocracy was between the landlord and the tenant - Medieval society, agrarian, peasants would work the land for themselves, but also the lord, who they owed labour to - Tories were originally unsupportive of the market - Markets developed and agrarianism dropped - Toryism made its peace with the market, but began to represent liberal ideas - Toryism can still be found in conservatism, with markets serving the good of the community, - More Intune with economic nationalism than laissez faire Established values - One of the strongest elements of toryism is its support of traditional values, religious, moral, and social - Regarded as part of necessary structure - Unlike liberals, who share with Tory's beliefs of right or wrong, but is willing to let individuals see for themselves, torys are not as tolerant - Liberals are concerned with rights, whereas conservatives insist you must do what is right. - Tolerance is not a feature of toryism - The need to set aside local feeling in order to ascertain the common if the greater community - National interest is what guides relations with other states - Can be manifested aggressively or defensively - Aggressive - colonialism and power - Defensively - policies designed to preserve prosperity and the nations customs. Example is economic policies Wisdom of prejudice - Can be manifested aggressively or defensively - Aggressive - colonialism and power - Defensively - policies designed to preserve prosperity and the nations customs. Example is economic policies Wisdom of prejudice - Toryism justifies itself on the basis of tradition - What has been handed down for generations is worth preserving - This is because it has withstood time - The conservative is not as sure that we can change institutions to solve our problems - Functions on methods that have succeeded before Summary - All tories are conservatives, but not all conservatives are tories - Conservatism seeks to preserve a certain status quo - Toryism has likely vanished, as society has evolved - Now lives on a strain of modern conservatism, which emphasizes the collective over the individual. - Views hierarchy as natural - And believes the most fortunate in society have obligations towards the welfare of the least advantaged - Conservative disposition is grounded in a pessimistic view of human nature Sources of first generation ideologies - Edmund burke (1729-1797) - Often seen as one of the creators of conservatism - He was found inconsistent (support of American revolution but not French) - England became liberal - Wrote reflections on the revolutions in fance`

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