IDA Questions PDF

IDA Questions By : Abd Elrahim Algaili Questions: 1\. What is a functional definition of anemia? a\) A decrease in blood pressure b\) A decrease in red blood cell count c\) A decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood d\) An increase in hemoglobin levels 2\. Which of the following...

IDA Questions By : Abd Elrahim Algaili Questions: 1\. What is a functional definition of anemia? a\) A decrease in blood pressure b\) A decrease in red blood cell count c\) A decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood d\) An increase in hemoglobin levels 2\. Which of the following best describes a cause of anemia? a\) Low blood sugar b\) Insufficient hemoglobin c\) High white blood cell count d\) High oxygen levels in the blood 3\. Anemia can arise due to: a\) Excessive red blood cell production b\) Impaired function of hemoglobin c\) High hemoglobin levels d\) Excessive oxygen in the blood 4\. Which of the following is NOT a cause of anemia? a\) Impaired function of hemoglobin b\) Insufficient hemoglobin c\) Increase in oxygen-carrying capacity d\) Decrease in oxygen-carrying capacity 5\. The primary role affected by anemia in blood is: a\) Blood clotting ability b\) Oxygen transport capacity c\) White blood cell count d\) Platelet production 6\. A decrease in which component\'s function can lead to anemia? a\) Hemoglobin b\) White blood cells c\) Blood plasma d\) Platelets 7\. Insufficient hemoglobin in blood primarily results in: a\) High oxygen-carrying capacity b\) Low oxygen-carrying capacity c\) Increased blood pressure d\) Decreased red blood cell count 8\. The function of hemoglobin that, when impaired, can contribute to anemia is: a\) Blood clotting b\) Oxygen carrying c\) Immune defense d\) Platelet production 9\. Anemia is defined as a decrease in which capacity of the blood? a\) Oxygen-carrying b\) White blood cell c\) Blood pressure d\) Red blood cell production 10\. What happens to the blood\'s oxygen-carrying capacity in anemia? a\) It increases b\) It decreases c\) It remains the same d\) It doubles Answers: 1\. c) A decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood 2\. b) Insufficient hemoglobin 3\. b) Impaired function of hemoglobin 4\. c) Increase in oxygen-carrying capacity 5\. b) Oxygen transport capacity 6\. a) Hemoglobin 7\. b) Low oxygen-carrying capacity 8\. b) Oxygen carrying 9\. a) Oxygen-carrying 10\. b) It decreases............................................... Questions: 1\. Anemia is defined as a reduction in which of the following? a\) Red blood cells b\) Hemoglobin content c\) White blood cells d\) Platelets 2\. What can cause anemia according to the definition? a\) Increased hematocrit b\) Decrease in RBCs c\) Increased white blood cells d\) Increase in hemoglobin 3\. Hemoglobin content below the reference interval is a sign of: a\) Increased oxygen levels b\) Anemia c\) High blood pressure d\) Normal blood count 4\. In the definition of anemia, which other component besides hemoglobin is mentioned? a\) Plasma b\) Hematocrit c\) Platelets d\) Glucose 5\. A decrease in which component can lead to anemia? a\) White blood cells b\) Red blood cells c\) Blood plasma d\) Blood sugar 6\. Anemia involves a decrease in hemoglobin under what type of conditions? a\) Extreme exercise b\) Similar environmental conditions c\) Extreme cold d\) High altitude 7\. Which group is the reference interval for anemia adjusted for? a\) Gender only b\) Age, sex, and race c\) Occupation d\) Marital status 8\. Anemia can be identified when hemoglobin is below the reference interval for: a\) Individuals of different race only b\) Healthy individuals of similar age, sex, and race c\) People with blood disorders d\) People in high-stress situations 9\. The definition of anemia includes a reduction in hematocrit. What is hematocrit? a\) White blood cell count b\) Red blood cell volume c\) Platelet count d\) Plasma percentage 10\. Anemia is commonly diagnosed by evaluating levels of: a\) Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets b\) Hemoglobin, RBCs, and hematocrit c\) RBCs, white blood cells, and glucose d\) Hemoglobin, platelets, and plasma Answers: 1\. b) Hemoglobin content 2\. b) Decrease in RBCs 3\. b) Anemia 4\. b) Hematocrit 5\. b) Red blood cells 6\. b) Similar environmental conditions 7\. b) Age, sex, and race 8\. b) Healthy individuals of similar age, sex, and race 9\. b) Red blood cell volume 10\. b) Hemoglobin, RBCs, and hematocrit............................................. Questions: 1\. What is the functional definition of anemia? A\) Increase in red blood cells B\) Decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood C\) Increase in hemoglobin levels D\) Decrease in white blood cells 2\. What can cause anemia? A\) High levels of oxygen B\) Sufficient hemoglobin C\) Insufficient hemoglobin D\) Proper hemoglobin function 3\. What does insufficient hemoglobin indicate? A\) Increased oxygen-carrying capacity B\) Normal oxygen transport C\) Reduced ability to carry oxygen D\) No impact on oxygen levels 4\. What is the main function of hemoglobin? A\) Producing white blood cells B\) Transporting oxygen C\) Regulating temperature D\) Increasing blood fluid levels 5\. What occurs if hemoglobin function is impaired? A\) Oxygen levels will remain unchanged B\) Increase in red blood cell count C\) Decrease in oxygen-carrying capacity D\) Improvement in blood health 6\. What can lead to anemia? A\) Excessive water intake B\) Insufficient hemoglobin C\) Increased iron levels D\) Adequate protein consumption 7\. What role does oxygen play in the blood? A\) Producing red blood cells B\) Aiding digestion C\) Transporting energy D\) Carrying oxygen to tissues 8\. What does it mean if hemoglobin has impaired function? A\) High capacity to carry oxygen B\) Insufficient hemoglobin C\) Ineffective oxygen transport D\) Increased vitamin levels 9\. What is a consequence of anemia? A\) Increase in oxygen-carrying capacity B\) Decrease in oxygen availability to cells C\) Improvement in body health D\) Increased cell activity 10\. What factors can affect hemoglobin function? A\) Good sleep B\) Good nutrition C\) Chronic diseases or nutrient deficiencies D\) Regular exercise Answers : 1\. B 2\. C 3\. C 4\. B 5\. C 6\. B 7\. D 8\. C 9\. B 10\. C............................................... Answer: (True/false) 1\. Anemia is defined as a reduction in the hemoglobin content of blood. (True / False) 2\. Anemia can be caused by a decrease in red blood cells. (True / False) 3\. Hemoglobin levels above the reference interval indicate anemia. (True / False) 4\. Hematocrit is one of the factors considered in diagnosing anemia. (True / False) 5\. Anemia is identified only by a decrease in white blood cells. (True / False) 6\. Healthy individuals of similar age, sex, and race have the same reference interval for hemoglobin. (True / False) 7\. Anemia can result from a reduction in either RBCs or hemoglobin. (True / False) 8\. The reference interval for anemia varies based on environmental conditions. (True / False) 9\. Anemia is diagnosed when hematocrit is above the reference interval. (True / False) 10\. The definition of anemia includes both hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. (True / False) الإجابات: 1\. True 2\. True 3\. False 4\. True 5\. False 6\. False 7\. True 8\. True 9\. False 10\. True.............................................. Answer : (Tru/False) 1\. Anemia occurs only when there is a loss of red blood cells. True / False 2\. Anemia can be caused by a shortened red blood cell life span. True / False 3\. Anemia associated with iron deficiency is due to the inability to produce hemoglobin properly. True / False 4\. Red blood cell production impairment does not lead to anemia. True / False 5\. Anemias of impaired production can result from a lack of materials needed for hemoglobin assembly. True / False 6\. Heme and iron deficiencies do not affect the production of red blood cells. True / False 7\. Anemia can result from insufficient red blood cell production. True / False 8\. Loss of red blood cells does not contribute to anemia. True / False 9\. Anemia associated with heme deficiency is not related to red blood cell production issues. True / False 10\. Anemia due to impaired production is typically linked to insufficient raw materials for hemoglobin. True / False \-\-- الإجابات: 1\. False 2\. True 3\. True 4\. False 5\. True 6\. False 7\. True 8\. False 9\. False 10\. True............................................................................................. Questions: 1\. Mention one condition that can lead to anemia. 2\. Mention one factor that affects red blood cell life span. 3\. Mention one raw material necessary for hemoglobin assembly that, when lacking, leads to anemia. 4\. Mention one cause of anemia associated with impaired production. 5\. Mention a type of anemia resulting from insufficient materials for hemoglobin assembly. 6\. Mention one effect of a shortened red blood cell life span on blood health. 7\. Mention one condition caused by impaired red blood cell production. 8\. Mention one consequence of red blood cell loss in the body. 9\. Mention one substance that, if deficient, can cause anemia due to impaired hemoglobin production. 10\. Mention one situation that can cause anemia aside from RBC loss. Answers : 1\. Impaired RBC production 2\. Shortened RBC life span 3\. Iron 4\. Lack of materials for hemoglobin assembly 5\. Anemias of impaired production 6\. Anemia 7\. Anemia 8\. Anemia 9\. Heme 10\. Impaired RBC production.......................................................................................... Questions: 1\. What can cause anemia? A\) Excess red blood cells B\) Impaired RBC production C\) Increased RBC life span D\) Excess iron 2\. Which of the following is a possible cause of anemia? A\) Increased RBC count B\) Extended RBC life span C\) Shortened RBC life span D\) Abundance of heme 3\. Anemias associated with iron and heme are typically classified as: A\) Anemias of excessive RBCs B\) Anemias of impaired production C\) Anemias due to excessive oxygen D\) Anemias due to blood volume increase 4\. Impaired RBC production leads to: A\) Anemia B\) Increased RBC life span C\) Higher oxygen levels D\) Improved hemoglobin function 5\. Anemia may result from a lack of materials necessary for: A\) Blood circulation B\) Hemoglobin assembly C\) White blood cell production D\) Platelet formation 6\. What condition is related to a deficiency in iron and heme? A\) Increased hemoglobin levels B\) Impaired RBC production anemia C\) Enhanced RBC life span D\) Excessive blood cell formation 7\. Which of the following factors is NOT a cause of anemia? A\) Impaired RBC production B\) Shortened RBC life span C\) Loss of RBCs D\) Excess oxygen in blood 8\. The lack of raw materials for hemoglobin can lead to: A\) Healthy RBC production B\) Impaired RBC production anemia C\) Excess RBC life span D\) Increased iron levels 9\. A frank loss of red blood cells may result in: A\) Increased RBC production B\) Anemia C\) Higher hemoglobin assembly D\) Improved RBC function 10\. Anemia associated with impaired production often results from: A\) Abundant hemoglobin B\) Lack of raw materials C\) Excess red blood cells D\) Increased RBC lifespan \-\-- الإجابات: 1\. B 2\. C 3\. B 4\. A 5\. B 6\. B 7\. D 8\. B 9\. B 10\. B.............................................................................................. Questions: 1\. What is an essential part of diagnosing anemia? A\) Blood volume measurement B\) Family history analysis only C\) History and physical examination D\) Diet assessment only 2\. What happens when oxygen delivery to tissues decreases? A\) Increased energy levels B\) Improved day-to-day performance C\) Fatigue and shortness of breath D\) Enhanced mental clarity 3\. Which symptom is commonly associated with anemia? A\) High energy B\) Shortness of breath C\) Improved heart function D\) Reduced respiratory rate 4\. In cases of severe blood loss, what condition may develop? A\) Hypertension B\) Increased blood volume C\) Hypotension D\) Hyperthermia 5\. What immediate body response occurs due to hypotension from blood loss? A\) Decreased heart rate B\) Increased cardiac output C\) Lower respiratory rate D\) Reduced cardiac output 6\. What is a common symptom due to reduced blood supply to the brain? A\) Enhanced concentration B\) Hypotension C\) Decreased fatigue D\) Reduced heart rate 7\. What role does sympathetic stimulation play after blood loss? A\) Increases heart rate and respiratory rate B\) Decreases respiratory rate C\) Reduces blood pressure D\) Lowers cardiac output 8\. To understand the cause of a patient's anemia, what should be obtained? A\) Blood transfusion history B\) Surgical history only C\) Comprehensive history and questioning D\) Blood pressure only 9\. When taking history for anemia, which factor is important to ask about? A\) Height and weight B\) Chemical exposure C\) Vaccination history D\) Sleep patterns 10\. Which personal factor is relevant in assessing anemia risk? A\) Favorite activities B\) Ethnic group C\) Social media use D\) Food allergies 11\. What dietary information is relevant for anemia diagnosis? A\) Daily water intake B\) Regular food intake C\) Iron-rich foods D\) Vitamin D supplements 12\. Which symptom might occur due to low blood supply to the heart? A\) Improved cardiac function B\) Decreased pulse rate C\) Increased cardiac output D\) Shortness of breath 13\. What does a physical examination for anemia help determine? A\) Heart disease B\) Possible causes of anemia C\) Specific dietary needs D\) Chronic fatigue syndrome 14\. Which is a key question to ask regarding anemia-related symptoms? A\) Daily exercise routine B\) Medication use C\) Preferred hobbies D\) Sleeping habits 15\. What is a common adaptation response to low blood volume? A\) Decreased respiratory rate B\) Increased blood glucose C\) Increased heart rate D\) Decreased heart rate Answers: 1\. C 2\. C 3\. B 4\. C 5\. B 6\. B 7\. A 8\. C 9\. B 10\. B 11\. C 12\. D 13\. B 14\. B 15\. C.............................................................................................. Questions: 1\. The history and physical examination are not important in diagnosing anemia. 2\. A decrease in oxygen delivery to tissues increases energy levels. 3\. Fatigue and shortness of breath are classic symptoms of anemia. 4\. Severe blood loss can lead to increased blood volume. 5\. Hypotension develops as a result of decreased blood volume. 6\. Decreased blood supply to the brain can occur after severe blood loss. 7\. The sympathetic nervous system response increases heart rate and respiratory rate. 8\. A patient\'s history is not relevant in determining the cause of anemia. 9\. Questions about diet are essential when assessing a patient for anemia. 10\. Exposure to chemicals is an irrelevant factor in anemia diagnosis. 11\. Family history of disease can help in understanding a patient's anemia. 12\. Travel history is not important when evaluating a patient for anemia. 13\. Bleeding history is significant in the diagnosis of anemia. 14\. Symptoms like fatigue are only associated with severe forms of anemia. 15\. Shortness of breath can indicate a decrease in oxygen delivery to tissues. \-\-- Answers : 1\. False 2\. False 3\. True 4\. False 5\. True 6\. True 7\. True 8\. False 9\. True 10\. False 11\. True 12\. False 13\. True 14\. False 15\. True............................................................................................ Questions: 1\. What are the important components in diagnosing anemia? 2\. What happens to energy levels when oxygen delivery to tissues decreases? 3\. Which symptoms are commonly associated with anemia? 4\. What occurs in the body during severe blood loss? 5\. How does blood volume change during severe blood loss? 6\. What physiological condition develops as a result of decreased blood volume? 7\. Which organs are affected by decreased blood supply due to blood loss? 8\. What immediate physiological adaptations occur in response to hypotension? 9\. What is the significance of obtaining a good history from the patient? 10\. What dietary aspects are important to inquire about in an anemia assessment? 11\. How does drug ingestion factor into the history-taking for anemia? 12\. Why is exposure to chemicals relevant when assessing a patient for anemia? 13\. What role does a patient's occupation play in understanding their anemia? 14\. How can travel history be significant in diagnosing anemia? 15\. Why is family history important in the evaluation of a patient with anemia? \-\-- Answers: 1\. The history and physical examination. 2\. Energy levels decrease. 3\. Fatigue and shortness of breath. 4\. Blood volume decreases. 5\. Blood volume decreases significantly. 6\. Hypotension develops. 7\. The brain and heart are affected. 8\. Increased heart rate and respiratory rate occur. 9\. It helps identify the cause of anemia. 10\. Inquiry about iron-rich foods is important. 11\. Certain drugs can affect red blood cell production. 12\. Chemicals can contribute to anemia risk. 13\. Occupational hazards may lead to anemia. 14\. Travel history can reveal potential exposure to infectious agents. 15\. Family history can indicate genetic predispositions to anemia............................................................................................. Questions: 1\. What physiological changes can occur due to acute blood loss? 2\. What role does anemia play in maintaining homeostasis? 3\. Which proteins mediate the transport and storage of iron in the body? 4\. How many atoms of iron can transferrin carry? 5\. To which tissues does transferrin primarily deliver iron? 6\. What is the function of transferrin receptor 1 (TR1)? 7\. How is iron incorporated into hemoglobin? 8\. What happens to red blood cells at the end of their life cycle? 9\. Where does the breakdown of red blood cells primarily occur? 10\. What happens to iron when red blood cells are broken down in macrophages? 11\. How does iron enter the plasma after the breakdown of red blood cells? 12\. What is the primary source of iron on transferrin in the plasma? 13\. How is most of the body\'s iron contained? 14\. What is the daily iron cycle? 15\. How is iron reutilized for hemoglobin synthesis? 16\. From where is iron transferred to plasma transferrin? 17\. What is the typical relationship between iron absorption and iron loss in the body? 18\. How does acute hemorrhage affect the body\'s iron distribution? 19\. Why is the role of macrophages important in iron metabolism? 20\. What physiological processes are ensured by adequate iron transport?... Answers: 1\. Profound changes in physiological processes to maintain organ function and homeostasis. 2\. It ensures the stability of internal conditions despite changes. 3\. Transferrin, transferrin receptor 1 (TR1), and ferritin. 4\. Up to two atoms of iron. 5\. To tissues with transferrin receptors, especially erythroblasts in the bone marrow. 6\. It helps facilitate the uptake of transferrin-bound iron by cells. 7\. Iron is incorporated into hemoglobin in erythroblasts. 8\. They are broken down in macrophages. 9\. In the reticuloendothelial system. 10\. Iron is released from hemoglobin. 11\. Iron enters the plasma from macrophages. 12\. Most of the iron on transferrin comes from the breakdown of hemoglobin. 13\. In circulating hemoglobin. 14\. Iron is absorbed to replace the iron lost from the body. 15\. Iron is reutilized after red blood cells die. 16\. From macrophages to plasma transferrin. 17\. Iron absorption is normally sufficient to compensate for iron loss. 18\. It can lead to redistribution of iron reserves to vital organs. 19\. Macrophages recycle iron from old red blood cells, making it available for new cells. 20\. To ensure oxygen delivery to tissues and proper metabolic function. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Questions: 1\. Anemia from acute blood loss does not affect physiological processes. 2\. Acute hemorrhage can lead to changes that ensure the maintenance of homeostasis. 3\. The transport of iron is mediated by four proteins. 4\. Transferrin can carry up to two atoms of iron. 5\. Transferrin primarily delivers iron to erythroblasts in the bone marrow. 6\. Iron is not reutilized after red blood cells die. 7\. Red blood cells are broken down in the liver. 8\. The reticuloendothelial system is involved in the breakdown of red blood cells. 9\. Iron is released from hemoglobin during the breakdown of red blood cells. 10\. Most of the iron in the body is stored in ferritin. 11\. Iron from macrophages enters the plasma after red blood cells are broken down. 12\. The daily iron cycle involves transferring iron from plasma to tissues. 13\. Iron absorption typically exceeds iron loss in the body. 14\. Iron is transported in the body mainly by transferrin. 15\. Hemoglobin contains the majority of the body's iron. 16\. Transferrin receptors are present in all tissues. 17\. Erythroblasts incorporate iron into hemoglobin. 18\. The body does not need iron for hemoglobin synthesis. 19\. Iron loss can be compensated by normal iron absorption. 20\. Homeostasis is not affected by changes in iron distribution. \-\-- Answers: 1\. False 2\. True 3\. False 4\. True 5\. True 6\. False 7\. False 8\. True 9\. True 10\. False 11\. True 12\. False 13\. False 14\. True 15\. True 16\. False 17\. True 18\. False 19\. True 20\. False \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Questions: 1\. What is the main cause of anemia resulting from acute blood loss? A\) Iron deficiency B\) Hemolytic anemia C\) Severe hemorrhage D\) Kidney diseases 2\. Which proteins are primarily responsible for iron transport in the body? A\) Albumin B\) Transferrin, Transferrin receptor 1 (TR1), and Ferritin C\) Hemoglobin, Myoglobin D\) White blood cells 3\. Where is the iron incorporated that is transported by transferrin? A\) In the liver B\) In the lungs C\) In red blood cells in the bone marrow D\) In the small intestine 4\. How many iron atoms can transferrin hold? A\) One B\) Two C\) Three D\) Four 5\. Where are red blood cells broken down in the body? A\) In the lung B\) In the liver C\) In the spleen D\) In the reticuloendothelial system 6\. What happens to the iron when red blood cells are broken down? A\) It is excreted from the body B\) It is stored in the liver C\) It is reused for hemoglobin synthesis D\) It accumulates in tissues 7\. What is the normal absorption rate of iron in the body? A\) More than the body\'s needs B\) Less than the body\'s needs C\) Just enough to compensate for iron loss D\) Not absorbed at all 8\. Which of the following is a function of transferrin? A\) Storing iron B\) Transporting iron to tissues C\) Breaking down red blood cells D\) Synthesizing hemoglobin 9\. Where is iron stored in the body? A\) In the small intestine B\) In the muscles C\) In ferritin D\) In plasma 10\. What constitutes most of the iron in the body? A\) Myoglobin B\) Circulating hemoglobin C\) Ferritin D\) Transferrin 11\. What is the main effect of anemia due to acute hemorrhage on the body? A\) Increased oxygen levels B\) Profound changes in physiological processes C\) Decreased iron levels D\) Increased red blood cell production 12\. Which of the following represents a part of the daily iron cycle? A\) Iron absorption only B\) Iron transport to tissues only C\) Reusing iron after red blood cell death D\) Iron storage only 13\. Which of the following represents Transferrin receptor 1 (TR1)? A\) A protein that transports iron to plasma B\) A protein that receives iron from transferrin C\) A protein that stores iron D\) A protein that contributes to hemoglobin production 14\. What is the main role of monocytes in the reticuloendothelial system? A\) Producing red blood cells B\) Breaking down red blood cells C\) Storing iron D\) Transporting iron 15\. What is the role of ferritin in the body? A\) Transporting iron to tissues B\) Storing iron C\) Producing red blood cells D\) Breaking down red blood cells 16\. What is the primary source of iron available to transferrin? A\) Iron from food B\) Iron absorbed from the intestine C\) Iron released from hemoglobin D\) Iron stored in the liver 17\. What happens to iron at the end of the lifespan of red blood cells? A\) It is completely excreted B\) It is reused C\) It is stored in tissues D\) It is converted to other compounds 18\. What are the physiological effects of acute blood loss? A\) Stabilization of blood pressure B\) Stimulation of red blood cell production C\) Disruption of iron balance D\) Increased oxygen quantity 19\. How does ferritin help regulate iron levels in the body? A\) By increasing iron absorption B\) By storing excess iron C\) By converting iron to a soluble form D\) By transporting iron to tissues 20\. Which factors influence iron absorption in the body? A\) The amount of iron in the blood B\) The type of food consumed C\) Monocyte activity D\) All of the above \-\-- Answers: 1\. C 2\. B 3\. C 4\. B 5\. D 6\. C 7\. C 8\. B 9\. C 10\. B 11\. B 12\. C 13\. B 14\. B 15\. B 16\. C 17\. B 18\. C 19\. B 20\. D \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Questions: 1\. The total body iron content is approximately 3-5 grams. 2\. Iron is distributed primarily in hemoglobin. 3\. Ferritin and hemosiderin are forms of available tissue iron stores. 4\. Cytochromes are considered essential non-available iron. 5\. Plasma transport of iron is the only method of iron distribution in the body. 6\. Iron is stored in macrophages as ferritin and hemosiderin. 7\. The amount of ferritin in the body is constant and does not vary. 8\. Ferritin is a water-soluble protein that can bind a significant amount of iron. 9\. Each molecule of apoferritin can bind up to 10,000 atoms of iron. 10\. Hemosiderin is a soluble protein-iron complex. 11\. Hemosiderin is visible in macrophages using light microscopy after staining with the Prussian blue reaction. 12\. Iron in ferritin and hemosiderin is primarily in the ferrous form (Fe2+). 13\. Dietary iron is present mainly as ferric hydroxides and haem protein complexes. 14\. Meat, especially liver, is generally a better source of dietary iron than vegetables. 15\. A typical diet contains 10-15 mg of iron daily. 16\. Normal absorption of dietary iron is around 20-30%. 17\. Iron absorption occurs mainly in the duodenum. 18\. Haem iron is absorbed through a receptor that has been fully characterized. 19\. Inorganic iron absorption is favored by acidic conditions in the gut. 20\. Reducing agents help maintain iron in the Fe3+ state in the gut lumen. 21\. Organic dietary iron is completely absorbed in the gut. 22\. Inorganic iron must be reduced to the Fe2+ state for better absorption. 23\. The proportion of absorbed iron increases during pregnancy. 24\. Most dietary iron is absorbed effectively under normal conditions. 25\. Ferritin is not visible by light microscopy without special staining. \-\-- Answers: 1\. True 2\. True 3\. True 4\. True 5\. False 6\. True 7\. False 8\. True 9\. False 10\. False 11\. True 12\. False 13\. True 14\. True 15\. True 16\. False 17\. True 18\. False 19\. True 20\. False 21\. False 22\. True 23\. True 24\. False 25\. True \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Questions: 1\. What is the total body iron content in grams? A\) 1-2 gm B\) 3-5 gm C\) 5-7 gm D\) 10-15 gm 2\. Which of the following is a primary storage form of iron in tissues? A\) Hemoglobin B\) Ferritin C\) Myoglobin D\) Albumin 3\. What is the main non-available form of essential iron? A\) Ferritin B\) Hemoglobin C\) Cytochromes D\) Transferrin 4\. Where is iron primarily stored in the body? A\) Liver B\) Macrophages C\) Muscle tissue D\) Bone marrow 5\. What percentage of its weight can ferritin contain as iron? A\) Up to 5% B\) Up to 10% C\) Up to 20% D\) Up to 50% 6\. What is the molecular weight of ferritin? A\) 100,000 B\) 200,000 C\) 465,000 D\) 1,000,000 7\. How many iron atoms can each molecule of apoferritin bind? A\) 1,000 - 2,000 B\) 2,000 - 3,000 C\) 4,000 - 5,000 D\) 10,000 - 15,000 8\. What form of iron is hemosiderin primarily composed of? A\) Ferrous B\) Ferric C\) Free iron D\) Hemoglobin 9\. Which staining method is used to visualize hemosiderin? A\) H&E staining B\) Giemsa stain C\) Prussian blue reaction D\) Silver stain 10\. How much iron is typically consumed daily from diet? A\) 5-10 mg B\) 10-15 mg C\) 20-25 mg D\) 30-35 mg 11\. What percentage of dietary iron is normally absorbed? A\) 1-3% B\) 5-10% C\) 15-20% D\) 25-30% 12\. Which food source is considered a better source of iron? A\) Vegetables B\) Eggs C\) Liver D\) Dairy products 13\. How can iron absorption increase in specific conditions like pregnancy? A\) Decreased iron requirement B\) Increased iron absorption rate C\) Increased dietary intake D\) Decreased dietary intake 14\. What is the primary absorption site for dietary iron? A\) Stomach B\) Jejunum C\) Duodenum D\) Ileum 15\. How is organic dietary iron partly absorbed? A\) As free iron B\) As haem C\) As ferritin D\) As transferrin 16\. What happens to haem iron after absorption? A\) It is excreted B\) It is digested to release iron C\) It remains unchanged D\) It converts to ferritin 17\. What factors favor inorganic iron absorption? A\) Alkaline conditions B\) Acid and reducing agents C\) High protein intake D\) Low fat intake 18\. Iron must be in which form to be better absorbed? A\) Fe1+ B\) Fe2+ C\) Fe3+ D\) Fe4+ 19\. What is a key characteristic of ferritin? A\) Insoluble in water B\) Visible by light microscopy C\) Water-soluble protein D\) Contains no iron 20\. How does dietary iron differ in absorption? A\) It is always 100% absorbed B\) It is not affected by the type of food C\) It varies from food to food D\) It is only absorbed from meat 21\. Hemosiderin is primarily found in which type of cells? A\) Red blood cells B\) Neurons C\) Macrophages D\) Epithelial cells 22\. What is the iron content percentage in hemosiderin? A\) 10% B\) 20% C\) 37% D\) 50% 23\. What is the role of reducing agents in iron absorption? A\) To oxidize iron B\) To maintain iron in the Fe3+ state C\) To convert iron to a soluble form D\) To keep iron in the Fe2+ state 24\. The absorption of inorganic iron is increased by which condition? A\) Alkaline pH B\) High fiber intake C\) Acidic pH D\) High carbohydrate intake 25\. What is the primary source of dietary iron from plant foods? A\) Ferritin B\) Haem protein complexes C\) Ferric hydroxides D\) Cytochromes \-\-- Answers: 1\. B 2\. B 3\. C 4\. B 5\. C 6\. C 7\. C 8\. B 9\. C 10\. B 11\. B 12\. C 13\. B 14\. C 15\. B 16\. B 17\. B 18\. B 19\. C 20\. C 21\. C 22\. C 23\. D 24\. C 25\. C \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Questions: 1\. Mention the stores that become depleted before anemia occurs in iron deficiency. 2\. Mention two signs or symptoms associated with iron deficiency anemia. 3\. Mention a nail condition commonly seen in iron deficiency anemia. 4\. Mention the syndrome that causes dysphagia due to pharyngeal webs in iron deficiency. 5\. Mention the type of anemia most commonly caused by iron deficiency. 6\. Mention two red cell indices that are reduced in microcytic hypochromic anemia. 7\. Mention the type of appearance in red cells caused by iron deficiency on a blood film. 8\. Mention the defect that causes the hypochromic appearance in iron deficiency anemia. 9\. Mention the global status of iron deficiency as a cause of anemia. 10\. Mention a condition associated with painless inflammation of the tongue in iron deficiency anemia. 11\. Mention a symptom of iron deficiency anemia related to the nails. 12\. Mention the factors that lead to the development of iron deficiency anemia. 13\. Mention the impact of iron deficiency anemia on mean corpuscular volume (MCV). 14\. Mention the impact of iron deficiency anemia on mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH). 15\. Mention a possible outcome when iron demand expands without adequate intake. 16\. Mention the condition where iron absorption is impaired. 17\. Mention a chronic factor that could lead to iron deficiency anemia. 18\. Mention the type of blood cells in microcytic hypochromic anemia. 19\. Mention one part of the body where iron stores are depleted before anemia is detected. 20\. Mention the type of anemia indicated by small, pale red blood cells. \-\-- Answers: 1\. Haemosiderin and ferritin 2\. Glossitis, angular stomatitis 3\. Koilonychia (spoon nails) 4\. Plummer-Vinson syndrome (Paterson-Kelly syndrome) 5\. Microcytic hypochromic anemia 6\. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) 7\. Microcytic and hypochromic appearance 8\. Defect in hemoglobin synthesis 9\. Most common cause of anemia worldwide 10\. Glossitis 11\. Brittle, ridged, or spoon-shaped nails (koilonychia) 12\. Inadequate intake, increased demand, impaired absorption, chronic loss of hemoglobin 13\. Reduced MCV 14\. Reduced MCH 15\. Iron deficiency anemia 16\. Impaired absorption 17\. Chronic loss of hemoglobin 18\. Microcytic and hypochromic red blood cells 19\. Reticuloendothelial stores 20\. Microcytic hypochromic anemia \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Questions: 1\. What happens first as iron deficiency develops? A\) Anemia appears immediately B\) Reticuloendothelial stores deplete C\) Serum iron increases D\) Hemoglobin levels increase 2\. What type of glossitis is associated with iron deficiency anemia? A\) Painful glossitis B\) Painless glossitis C\) Infectious glossitis D\) Acute glossitis 3\. Which nail condition is associated with iron deficiency anemia? A\) Onycholysis B\) Ridged nails C\) Spoon nails (koilonychia) D\) Brittle nails 4\. Iron deficiency anemia may lead to dysphagia due to which syndrome? A\) Marfan syndrome B\) Plummer-Vinson syndrome C\) Ehlers-Danlos syndrome D\) Raynaud syndrome 5\. What is the most common cause of anemia worldwide? A\) Folic acid deficiency B\) Vitamin B12 deficiency C\) Iron deficiency D\) Hemolysis 6\. Which type of anemia is primarily associated with iron deficiency? A\) Macrocytic anemia B\) Microcytic hypochromic anemia C\) Normocytic anemia D\) Hemolytic anemia 7\. In iron deficiency anemia, which red cell indices are typically reduced? A\) MCV and MCH B\) MCHC and RDW C\) RDW and MCHC D\) RBC and HCT 8\. Iron deficiency anemia is characterized by red cells that appear: A\) Normocytic and normochromic B\) Microcytic and hypochromic C\) Macrocytic and hyperchromic D\) Fragmented and schistocytic 9\. Iron deficiency anemia often results from inadequate iron intake, increased demand, impaired absorption, or: A\) Excessive iron intake B\) Chronic hemoglobin loss C\) Excessive iron absorption D\) Elevated MCV levels 10\. What term describes the appearance of pale, small red cells in iron deficiency anemia? A\) Hyperchromic B\) Microcytic and hypochromic C\) Normochromic D\) Macrocytic 11\. Which clinical feature is NOT commonly associated with iron deficiency anemia? A\) Angular stomatitis B\) Painless glossitis C\) Hypertension D\) Spoon nails 12\. How does iron deficiency anemia primarily affect hemoglobin synthesis? A\) Causes increased hemoglobin synthesis B\) Causes a defect in hemoglobin synthesis C\) Causes hemolysis D\) Causes hyperpigmentation of hemoglobin 13\. Iron deficiency anemia develops when iron intake is: A\) Adequate for demand B\) Inadequate to meet demand C\) Excessive D\) Optimal but unabsorbed 14\. Plummer-Vinson syndrome may result from: A\) Excessive iron levels B\) Iron deficiency anemia C\) Vitamin D deficiency D\) Hypertension 15\. In iron deficiency anemia, the MCV and MCH levels: A\) Increase B\) Stay the same C\) Decrease D\) Fluctuate randomly 16\. What does the blood film typically show in iron deficiency anemia? A\) Normal red cells B\) Macrocytic red cells C\) Pale, small red cells D\) Hyperchromic red cells 17\. Which is a primary cause of iron deficiency anemia? A\) Bone marrow failure B\) Chronic infection C\) Inadequate dietary iron D\) High oxygen levels 18\. Iron deficiency anemia is most commonly associated with which type of red cells? A\) Normocytic normochromic B\) Microcytic hypochromic C\) Macrocytic hyperchromic D\) Fragmented cells 19\. Which condition is commonly linked to a decrease in hemoglobin due to chronic blood loss? A\) Hemolytic anemia B\) Iron deficiency anemia C\) Megaloblastic anemia D\) Sideroblastic anemia 20\. What feature is common in the nails of patients with iron deficiency anemia? A\) Yellowing B\) Clubbing C\) Koilonychia D\) Onychomycosis 21\. Iron deficiency primarily causes: A\) Hemolysis B\) Reduced hemoglobin synthesis C\) Increased red cell production D\) Higher serum iron 22\. Which physical sign indicates iron deficiency anemia? A\) Elevated blood pressure B\) Enlarged spleen C\) Painless glossitis D\) Jaundice 23\. In iron deficiency anemia, ferritin levels: A\) Remain constant B\) Decrease C\) Increase significantly D\) Show no correlation 24\. Chronic blood loss primarily causes: A\) Hemolytic anemia B\) Iron deficiency anemia C\) Aplastic anemia D\) Polycythemia 25\. Which is a sign of iron deficiency anemia in the mouth? A\) Pale gums B\) Angular stomatitis C\) Enlarged tonsils D\) Dry mouth 26\. Iron deficiency anemia due to poor iron absorption occurs in: A\) Iron overload syndromes B\) Vitamin deficiency anemia C\) Digestive disorders D\) Hypoxia 27\. Which is an early indicator of iron deficiency before anemia? A\) Elevated MCH B\) Depleted reticuloendothelial stores C\) Elevated hemoglobin D\) Elevated serum iron 28\. Dysphagia in iron deficiency anemia is often due to: A\) Plummer-Vinson syndrome B\) Addison\'s disease C\) Hyperthyroidism D\) Marasmus 29\. What happens to serum iron levels in iron deficiency anemia? A\) Increases B\) Stays constant C\) Decreases D\) Doubles 30\. When is iron deficiency anemia likely to develop? A\) High iron intake B\) Inadequate dietary iron C\) Increased iron storage D\) High protein intake Answers: 1\. B 2\. B 3\. C 4\. B 5\. C 6\. B 7\. A 8\. B 9\. B 10\. B 11\. C 12\. B 13\. B 14\. B 15\. C 16\. C 17\. C 18\. B 19\. B 20\. C 21\. B 22\. C 23\. B 24\. B 25\. B 26\. C 27\. B 28\. A 29\. C 30\. B \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Questions: (True/False) 1\. Iron deficiency anemia occurs only after reticuloendothelial iron stores are depleted. 2\. Glossitis in iron deficiency anemia is generally painless. 3\. Angular stomatitis is not associated with iron deficiency anemia. 4\. Koilonychia, or spoon nails, is a possible symptom of iron deficiency anemia. 5\. Dysphagia in iron deficiency anemia can result from pharyngeal webs. 6\. Plummer-Vinson syndrome is related to iron deficiency anemia. 7\. Iron deficiency is the rarest cause of anemia globally. 8\. Microcytic hypochromic anemia is commonly caused by iron deficiency. 9\. In iron deficiency anemia, both MCV and MCH are increased. 10\. A blood film in iron deficiency anemia shows large, darkly colored red cells. 11\. Iron deficiency anemia results from a defect in hemoglobin synthesis. 12\. Inadequate iron intake alone cannot lead to iron deficiency anemia. 13\. Increased demand for iron can contribute to iron deficiency anemia. 14\. Chronic blood loss is a common cause of iron deficiency anemia. 15\. Reticuloendothelial stores include haemosiderin and ferritin. 16\. The symptoms of iron deficiency anemia include brittle and ridged nails. 17\. Iron deficiency anemia has no impact on the size of red blood cells. 18\. Paterson-Kelly syndrome is another name for Plummer-Vinson syndrome. 19\. Dietary iron deficiency can lead to iron deficiency anemia. 20\. Impaired iron absorption can contribute to iron deficiency anemia. 21\. Koilonychia is unrelated to iron deficiency anemia. 22\. The MCV value in iron deficiency anemia is typically low. 23\. Glossitis in iron deficiency anemia is often accompanied by pain. 24\. Pharyngeal webs in iron deficiency anemia can lead to dysphagia. 25\. Microcytic anemia involves smaller-than-normal red blood cells. 26\. Hypochromic red cells are characteristic of iron deficiency anemia. 27\. MCH is generally increased in iron deficiency anemia. 28\. Hemoglobin synthesis remains unaffected in iron deficiency anemia. 29\. Iron deficiency anemia may result from chronic hemoglobin loss. 30\. Both ferritin and haemosiderin are iron-storage molecules. True \-\-- Answers: 1\. True 2\. True 3\. False 4\. True 5\. True 6\. True 7\. False 8\. True 9\. False 10\. False 11\. True 12\. False 13\. True 14\. True 15\. True 16\. True 17\. False 18\. True 19\. True 20\. True 21\. False 22\. True 23\. False 24\. True 25\. True 26\. True 27\. False 28\. False 29\. True 30\. True \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Questions: 1\. Mention the signs of iron deficiency anemia when the reticuloendothelial stores are depleted. 2\. Mention two symptoms of iron deficiency anemia that affect the mouth. 3\. Mention the term used to describe brittle, ridged, or spoon nails in iron deficiency anemia. 4\. Mention the name of the syndrome associated with dysphagia due to pharyngeal webs in iron deficiency anemia. 5\. Mention the global status of iron deficiency as a cause of anemia. 6\. Mention the type of anemia caused by iron deficiency (in terms of red cell size and color). 7\. Mention the two red cell indices affected in iron deficiency anemia. 8\. Mention the characteristic appearance of red cells in iron deficiency anemia on a blood film. 9\. Mention the main cause of the microcytic and hypochromic appearance of red cells in iron deficiency anemia. 10\. Mention a primary cause of iron deficiency anemia related to iron intake. 11\. Mention two conditions in which the need for iron may increase, leading to iron deficiency anemia. 12\. Mention a possible cause of iron deficiency anemia involving impaired absorption. 13\. Mention a cause of iron deficiency anemia that involves the loss of hemoglobin from the body. 14\. Mention the main storage forms of iron in the reticuloendothelial system. 15\. Mention the two main red cell indices (abbreviations) that are decreased in iron deficiency anemia. \-\-- Answers: 1\. General symptoms and signs of anemia. 2\. Painless glossitis and angular stomatitis. 3\. Koilonychia. 4\. Paterson-Kelly or Plummer-Vinson syndrome. 5\. Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia worldwide. 6\. Microcytic hypochromic anemia. 7\. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH). 8\. Small, pale (microcytic and hypochromic) red cells. 9\. A defect in hemoglobin synthesis. 10\. Inadequate dietary iron intake. 11\. Increased demand during iron deficiency or pregnancy. 12\. Impaired iron absorption. 13\. Chronic hemoglobin loss. 14\. Haemosiderin and ferritin. 15\. MCV and MCH. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Questions: 1\. What group has the highest daily iron requirements? A. Infants B. Elderly C. Pregnant women D. Men 2\. Which factor is NOT mentioned as a cause of iron deficiency? A. Chronic blood loss B. Increased iron demand C. Excessive calcium intake D. Malabsorption 3\. Iron deficiency is most likely to develop in: A. Elderly males B. Pregnant women C. Athletes D. Non-menstruating females 4\. Which age group requires the highest iron intake due to rapid growth? A. Infants and children B. Elderly C. Adults over 50 D. Toddlers 5\. Prolonged reduced iron intake in menstruating females could lead to: A. Iron sufficiency B. Iron deficiency C. Increased hemoglobin D. Decreased risk of anemia 6\. A cause of iron deficiency related to diet is: A. Excessive intake of iron-rich foods B. Malabsorption C. A poor diet D. High fiber intake 7\. One of the reasons for iron deficiency in adolescence is: A. Slow growth B. Increased blood volume and muscle mass C. Decreased iron absorption D. Low protein intake 8\. Chronic blood loss can lead to iron deficiency due to: A. Excessive iron intake B. Prolonged blood loss C. Short-term bleeding episodes D. High intake of iron-rich foods 9\. Iron deficiency can be a result of malabsorption. Which of the following could contribute to malabsorption? A. Proper diet B. Defective absorption in the intestine C. High vitamin C intake D. Reduced vitamin B12 levels 10\. Heme iron is lost excessively in all the following conditions EXCEPT: A. Tumors B. Chronic infections C. High fiber diet D. Kidney stones 11\. Chronic gastrointestinal bleeding can lead to: A. Iron overload B. Increased absorption of iron C. Iron deficiency D. Calcium deficiency 12\. A person with kidney stones might experience iron deficiency due to: A. Increased iron absorption B. Loss of heme iron in the urinary tract C. Bone fractures D. Iron production in kidneys 13\. Which of the following groups is particularly at risk of iron deficiency due to growth and menstruation? A. Adolescent girls B. Elderly women C. Men over 50 D. Young boys 14\. Which condition in women can lead to prolonged heme iron loss? A. Anemia B. Menorrhagia C. Osteoporosis D. Low blood pressure 15\. Premature infants may develop iron deficiency because of: A. High birth weight B. Rapid growth C. Lack of need for iron D. Delayed growth 16\. Chronic blood loss may occur due to all of the following EXCEPT: A. Hemorrhage B. High red meat intake C. Hemolysis D. Chronic infection 17\. A poor diet lacking in iron-rich foods can lead to: A. Iron deficiency B. Protein deficiency C. Calcium deficiency D. Iron overload 18\. Excessive iron loss through the gastrointestinal tract may occur with: A. Frequent headaches B. Ulcers or gastritis C. Bone fractures D. Frequent exercise 19\. What type of diet is mentioned as a possible cause of iron deficiency? A. High protein diet B. Poor diet C. High carb diet D. Gluten-free diet 20\. Adolescence is a period with higher iron demands due to: A. Reduced iron needs B. Muscle and blood volume growth C. Decreased physical activity D. Stable hormone levels 21\. Chronic iron loss can happen in women due to: A. Excessive water intake B. Prolonged menorrhagia C. Vitamin overdose D. Low protein diet 22\. Which is NOT a source of chronic iron loss in the urinary tract? A. Chronic infections B. Uterine tumors C. Kidney stones D. Blood transfusions 23\. Malabsorption that leads to iron deficiency may result from: A. Genetic defects in absorption B. High calcium absorption C. Excessive sunlight exposure D. High-fat diet 24\. Iron deficiency can be triggered by all of the following EXCEPT: A. High fiber intake B. Inadequate iron intake C. Chronic blood loss D. Malabsorption 25\. Prolonged heavy menstrual bleeding can cause iron deficiency due to: A. Excessive vitamin C intake B. Iron loss from heme in the blood C. Calcium depletion D. High potassium levels Answers: 1-C 2-C 3-B 4-A 5-B 6-C 7-B 8-B 9-B 10-C 11-C 12-B 13-A 14-B 15-B 16-B 17-A 18-B 19-B 20-B 21-B 22-D 23-A 24-A 25-B \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Questions: Answer (True/False) 1\. The daily iron requirement is the same for all ages and sexes. 2\. Iron requirements are highest during pregnancy. 3\. Adolescents have lower iron requirements than adults. 4\. Menstruating females are at higher risk of iron deficiency. 5\. Reduced iron intake over time can lead to iron deficiency. 6\. Iron deficiency is less common during periods of rapid growth. 7\. Premature infants are more likely to experience iron deficiency. 8\. Chronic blood loss does not contribute to iron deficiency. 9\. Hemolysis can result in iron loss from the body. 10\. Heme iron can be lost through the urinary tract due to kidney stones. 11\. Tumors in the urinary tract do not affect iron levels. 12\. A poor diet can lead to iron deficiency. 13\. Malabsorption has no impact on iron deficiency. 14\. Gastrointestinal bleeding does not cause iron loss. 15\. Iron deficiency is common in women with prolonged menorrhagia. 16\. Tumors in the uterus do not affect iron levels in the body. 17\. Chronic infections can lead to iron loss. 18\. Iron requirements are lower during periods of rapid growth. 19\. Infants generally require the same amount of iron as adults. 20\. Kidney stones can lead to iron loss in the body. 21\. Adolescents have an increased risk of iron deficiency. 22\. Iron deficiency is less likely with an adequate diet. 23\. Menstrual blood loss does not affect iron requirements. 24\. Prolonged reduced iron intake can result in iron deficiency anemia. 25\. Iron loss through the urinary tract is unrelated to chronic infections. 26\. Pregnancy increases the body\'s iron requirements. 27\. Hemorrhoids do not cause any loss of iron from the body. 28\. Adolescents with poor dietary intake may develop iron deficiency. 29\. Rapid growth periods require increased dietary iron intake. 30\. Heavy menstrual bleeding is a minor factor in iron deficiency. Answers : 1\. False 2\. True 3\. False 4\. True 5\. True 6\. False 7\. True 8\. False 9\. True 10\. True 11\. False 12\. True 13\. False 14\. False 15\. True 16\. False 17\. True 18\. False 19\. False 20\. True 21\. True 22\. True 23\. False 24\. True 25\. False 26\. True 27\. False 28\. True 29\. True 30\. False \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Questions: 1\. Mention the groups with the highest daily iron requirements. 2\. Mention a primary cause of iron deficiency related to diet. 3\. Mention a life stage where rapid growth increases iron requirements. 4\. Mention a common condition in women that can lead to iron deficiency due to blood loss. 5\. Mention a health condition associated with iron loss through the urinary tract. 6\. Mention a gastrointestinal condition that could cause chronic iron loss. 7\. Mention one type of blood loss that contributes to chronic iron deficiency. 8\. Mention a group likely to develop iron deficiency if they have prolonged reduced iron intake. 9\. Mention a dietary issue that can lead to iron deficiency. 10\. Mention a condition that can reduce iron absorption. 11\. Mention a reason for increased iron demand in the body. 12\. Mention two conditions in women that can lead to heme iron loss. 13\. Mention a phase of life where nutritional deficiencies are common due to growth needs. 14\. Mention one way iron can be lost from the body over time. 15\. Mention a condition associated with gastrointestinal iron loss in men and women. \-\-- Answers: 1\. Pregnant women, adolescents, and menstruating females 2\. Inadequate iron intake 3\. Infancy, childhood, and adolescence 4\. Menorrhagia (heavy menstrual bleeding) 5\. Kidney stones, tumors, or chronic infections 6\. Ulcers, gastritis, tumors, or parasitosis 7\. Chronic hemorrhage or hemolysis 8\. Pregnant women, adolescents, and menstruating females 9\. Poor diet 10\. Malabsorption 11\. Periods of rapid growth or pregnancy 12\. Prolonged menorrhagia or uterine malignancies 13\. Infancy and adolescence 14\. Chronic gastrointestinal bleeding 15\. Ulcerative colitis or hemorrhoids \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Questions:(True/False) 1\. The red cell indices fall progressively as anemia becomes more severe. 2\. Red cell indices improve as anemia becomes more severe. 3\. Hypochromic microcytic cells are seen on the blood film in cases of anemia. 4\. Target cells in the blood film are always normochromic. 5\. Pencil-shaped poikilocytes are common in iron deficiency anemia. 6\. Reticulocyte count is high in relation to the degree of anemia in iron deficiency. 7\. A dual population of red cells (dimorphic film) can appear with both microcytic and macrocytic cells. 8\. Iron deficiency alone causes a dimorphic blood film. 9\. Severe folate or vitamin B12 deficiency alone causes a dimorphic blood film. 10\. Bone marrow examination is essential in all cases of iron deficiency anemia. 11\. In iron deficiency anemia, iron is completely absent from macrophages in the bone marrow. 12\. Iron deficiency anemia shows iron present in erythroblasts. 13\. A bone marrow examination helps to assess iron stores in uncomplicated cases. 14\. Bone marrow iron stores are essential to diagnose iron deficiency anemia. 15\. Developing erythroblasts in iron deficiency anemia contain iron. 16\. Severe anemia is characterized by normochromic cells. 17\. Hypochromic microcytic cells indicate iron deficiency. 18\. A low reticulocyte count may indicate anemia severity. 19\. Vitamin B12 deficiency alone causes hypochromic microcytic cells. 20\. Folate deficiency alone results in macrocytic cells without dimorphism. 21\. Pencil-shaped poikilocytes are absent in iron deficiency anemia. 22\. Iron deficiency anemia commonly requires bone marrow biopsy for diagnosis. 23\. The presence of target cells indicates a possible iron deficiency. 24\. Dimorphic blood films are associated with dual nutrient deficiencies. 25\. Hypochromic cells are often seen in macrocytic anemia cases. الإجابات: 1\. True 2\. False 3\. True 4\. False 5\. True 6\. False 7\. True 8\. False 9\. False 10\. False 11\. True 12\. False 13\. False 14\. False 15\. False 16\. False 17\. True 18\. True 19\. False 20\. True 21\. False 22\. False 23\. True 24\. True 25\. False \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Questions: 1\. Before anemia occurs, the red cell indices: A\) Remain the same B\) Increase progressively C\) Fall progressively D\) Show no change 2\. In severe anemia, the red cell indices: A\) Remain unchanged B\) Increase significantly C\) Fall progressively D\) Fluctuate randomly 3\. Hypochromic microcytic cells are typically seen in: A\) Normal blood film B\) Iron deficiency anemia C\) Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia D\) Folate deficiency anemia 4\. The blood film in iron deficiency anemia may show: A\) Macrocytic cells only B\) Normochromic target cells C\) Hypochromic target cells D\) Hyperchromic cells 5\. Pencil-shaped poikilocytes are commonly found in: A\) Iron deficiency anemia B\) Hemolytic anemia C\) Thalassemia D\) Normal blood 6\. The reticulocyte count in relation to the degree of anemia in iron deficiency is: A\) High B\) Normal C\) Low D\) Absent 7\. A dimorphic blood film with both macrocytic and microcytic cells is seen when iron deficiency is combined with: A\) Vitamin C deficiency B\) Folate or vitamin B12 deficiency C\) Hemolytic anemia D\) Chronic kidney disease 8\. In iron deficiency anemia, the bone marrow shows: A\) Iron deposits in macrophages B\) Complete absence of iron in macrophages C\) Iron in developing erythroblasts D\) Increased iron stores 9\. Bone marrow examination in iron deficiency anemia is: A\) Always required B\) Not essential in uncomplicated cases C\) Performed in mild cases D\) The first diagnostic test 10\. Red cells in iron deficiency anemia are generally: A\) Normochromic and macrocytic B\) Hypochromic and microcytic C\) Hyperchromic and macrocytic D\) Normochromic and normocytic 11\. Hypochromic target cells may occasionally appear in: A\) Folate deficiency B\) Iron deficiency anemia C\) Vitamin B12 deficiency D\) Hemolysis 12\. In severe anemia, reticulocyte count is expected to be: A\) High in iron deficiency anemia B\) Low in relation to anemia C\) Normal D\) Variable 13\. Dimorphic film is associated with a dual population of red cells which includes: A\) Normocytic and microcytic cells B\) Microcytic and macrocytic cells C\) Hypochromic and normocytic cells D\) Normochromic cells only 14\. Pencil-shaped poikilocytes are a sign of: A\) Folate deficiency B\) Iron deficiency anemia C\) Sickle cell anemia D\) B12 deficiency 15\. A dual population of red cells on blood film is a hallmark of: A\) Combined iron and folate or B12 deficiency B\) Pure iron deficiency C\) Thalassemia D\) Chronic inflammation 16\. The presence of both macrocytic and microcytic cells is termed: A\) Hypochromia B\) Hyperchromia C\) Dimorphic film D\) Anisocytosis 17\. In iron deficiency anemia, erythroblasts in bone marrow show: A\) Excess iron B\) No iron C\) Normal iron levels D\) Increased ferritin 18\. Bone marrow iron store assessment is essential in: A\) All anemia cases B\) Complicated cases of iron deficiency C\) Mild anemia cases D\) Every case of suspected deficiency 19\. Hypochromic cells indicate: A\) Iron deficiency anemia B\) Vitamin B12 deficiency C\) Folic acid sufficiency D\) Normal erythropoiesis 20\. In severe folate or vitamin B12 deficiency with iron deficiency, the blood film shows: A\) Only microcytic cells B\) Only macrocytic cells C\) Both macrocytic and microcytic cells D\) Normochromic cells only 21\. Reticulocyte count is often low in: A\) Iron deficiency anemia B\) Normal hematologic health C\) Folate sufficiency D\) High altitude residents 22\. Hypochromic microcytic cells are a sign of: A\) Normal bone marrow B\) Iron deficiency anemia C\) Hyperplasia D\) Excess vitamin B12 23\. Bone marrow examination in uncomplicated iron deficiency anemia: A\) Shows ample iron B\) Is not essential C\) Shows high reticulocytes D\) Detects folate levels 24\. Macrocytic cells in a dimorphic film indicate: A\) Excess iron B\) Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency C\) Normal erythropoiesis D\) Increased hemoglobin 25\. Hypochromic target cells are indicative of: A\) Iron sufficiency B\) Iron deficiency anemia C\) Folate sufficiency D\) Excess iron storage الإجابات: 1\. C 2\. C 3\. B 4\. C 5\. A 6\. C 7\. B 8\. B 9\. B 10\. B 11\. B 12\. B 13\. B 14\. B 15\. A 16\. C 17\. B 18\. B 19\. A 20\. C 21\. A 22\. B 23\. B 24\. B 25\. B \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 7\. A dimorphic blood film with macrocytic and microcytic cells appears. 8\. Macrocytic and microcytic cells. 9\. No, it's not essential in uncomplicated cases. 10\. There's a complete absence of iron in macrophages. 11\. No iron in developing erythroblasts. 12\. Hypochromic. 13\. Combined iron deficiency with folate or vitamin B12 deficiency. 14\. Complete absence of iron in bone marrow macrophages and erythroblasts. 15\. They indicate iron deficiency Anemia \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Questions: 1\. What is the amount of iron in haemoglobin for an average adult male? 2.4 grams. 2\. How much iron is found in haemoglobin for an average adult female? 1.7 grams. 3\. What the percentage of total body iron is represented by haemoglobin? 65%. 4\. What is the range of iron content in ferritin and haemosiderin for an adult male? 1.0 grams (0.3--1.5 grams). 5\. What is the range of iron content in ferritin and haemosiderin for an adult female? 0.3 grams (0--1.0 grams). 6\. What percentage of total body iron is stored in ferritin and haemosiderin? 30%. 7\. How much iron is found in myoglobin for an average adult male? 0.15 grams. 8\. How much iron is found in myoglobin for an average adult female? 0.12 grams. 9\. What the percentage of total body iron does myoglobin represent? 3.5%. 11\. What is the amount of transferrin-bound iron in males and females? Males: 0.004 grams, Females: 0.003 grams. 10\. What are the causes of iron deficiency? -Chronic blood loss -increased demands -malabsorption -poor diet -Lack of Iron intake \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 1\. What does Hb stand for in the first diagram? Hemoglobin. 2\. What are the two main components of hemoglobin as shown in the first diagram? Haem and globin. 3\. In the first diagram, which condition is associated with iron deficiency? Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA). 4\. In the first diagram, what does ACD stand for? Anemia of Chronic Disease. 5\. What component is affected in Thalassemia as shown in the first diagram? Globin. 6\. What does SA stand for in the first diagram? Sideroblastic Anemia. 7\. According to the second diagram, what type of anemia is associated with MCV \< 80 fL? Microcytic anemia. 8\. In the second diagram, name one type of microcytic anemia. Iron Deficiency Anemia. 9\. What does MCV \> 100 fL indicate in the second diagram? Macrocytic anemia. 10\. What deficiency is associated with macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia according to the second diagram? Vitamin B12 or Folate deficiency. 11\. What type of anemia is categorized under normocytic with variable reticulocyte count (Retic N or ↓) in the second diagram? Anemia of chronic inflammation. 12\. In the second diagram, what is one intrinsic cause of hemolytic anemia? Membrane defects. 13\. What type of anemia is associated with alcoholism according to the second diagram? Macrocytic, non-megaloblastic anemia. 14\. According to the second diagram, what is one extrinsic cause of hemolytic anemia? Immune causes. 15\. In the second diagram, which type of anemia is associated with chronic liver disease? Macrocytic, non-megaloblastic anemia. \" نسأل الله التوفيق \"