BnL Midterm Exam Questions PDF

АплА1 1.\A 40-year-old patient was admitted to the clinic complaining of pale skin, shortness of breath, weakness, dizziness, frequent nosebleeds and petechiae; over the past year, he had suffered from pneumonia several times. It is known from the anamnesis that the patient had worked at a nuclear...

АплА1 1.\A 40-year-old patient was admitted to the clinic complaining of pale skin, shortness of breath, weakness, dizziness, frequent nosebleeds and petechiae; over the past year, he had suffered from pneumonia several times. It is known from the anamnesis that the patient had worked at a nuclear power plant for a long time and participated in the liquidation of accidents at a nuclear power plant. Blood tests revealed pancytopenia. Name the type of anemia 2.\A 40-year-old patient was admitted to the clinic complaining of pale skin, shortness of breath, weakness, dizziness, frequent nosebleeds and petechiae; over the past year, he had suffered from pneumonia several times. It is known from the anamnesis that the patient had worked at a nuclear power plant for a long time and participated in the liquidation of accidents at a nuclear power plant. Blood tests revealed pancytopenia. Clinical diagnosis \"Aplastic anemia\". What is the main feature of this type of anemia? 3.\A 40-year-old patient was admitted to the clinic complaining of pale skin, shortness of breath, weakness, dizziness, frequent nosebleeds and petechiae; over the past year, he had suffered from pneumonia several times. It is known from the anamnesis that the patient had worked at a nuclear power plant for a long time and participated in the liquidation of accidents at a nuclear power plant. Blood tests revealed pancytopenia. Aplastic anemia has been diagnosed. Name the pathogenetic mechanism of bone marrow cell formation disorders. 4.\A 41-year-old patient was admitted to the clinic complaining of pale skin, shortness of breath, weakness, dizziness, frequent nosebleeds and petechiae; over the past year, he had suffered from pneumonia several times. It is known from the anamnesis that the patient worked for a long time at a nuclear power plant and participated in the liquidation of accidents at a nuclear power plant. Blood tests revealed pancytopenia. Name the morphological method of examination indicated in this clinical case. 5.\A 45-year-old patient was admitted to the clinic complaining of pale skin, shortness of breath, weakness, dizziness, frequent nosebleeds and petechiae; over the past year, he had pneumonia several times. It is known from the anamnesis that the patient worked at a nuclear power plant for a long time, participated in the liquidation of accidents at a nuclear power plant, and was exposed to ionizing radiation. Blood tests revealed pancytopenia. Name the pathogenetic mechanisms of bone marrow cell proliferation and differentiation disorders in this patient. 6.\ Histological examination of the bone marrow of a patient who was exposed to ionizing radiation at a nuclear power plant revealed a large amount of adipose tissue, the content of which reached 90%. The number of myelokaryocytes in the bone marrow was sharply reduced, a delay in the maturation of cells of three hematopoietic sprouts was observed, stromal and lymphoid elements were encountered. Hematogenous cells were extremely poorly represented: erythroid and granulocytic precursors in small quantities. Megakaryocytes were absent. Name the disease 7.\A 43-year-old patient was admitted to the clinic complaining of pale skin, shortness of breath, weakness, dizziness, frequent nosebleeds and petechiae; over the past year, he had suffered from pneumonia several times. It is known from the anamnesis that the patient worked at a nuclear power plant for a long time and participated in the liquidation of accidents at a nuclear power plant. Clinical diagnosis: \"Aplastic anemia\" Name the changes in the bone marrow characteristic of this clinical case  8.\A 46-year-old patient was admitted to the clinic complaining of pale skin, shortness of breath, weakness, dizziness, frequent nosebleeds and petechiae; he had suffered from pneumonia several times over the past year. It is known from the anamnesis that the man had worked at a nuclear power plant for a long time and participated in the liquidation of accidents. Name the changes in the bone marrow characteristic of this disease 9.\ A patient who participated in the liquidation of accidents at a nuclear power plant, suffering from a complication of the underlying disease - pneumonia, during the study of peripheral blood revealed: severe normochromic anemia with a sharp decrease in hemoglobin concentration, the number of erythrocytes (0.7-2.5×10¹²/l), moderate anisocytosis with a tendency to macrocytosis and poikilocytosis; reticulocyte content of 0.3-0.9%; severe leukopenia with absolute neutropenia and relative lymphocytosis; left shift to myelocytes; no platelets; increased ESR. Diagnose the disease 10.\In a patient who participated in the liquidation of accidents at a nuclear power plant, suffering from complications of the underlying disease - pneumonia and hemorrhagic syndrome, the clinical symptoms are caused by tissue and organ hypoxia and severe thrombocytopenia (hemorrhagic manifestations). Name the cause of pneumonia 11.\ A patient who participated in the liquidation of accidents at a nuclear power plant was diagnosed with complications of the underlying disease - pneumonia and hemorrhagic syndrome (bleeding in the skin and mucous membranes). Name the cause of hemorrhagic syndrome 12.\A 43-year-old patient was admitted to the clinic with complaints of pale skin, shortness of breath, weakness, dizziness, frequent nosebleeds and petechiae, and had pneumonia several times over the past year. It is known from the anamnesis that the patient worked at a nuclear power plant for a long time and participated in the liquidation of accidents at a nuclear power plant. The clinical diagnosis is \"Aplastic anemia\". What is the most effective pathogenetic method of treating this patient? ВитВ12 деф А1 1.\ A 72-year-old female patient consulted a doctor complaining of pain and burning in the tongue, aversion to food, stool disturbance, numbness in the extremities and fatigue. The medical history revealed that the patient had undergone a subtotal gastrectomy for cancer several years ago. The blood test showed signs of anaemia. Name the type of anaemia: 2.\ A 68-year-old woman consulted a doctor complaining of pain and burning in the tongue, aversion to food, stool disturbances, numbness in the extremities and fatigue. Her medical history revealed that she had undergone a subtotal gastrectomy for cancer several years ago. The blood test showed signs of anaemia. Name the predisposing factor associated with the gastrectomy that caused impaired absorption of vitamin B12 and the development of megaloblastic anaemia: 3.\ A 70-year-old woman consulted a doctor complaining of pain and burning in the tongue, aversion to food, stool disturbance, numbness in the extremities and fatigue. Her medical history revealed that she had undergone a subtotal gastrectomy for cancer several years ago. The blood test showed signs of anaemia. State the consequence of the gastrectomy that led to megaloblastic anaemia in this clinical case: 4.\ A 69-year-old woman consulted a doctor complaining of pain and burning in the tongue, aversion to food, stool disturbance, numbness in the extremities and fatigue. The medical history revealed that the patient had undergone subtotal gastric resection for cancer several years ago. A blood test showed signs of megaloblastic anaemia. What is the cause of the anaemia? 5.\ Vitamin B12 deficiency is the most common cause of megaloblastic anaemia, which is associated with impaired DNA synthesis in young blood cells. These cells are called: 6\ The development of megaloblastic anaemia is facilitated by the disruption of the production of the intrinsic Castle factor in the stomach, which binds vitamin B12 from food, which is necessary for its absorption. Specify the mechanism of development of megaloblastic anaemia in subtotal gastric resection: 7.\ A patient with anaemia associated with gastric resection for cancer was found to have the following in his peripheral blood: macrocytic hyperchromic anaemia, reduced red blood cell count, increased mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin content, presence of giant hypersegmented neutrophils. State the type of anaemia: 8.\ In megaloblastic anaemia associated with vitamin B12 deficiency, the bone marrow is characterised by a megaloblastic type of haematopoiesis, characterised by... maturation of the nucleus and cytoplasm. Fill the gap: 9.\ In megaloblastic anaemia associated with vitamin B12 deficiency, the bone marrow has a \"raspberry jelly\" appearance. What causes this bone marrow change? 10.\ A patient suffering from megaloblastic anaemia associated with gastric resection for cancer was prescribed therapeutic doses of vitamin B12 to treat the anaemia and his condition improved. Confirmation that the anaemia was due to a deficiency of vitamin B12 in the body was provided by an increase in the number of certain blood cells. Name these cells: 11.\ A patient suffering from megaloblastic anaemia associated with gastric resection for cancer was given a diagnostic test -- oral administration of a small amount of radioactive B12. Analysis revealed low levels of radioactivity in the urine. State the pathogenetic mechanism involved in the development of anaemia: 12.\ Vitamin B12 is involved in the formation of tetrahydrofolate from N5-methyltetrahydrofolate. When this reaction fails in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia, thymidine formation is disrupted, DNA synthesis and cell division are slowed, and haematopoiesis becomes: 13.\ A patient with vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia develops a disorder of haematopoiesis due to a slowing of DNA synthesis in actively dividing bone marrow cells. Name the type of haematopoiesis in this type of anaemia: 14.\ In vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia, DNA synthesis is disrupted in all cells with high proliferative activity, so that haematopoiesis suffers and the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract develops rapidly: 15.\ Patients with vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia rapidly develop gastrointestinal pathology. List the diseases that are characteristic of this type of anaemia: 16.\ Vitamin B12 is involved in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine, and the vitamin derivative acts as a cofactor in the formation of succinyl-CoA. When this reaction fails, patients suffering from vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia experience disturbances in the metabolism of certain substances, these are: 17.\ In patients with vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia, the synthesis of fatty acids is disturbed, which contributes to neurological disorders. Name the pathological process that develops in the structures of the nervous system in this type of anaemia: 18.\ In patients with vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia, the synthesis of fatty acids is disturbed, which contributes to neurological disorders in the long pyramidal tracts, the posterior horns of the mid-thoracic spinal cord, the large peripheral nerves and the cerebral hemispheres. Name the pathological process that develops in the structures of the nervous system in this type of anaemia: ЖДА 1 1.\ Patient M, a 44-year-old man, consulted his doctor complaining of increasing weakness, frequent dizziness and shortness of breath. His medical history revealed that he had suffered from a duodenal ulcer for a long time and that he regularly had black stools. An examination shows a slight enlargement of the liver. Name the complication of the duodenal ulcer in this patient. 2.\ A 46-year-old man consulted his doctor complaining of increasing weakness, frequent dizziness and shortness of breath. The patient\'s medical history revealed a long history of duodenal ulcer and regular black stools. The examination revealed a slight enlargement of the liver. A blood test was performed to determine the number of red blood cells, haemoglobin, haematocrit, colour index, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin content, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, platelet count and serum iron level. What are the characteristic changes in serum haemoglobin and iron levels in this clinical case? 3.\ A 45-year-old man consulted his doctor complaining of increasing weakness, frequent dizziness and shortness of breath. The patient\'s medical history revealed a long history of duodenal ulcer and regular black stools. The examination revealed a slight enlargement of the liver. A blood smear showed: hypochromia of erythrocytes, poikilocytosis, anisocytosis with a tendency to microcytosis. Name the pathological process: 4.\ A 41-year-old man consulted his doctor complaining of increasing weakness, frequent dizziness and shortness of breath. The patient\'s medical history revealed a long history of duodenal ulcer and regular black stools. The examination revealed a slight enlargement of the liver. The blood smear showed: hypochromia of erythrocytes, poikilocytosis, anisocytosis with a tendency to microcytosis. State the pathological process in the liver in this clinical case: 5.\ A 42-year-old man consulted his doctor complaining of increasing weakness, frequent dizziness and shortness of breath. The patient\'s medical history revealed a long history of duodenal ulcer and regular black stools. The examination revealed a slight enlargement of the liver. A blood smear showed: hypochromia of erythrocytes, poikilocytosis, anisocytosis with a tendency to microcytosis. State the changes in haematopoiesis in this clinical case. 6.\ A 44-year-old man consulted his doctor complaining of increasing weakness, frequent dizziness and shortness of breath. The patient\'s medical history revealed a long history of duodenal ulcer and periodic black stools. The examination revealed a slight enlargement of the liver with fatty degeneration. A blood smear showed: hypochromia of erythrocytes, poikilocytosis, anisocytosis with a tendency to microcytosis. What is the cause of the fatty degeneration of the liver diagnosed in this patient? 7.\ A 44-year-old man consulted his doctor complaining of increasing weakness, frequent dizziness and shortness of breath. The patient\'s medical history revealed a long history of duodenal ulcer and regular black stools. The examination revealed a slight enlargement of the liver. A blood smear showed: hypochromia of erythrocytes, poikilocytosis, anisocytosis with a tendency to microcytosis. What is the cause of the development of foci of extramedullary haematopoiesis in this clinical case? 8.\ In iron deficiency anaemia, changes can be seen in the heart muscle, in the cells of the cortical and subcortical nuclei of the brain, and in the epidermis. Name these pathological changes: 9.\ In iron deficiency anaemia, increased vascular permeability in the stroma of organs can lead to: 10.\ In iron deficiency anemia, chronic hypoxia causes the development of: 11.\ In iron deficiency anaemia, fibrosis (excessive formation of coarse fibrous connective tissue) develops in the stroma of organs as a result of chronic hypoxia. Name the cells that play a major role in the development of fibrosis: ЛФХ1 1.\< question \> A 30-year-old patient consulted a doctor complaining of weight loss, itchy skin, and enlarged cervical lymph nodes. Examination revealed enlarged cervical nodes on only one side, other groups of lymph nodes and the spleen were normal. Blood tests showed signs of anemia, slight leukocytosis, lymphopenia, eosinophilia, and ESR 25 mm/h. What tests should be performed to make a differential diagnosis? 2.\< question \> Man, 31 years old, consulted a doctor with complaints of weight loss, itchy skin, enlarged cervical lymph nodes. Examination revealed enlarged cervical nodes only on one side, other groups of lymph nodes and the spleen - without features. Blood test showed signs of anemia, slight leukocytosis, lymphopenia, eosinophilia, ESR 28 mm/h. A histological specimen was obtained during a biopsy of the cervical lymph node. Diagnose the disease  3.\< question \> A 32-year-old man consulted a doctor complaining of weight loss, itchy skin, and enlarged cervical lymph nodes. Examination revealed enlarged cervical nodes on the left side of the neck, other groups of lymph nodes and the spleen were normal. Blood tests showed signs of anemia, moderate leukocytosis, lymphopenia, eosinophilia, and ESR of 30 mm/h. Histological specimens were obtained from a biopsy of the cervical lymph node. Diagnose the disease 4.\< question \> A 29-year-old patient consulted a doctor complaining of weight loss, itchy skin, and enlarged cervical lymph nodes. Examination revealed enlarged cervical nodes on only one side, other groups of lymph nodes and the spleen were not enlarged. Blood tests showed signs of anemia, slight leukocytosis, lymphopenia, eosinophilia, and ESR 22 mm /h. Name the tests that need to be performed to make a differential diagnosis.  5.\< question \>A 29-year-old patient consulted a doctor complaining of weight loss, itchy skin, and enlarged cervical lymph nodes. Examination revealed enlarged cervical nodes only on the left side. A biopsy was taken for diagnostic purposes: the lymph node biopsy revealed Reed- Sternberg and Hodgkin cells , blurred lymph node structure, infiltration by lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils and neutrophils, foci of necrosis and sclerosis. Diagnose the disease 6.\< question \>A 30-year-old patient consulted a doctor complaining of weight loss, itchy skin, and enlarged cervical lymph nodes. Examination revealed enlarged cervical nodes on only one side, other groups of lymph nodes and the spleen were normal. Blood tests showed signs of anemia, slight leukocytosis, lymphopenia, eosinophilia, and ESR 25 mm/h. Clinical diagnosis: «Lymphoma Hodgkin \'s disease». Name the stage of the process. 7.\< question \>A 29-year-old patient consulted a doctor complaining of weight loss, itchy skin, and enlarged cervical lymph nodes. Examination revealed enlarged cervical nodes only on the left side. A biopsy was taken for diagnostic purposes: Reed-Sternberg and Hodgkin cells were found in the lymph node biopsy, as well as blurred lymph node structure, infiltration by lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils. Classify the disease variant in this clinical case. 8.\< question \>A patient with an established clinical diagnosis of \"lymphoma Hodgkin\'s disease\", stage I, should be prescribed for effective treatment. МиелБ1 1.\< question \>A 50-year-old patient was admitted to the clinic due to a sharp pain in the spine that occurred when bending the body sharply. It is known from the anamnesis that weakness and fatigue have been increasing recently, and pain in the spine has appeared periodically. A general blood test shows an increase in ESR to 75 mm/h. A biochemical blood test shows an elevated creatinine level. A general urine test reveals proteinuria. Name the studies needed to conduct a differential diagnosis. 2.\< question \>A 50-year-old patient was admitted to the clinic due to a sharp pain in the spine that occurred when bending the body sharply. It is known from the anamnesis that weakness and fatigue have been increasing recently, and pain in the spine has appeared periodically. A general blood test shows an increase in ESR to 75 mm/h. A biochemical blood test shows an elevated creatinine level. A general urine test reveals proteinuria. An X-ray examination of the vertebrae and flat bones revealed «punch» defects caused by osteolysis or diffuse osteoporosis. Specify a preliminary diagnosis 3.\< question \>A 50-year-old patient was admitted to the clinic due to a sharp pain in the spine that occurred when bending the body sharply. It is known from the anamnesis that weakness and fatigue have been increasing recently, and pain in the spine has appeared periodically. A general blood test shows an increase in ESR to 75 mm / h. A biochemical blood test shows an increased creatinine level. A general urine test reveals proteinuria. An X-ray examination of the vertebrae and flat bones revealed «punch» defects caused by osteolysis or diffuse osteoporosis. The clinical diagnosis is «myeloma disease». Name the cause of bone pain and frequent pathological fractures in the diagnosed disease 4.\< question \>A 50-year-old patient was admitted to the clinic due to a sharp pain in the spine that occurred when bending the body sharply. It is known from the anamnesis that weakness and fatigue have been increasing recently, and pain in the spine has appeared periodically. A general blood test shows an increase in ESR to 75 mm/h. A biochemical blood test shows an elevated creatinine level. A general urine test reveals proteinuria. An X-ray examination of the vertebrae and flat bones revealed «punch» defects caused by osteolysis or diffuse osteoporosis. The clinical diagnosis is \"myeloma disease\". Name the cause of bone pain and frequent pathological fractures in the diagnosed disease. 5.\< question \> The patient was diagnosed with \"Myeloma disease\". Bone destruction was detected, which is caused by the interaction of myeloma cells and bone marrow stromal cells with the release of interleukins 1 and 6 - these are factors that activate cells - 5.\< question \> The patient was diagnosed with \"Myeloma disease\". Bone destruction was detected, which is caused by the interaction of myeloma, bone marrow stromal cells and osteoclast activation. Name the factors that activate osteoclasts 6.\< question \> The patient was diagnosed with \"Myeloma disease\". Bone destruction was detected, which is caused by the interaction of myeloma, bone marrow stromal cells and osteoclast activation. Name the change in bones under the influence of activated osteoclasts 6.\< question \> The patient was diagnosed with \"Myeloma disease\". Bone destruction was detected, which is caused by the interaction of myeloma, bone marrow stromal cells and osteoclast activation. Name the changes in blood parameters due to bone destruction 7.\< question \> The patient was diagnosed with \"Myeloma disease\". Bone destruction was detected, which is caused by the interaction of myeloma, bone marrow stromal cells and osteoclast activation. Name the changes in blood parameters due to bone destruction 8.\< question \>A 50-year-old patient was admitted to the clinic due to a sharp pain in the spine that occurred when bending the body sharply. It is known from the anamnesis that weakness and fatigue have been increasing recently, and pain in the spine has appeared periodically. A general blood test shows an increase in ESR to 75 mm/h. A biochemical blood test shows an elevated creatinine level. A general urine test reveals proteinuria, a high content of the M-component - a monoclonal immunoglobulin synthesized by a clone of tumor cells. Clinical diagnosis - \"Myeloma disease\". Name the components of the monoclonal antigen 9.\< question \>A 48-year-old patient was admitted to the clinic due to a sharp pain in the spine that occurred when bending the body sharply. It is known from the anamnesis that weakness and fatigue have been increasing recently, and pain in the spine has appeared periodically. A general blood test shows an increase in ESR to 72 mm/h. A biochemical blood test shows an increased creatinine level, and a high content of the M-component in the serum - a monoclonal immunoglobulin synthesized by a clone of tumor cells. A general urine test revealed proteinuria. The clinical diagnosis is \"Myeloma disease\". Name the components of the monoclonal antigen 10.\< question \>A 52-year-old patient was admitted to the clinic due to a sharp pain in the spine that occurred when bending the body sharply. It is known from the anamnesis that weakness and fatigue have been increasing recently, pain in the spine has appeared periodically, and recurrent bacterial and viral infections have occurred. A general blood test shows an increase in ESR to 70 mm/h. A biochemical blood test shows an elevated creatinine level. A general urine test reveals proteinuria. The clinical diagnosis is \"Myeloma disease\". What is the cause of recurrent infectious diseases? 11.\< question \>A 49-year-old patient was admitted to the clinic due to a sharp pain in the spine that occurred when bending the body sharply. It is known from the anamnesis that weakness and fatigue have been increasing recently, pain in the spine has appeared periodically, and bacterial and viral infections have recurred. A general blood test shows an increase in ESR to 76 mm/h. A biochemical blood test shows an increased creatinine level. A general urine test reveals proteinuria. The clinical diagnosis is \"Myeloma disease\". Name one of the diagnostic criteria determined in the bone marrow. 12.\< question \>A 53-year-old patient was admitted to the clinic due to a sharp pain in the spine that occurred when bending the body sharply. It is known from the anamnesis that weakness and fatigue have been increasing recently, pain in the spine has appeared periodically, and there have been repeated bacterial and viral infections. A general blood test shows an increase in ESR to 72 mm/h. A biochemical blood test shows an increased creatinine level. A general urine test reveals proteinuria. The clinical diagnosis is \"Myeloma disease\". Name one of the diagnostic criteria determined by a histological examination of organs and tissues. 13.\< question \>The patient died of uremia due to renal amyloidosis. Autopsy revealed: in the bone marrow - plasmacytosis (10-30%), histological confirmation of plasma cell infiltration, aggregation of erythrocytes in the smear in the form of «coin columns». Diagnose the disease 14.\< question \>A 49-year-old patient was admitted to the clinic due to a sharp pain in the spine that occurred when bending the body sharply. It is known from the anamnesis that weakness and fatigue have been increasing recently, and pain in the spine has appeared periodically. A blood test revealed: high ESR, increased creatinine levels, cryoglobulinemia, hypercalcemia, and red blood cell aggregation in a smear in the form of «coin columns». A general urine analysis revealed proteinuria. An X-ray examination revealed «punch» defects in the vertebrae and flat bones caused by osteolysis. Diagnose the disease 15.\< question \>A 48-year-old patient was admitted to the clinic due to sharp pain in the spine that occurred when bending the body sharply. An X-ray examination revealed «punch» defects in the vertebrae and flat bones caused by osteolysis. A blood test revealed: high ESR, increased creatinine levels, cryoglobulinemia, hypercalcemia, and red blood cell aggregation in a smear in the form of «coin columns». A general urine analysis revealed proteinuria - the result of excessive synthesis and secretion of free monoclonal light protein chains. Specify the causes of proteinuria 16.\< question \>The patient died of uremia due to renal amyloidosis. Autopsy revealed: in the bone marrow - plasmacytosis (10-30%), histological confirmation of plasma cell infiltration, aggregation of erythrocytes in the smear in the form of «coin columns»; in the kidneys: formation of cylinders in the tubules, epithelial atrophy, stromal sclerosis. Name the kidney in this disease 17.\< question \> The patient died of uremia. Autopsy revealed: in the bone marrow - plasmacytosis (10-30%), histological confirmation of plasma cell infiltration, aggregation of erythrocytes in the smear in the form of «coin columns»; in the kidneys: formation of cylinders in the tubules, epithelial atrophy, stromal sclerosis. Name the missing morphological feature that is present in the kidneys in this clinical case 18.\< question \> The patient was diagnosed with \"Myeloma disease\". X-ray revealed bone destruction and calcareous metastases in the kidney. Name the cause of calcareous metastases in the kidney ОМЛ1 1.\< question \>A 66-year-old female patient consulted a doctor complaining of weakness, fever, headache, and nosebleeds. Examination revealed hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Peripheral blood test: red blood cell count 3.4 × 10¹²/l; hemoglobin 105 g/l; leukocytes 38.1 × 10 ⁹ /l, platelets 11 × 10 ⁹ /l. Leukocyte count: blasts 86%; band neutrophils - 1%; segmented neutrophils - 1%; lymphocytes - 1%. Chemotherapy was administered, but despite the treatment, the patient died with signs of cerebral hemorrhage. Name the disease 2.\< question \>During examination of the patient, an increased number of leukocytes in combination with anemia and thrombocytopenia were revealed in the peripheral blood tests. What is the probable diagnosis? 3.\< question \> During examination of the patient, peripheral blood tests revealed an increased number of leukocytes in combination with anemia and thrombocytopenia; the presence of blast forms of leukocytes in the peripheral blood with a simultaneous decrease in the number of mature forms; the absence of younger forms of leukocytes (leukemic gap). What is the diagnosis? 4.\< question \>A 58-year-old patient consulted a doctor complaining of weakness, fever, headache, and nosebleeds. Examination revealed hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Peripheral blood test: red blood cell count 3.4 × 10¹²/l; hemoglobin 105 g/l; leukocytes 38.1 × 10 ⁹ /l, platelets 11 × 10 ⁹ /l. Leukocyte count: blasts 86%; band neutrophils - 1%; segmented neutrophils - 1%; lymphocytes - 1%. What additional cytochemical reactions should be used to clarify the histogenesis of leukemia? 5.\< question \>A 48-year-old patient consulted a doctor complaining of weakness, fever, headache, and nosebleeds. Examination revealed hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Peripheral blood test: red blood cell count 3.4 × 10¹²/l; hemoglobin 105 g/l; leukocytes 38.1 × 10 ⁹ /l, platelets 11 × 10 ⁹ /l. Leukocyte count: blasts 86%; band neutrophils - 1%; segmented neutrophils - 1%; lymphocytes - 1%. What additional cytochemical reactions should be used to clarify the histogenesis of leukemia? 6.\< question \>A 65-year-old patient consulted a doctor complaining of weakness, fever, headache, and nosebleeds. Examination revealed hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Peripheral blood test: red blood cell count 3.4 × 10¹²/l; hemoglobin 105 g/l; leukocytes 38.1 × 10 ⁹ /l, platelets 11 × 10 ⁹ /l. White blood cell count: blasts 86%; band neutrophils - 1%; segmented neutrophils - 1%; lymphocytes - 1%. What additional cytochemical reactions should be used to clarify the histogenesis of leukemia? 7.\< question \>A 60-year-old female patient consulted a doctor complaining of weakness, fever, headache, and nosebleeds. An examination of the peripheral blood revealed an increased number of leukocytes in combination with anemia and thrombocytopenia: erythrocytes 3.4 × 10¹²/l; hemoglobin 105 g/l; leukocytes 38.1 × 10 ⁹ /l, platelets 11 × 10 ⁹ /l. Leukocyte formula: blasts 86%; band neutrophils - 1%; segmented neutrophils - 1%; lymphocytes - 1%. The clinical diagnosis is \"Acute leukemia\". Indicate the cause of the patient\'s weakness 7.\< question \>A 60-year-old female patient consulted a doctor complaining of weakness, fever, headache, and nosebleeds. An examination of the peripheral blood revealed an increased number of leukocytes in combination with anemia and thrombocytopenia: erythrocytes - 3.4 × 10¹²/l; hemoglobin 105 g/l; leukocytes 38.1 × 10 ⁹ /l, platelets 11 × 10 ⁹ /l. Leukocyte formula: blasts 86%; band neutrophils - 1%; segmented neutrophils - 1%; lymphocytes - 1%. The clinical diagnosis is \"Acute leukemia\". Specify the cause of nosebleeds 8.\< question \> A patient with an established clinical diagnosis of \"Acute myeloblastic leukemia\" complained of weakness, fever, headache, and nosebleeds. Examination revealed hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Specify the cause of liver enlargement. 9.\< question \> A patient with an established clinical diagnosis of \"Acute myeloblastic leukemia\" complained of weakness, fever, headache, and nosebleeds. Examination revealed hepatomegaly and splenomegaly due to tumor cell proliferation. Specify another cause of liver enlargement 10.\< question \> A patient with an established clinical diagnosis of \"Acute myeloblastic leukemia\" complained of weakness, fever, headache, and nosebleeds. Examination revealed hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Specify the cause of the headache. 11.\< question \> A patient with an established clinical diagnosis of \"Acute myeloblastic leukemia\" has been diagnosed with the development of neuroleukemia. To confirm the diagnosis, a morphological study of cerebrospinal fluid smears was performed. A study of the cerebrospinal fluid confirmed the presence of neuroleukemia. Specify the indicators that confirmed the diagnosis. 12.\< question \>A 46-year-old woman consulted a doctor complaining of weakness, fever, headache, and nosebleeds. Examination revealed hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Peripheral blood test: red blood cell count 3.4 × 10¹²/l; hemoglobin 105 g/l; leukocytes 38.1 × 10 ⁹ /l, platelets 11 × 10 ⁹ /l. Leukocyte count: blasts 86%; band neutrophils - 1%; segmented neutrophils - 1%; lymphocytes - 1%. Chemotherapy was administered, but despite the treatment, the patient died with signs of cerebral hemorrhage. Name one of the causes of cerebral hemorrhage 13.\< question \>A 58-year-old woman consulted a doctor complaining of weakness, fever, headache, and nosebleeds. Examination revealed hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Peripheral blood test: red blood cell count 3.4 × 10¹²/l; hemoglobin 105 g/l; leukocytes 38.1 × 10 ⁹ /l, platelets 11 × 10 ⁹ /l. White blood cell count: blasts 86%; band neutrophils - 1%; segmented neutrophils - 1%; lymphocytes - 1%. Chemotherapy was administered, but despite the treatment, the patient died with signs of cerebral hemorrhage. Name one of the causes of cerebral hemorrhage 14.\< question \>A 56-year-old woman consulted a doctor complaining of weakness, fever, headache, and nosebleeds. Examination revealed hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Peripheral blood test: red blood cell count 3.4 × 10¹²/l; hemoglobin 105 g/l; leukocytes 38.1 × 10 ⁹ /l, platelets 11 × 10 ⁹ /l. White blood cell count: blasts 86%; band neutrophils - 1%; segmented neutrophils - 1%; lymphocytes - 1%. Chemotherapy was administered, but despite the treatment, the patient died with signs of cerebral hemorrhage. Name one of the causes of cerebral hemorrhage 14.\< question \> A patient with suspected systemic malignant blood disease complained of weakness, fever, headache, and nosebleeds. Examination revealed hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. In order to clarify the diagnosis, a sternal puncture and histological examination of the smear were performed. Specify the diagnosis 15.\< question \> A patient with suspected leukemia complained of weakness, fever, headache, and nosebleeds. Examination revealed hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. In order to clarify the diagnosis, a sternal puncture and histological examination of the smear were performed. Name these cells found in the smear.  16.\< question \> A patient diagnosed with acute leukemia complained of weakness, fever, headache, and nosebleeds. Examination revealed hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. A sternal puncture and histological examination of the biopsy were performed to clarify the diagnosis. Name the changes found in the bone marrow. ХЛЛ1 1.\< question \> A 65-year-old female patient was admitted to hospital with pneumonia that was not amenable to outpatient treatment after repeated acute respiratory viral infections. Examination revealed enlargement of the liver, spleen, cervical and para-aortic lymph nodes. Blood test: erythrocytes - 3.8 × 10¹²/l; Hb - 105 g/l; leukocytes - 77.2 × 10 ⁹ /l; platelets - 212 × 10 ⁹ /l. Leukocyte formula: band neutrophils - 2%; segmented neutrophils - 12%; prolymphocytes -3%; lymphocytes - 83%. Establish a diagnosis based on clinical signs and blood picture 2.\< question \> A 66-year-old female patient was admitted to hospital with pneumonia that was not amenable to outpatient treatment after repeated acute respiratory viral infections. Examination revealed enlarged liver, spleen, cervical and para-aortic lymph nodes. Blood test: erythrocytes - 3.8 × 10¹²/l; Hb - 105 g/l; leukocytes - 77.2 × 10 ⁹ /l; platelets - 212 × 10 ⁹ /l. Leukocyte formula: band neutrophils - 2%; segmented neutrophils - 12%; prolymphocytes -3%; lymphocytes - 83%. Clinical diagnosis: «Chronic lymphocytic leukemia». Name the pathognomonic sign of this disease. 3.\< question \> A 66-year-old female patient was admitted to hospital with pneumonia that was not amenable to outpatient treatment after repeated acute respiratory viral infections. Examination revealed enlargement of the liver, spleen, cervical and para-aortic lymph nodes. Blood test: erythrocytes - 3.8 × 10¹²/l; Hb - 105 g/l; leukocytes - 77.2 × 10 ⁹ /l; platelets - 212 × 10 ⁹ /l. Leukocyte formula: band neutrophils - 2%; segmented neutrophils - 12%; prolymphocytes -3%; lymphocytes - 83%. Clinical diagnosis: «Chronic lymphocytic leukemia». Name the cause of hematopoiesis disorder and moderate anemia 4.\< question \>A 66-year-old female patient was admitted to hospital with pneumonia that was not amenable to outpatient treatment after repeated acute respiratory viral infections. Examination revealed enlargement of the liver, spleen, cervical and para-aortic lymph nodes. Blood test: Erythrocytes - 3.8 × 10¹²/l; Hb - 105 g/l; Leukocytes - 77.2 × 10 ⁹ /l; Platelets - 212 × 10 ⁹ /l. Leukocyte formula: band neutrophils - 2%; segmented neutrophils - 12%; prolymphocytes -3%; lymphocytes - 83%. Clinical diagnosis: «Chronic lymphocytic leukemia». Name the cause of hematopoiesis disorder and thrombocytopenia 5.\< question \>A 66-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital with pneumonia that did not respond to outpatient treatment after repeated acute respiratory viral infections. Examination revealed enlargement of the liver, spleen, cervical and para-aortic lymph nodes. Blood test: erythrocytes - 3.8 × 10¹²/l; Hb - 105 g/l; leukocytes - 77.2 × 10 ⁹ /l; platelets - 212 × 10 ⁹ /l. Leukocyte count: band neutrophils - 2%; segmented neutrophils - 12%; prolymphocytes -3%; lymphocytes - 83%. Preliminary clinical diagnosis: «Chronic lymphocytic leukemia». What tests are needed to confirm the diagnosis? 6.\< question \>A 66-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital with pneumonia that did not respond to outpatient treatment after repeated acute respiratory viral infections. Examination revealed enlargement of the liver, spleen, cervical and para-aortic lymph nodes. Blood test: erythrocytes - 3.8 × 10¹²/l; Hb - 105 g/l; leukocytes - 77.2 × 10 ⁹ /l; platelets - 212 × 10 ⁹ /l. Leukocyte count: band neutrophils - 2%; segmented neutrophils - 12%; prolymphocytes -3%; lymphocytes - 83%. Preliminary clinical diagnosis: «Chronic lymphocytic leukemia». What tests are needed to confirm the diagnosis? 7.\< question \>A 66-year-old female patient was admitted to hospital with pneumonia that was not amenable to outpatient treatment after repeated acute respiratory viral infections. Examination revealed enlarged liver, spleen, cervical and para-aortic lymph nodes. Blood test: erythrocytes - 3.8 × 10¹²/l; Hb - 105 g/l; leukocytes - 77.2 × 10 ⁹ /l; platelets - 212 × 10 ⁹ /l. Leukocyte formula: band neutrophils - 2%; segmented neutrophils - 12%; prolymphocytes -3%; lymphocytes - 83%. Clinical diagnosis: «Chronic lymphocytic leukemia». Name the pathognomonic sign of this disease. 8.\< question \> A 66-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital with pneumonia that did not respond to outpatient treatment after repeated acute respiratory viral infections. Examination revealed enlargement of the liver, spleen, cervical and para-aortic lymph nodes. Blood test: erythrocytes - 3.8 × 10¹²/l; Hb - 105 g/l; leukocytes - 77.2 × 10 ⁹ /l; platelets - 212 × 10 ⁹ /l. Leukocyte formula: band neutrophils - 2%; segmented neutrophils - 12%; prolymphocytes -3%; lymphocytes - 83%. Name the cause of enlarged lymph nodes 9.\< question \>A 66-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital with pneumonia that did not respond to outpatient treatment after repeated acute respiratory viral infections. Examination revealed enlargement of the liver, spleen, cervical and para-aortic lymph nodes. Blood test: erythrocytes - 3.8 × 10¹²/l; Hb - 105 g/l; leukocytes - 77.2 × 10 ⁹ /l; platelets - 212 × 10 ⁹ /l. Leukocyte formula: band neutrophils - 2%; segmented neutrophils - 12%; prolymphocytes -3%; lymphocytes - 83%. To clarify the diagnosis, a cervical lymph node was taken for biopsy. Macroscopic examination revealed that the lymph node was enlarged, the boundary between the cortex and medulla was preserved. Establish a diagnosis 10.\< question \>A 66-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital with pneumonia that did not respond to outpatient treatment after repeated acute respiratory viral infections. Examination revealed enlargement of the liver, spleen, cervical and para-aortic lymph nodes. The preliminary diagnosis was «Chronic lymphocytic leukemia». To clarify the diagnosis, a cervical lymph node was taken for biopsy. Macroscopic examination revealed that the lymph node was enlarged, the border between the cortex and medulla was preserved. Name the disease with which chronic lymphocytic leukemia should be differentiated. 11.\< question \>A 66-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital with pneumonia that did not respond to outpatient treatment after repeated acute respiratory viral infections. Examination revealed enlargement of the liver, spleen, cervical and para-aortic lymph nodes. Blood test: erythrocytes - 3.8 × 10¹²/l; Hb - 105 g/l; leukocytes - 77.2 × 10 ⁹ /l; platelets - 212 × 10 ⁹ /l. Leukocyte formula: band neutrophils - 2%; segmented neutrophils - 12%; prolymphocytes -3%; lymphocytes - 83%. Name the cause of hepatosplenomegaly 12.\< question \>A 66-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital with pneumonia that did not respond to outpatient treatment after repeated acute respiratory viral infections. Examination revealed enlargement of the liver, spleen, cervical and para-aortic lymph nodes. Blood test: erythrocytes - 3.8 × 10¹²/l; Hb - 105 g/l; leukocytes - 77.2 × 10 ⁹ /l; platelets - 212 × 10 ⁹ /l. Leukocyte formula: band neutrophils - 2%; segmented neutrophils - 12%; prolymphocytes -3%; lymphocytes - 83%. Based on clinical and microscopic data, establish a diagnosis  13.\< question \>A 66-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital with pneumonia that was not amenable to outpatient treatment after repeated acute respiratory viral infections. Examination revealed enlargement of the liver, spleen, cervical and para-aortic lymph nodes. Preliminary clinical diagnosis is «Chronic lymphocytic leukemia». According to microscopy data, indicate the localization of tumor infiltrates 14.\< question \> Bacterial, viral and fungal infections are typical for the late stages of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Specify the cause of predisposition to infections 15.\< question \>A 66-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital with pneumonia that did not respond to outpatient treatment after repeated acute respiratory viral infections. Examination revealed enlargement of the liver, spleen, cervical and para-aortic lymph nodes. Blood test: erythrocytes - 3.8 × 10¹²/l; Hb - 105 g/l; leukocytes - 77.2 × 10 ⁹ /l; platelets - 212 × 10 ⁹ /l. Leukocyte formula: band neutrophils - 2%; segmented neutrophils - 12%; prolymphocytes -3%; lymphocytes - 83%. Name the cause of pneumonia and repeated acute respiratory viral infections ХМЛ1 1.\< question \>A 47-year-old woman consulted a doctor complaining of pallor, increasing weakness, periodic bone pain, heaviness in the left hypochondrium, and recurring pneumonia. The examination revealed hepatosplenomegaly. In the peripheral blood analysis: the number of erythrocytes is 3.41 × 10¹²/l; leukocytes 41.1 × 10 ⁹ /l; Hb 78 g/l; platelets - 435 × 10 ⁹ /l. Leukocyte formula: blasts - 8%, myelocytes - 28%, metamyelocytes - 10%, band neutrophils - 5%, segmented neutrophils - 30%, basophils - 5%, eosinophils - 1%, monocytes - 4%, lymphocytes - 9%. Diagnose the disease 2.\< question \>A 45-year-old woman consulted a doctor complaining of pallor, increasing weakness, periodic bone pain, heaviness in the left hypochondrium, and recurring pneumonia. The examination revealed hepatosplenomegaly. In the analysis of peripheral blood: neutrophilic leukocytosis with a shift to myelocytes and the presence of up to 8% blasts. Name the disease that clinical data and blood test results allow us to suspect 3.\< question \> A 45-year-old woman consulted a doctor complaining of pallor, increasing weakness, periodic bone pain, heaviness in the left hypochondrium, and recurring pneumonia. The examination revealed hepatosplenomegaly. In the analysis of peripheral blood: neutrophilic leukocytosis with a shift to myelocytes and the presence of up to 7% blasts, an increase in the number of basophils and eosinophils, a normal number of platelets, minor anemia. Clinical diagnosis: \"Chronic myeloid leukemia\". Name the difference in blood tests between chronic leukemia and myeloid reaction 4.\< question \>A 47-year-old woman consulted a doctor complaining of pallor, increasing weakness, periodic bone pain, heaviness in the left hypochondrium, and recurring pneumonia. The examination revealed hepatosplenomegaly. In the peripheral blood analysis: the number of erythrocytes is 3.2 × 10¹²/l; leukocytes 42.0 × 10 ⁹ /l; Hb 80 g/l; platelets - 445 × 10 ⁹ /l. Leukocyte formula: blasts - 8%, myelocytes - 28%, metamyelocytes - 10%, band neutrophils - 5%, segmented neutrophils - 30%, basophils - 5%, eosinophils - 1%, monocytes - 4%, lymphocytes - 9%. Preliminary diagnosis: \"Chronic myeloid leukemia\". Name the bone marrow changes characteristic of chronic myeloid leukemia that allow you to clarify the diagnosis and stage of the disease. 5.\< question \>A patient with suspected malignant neoplasm of the blood underwent sternal puncture with biopsy for diagnostic purposes. The biopsy study revealed: hypercellular bone marrow, blast count of about 5%, normal megakaryocyte count, decreased erythroid count, increased eosinophil count. Establish a diagnosis based on this description of the biopsy study 6.\< question \>В myelogram of a patient suffering from a blood disorder revealed: hypercellular bone marrow, blast count of about 5%, normal megakaryocyte count, decreased erythroid count, increased eosinophil count. There are pseudo-Gaucher-like cells. Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase activity is low. Low blast count. Establish a diagnosis based on this biopsy study description 7.\< question \>A patient with suspected myeloproliferative disease of the blood system, gene analysis revealed proliferation of bone marrow cells associated with a characteristic chromosomal translocation 9;22 (Philadelphia chromosome). What is the diagnosis? 8.\< question \>The marker of the tumor clone in this blood disease is the Philadelphia chromosome (translocation 9;22) with the formation of the chimeric gene bcr / abl. Name the bone marrow cells where the abnormal chromosome is found 9.\< question \>В myelogram of a patient suffering from chronic myeloid leukemia revealed: hypercellular bone marrow, blast count of about 55%. Name the stage of the disease 10.\< question \>В myelogram of a patient suffering from chronic myeloid leukemia revealed: hypercellular bone marrow, blast count of about 19%. Name the stage of the disease 10.\< question \>В myelogram of a patient suffering from chronic myeloid leukemia revealed: hypercellular bone marrow, the number of myeloblasts up to 10%. Name the stage of the disease 11.\< question \>A 47-year-old woman consulted a doctor complaining of pallor, increasing weakness, periodic bone pain, heaviness in the left hypochondrium, and recurring pneumonia. The examination revealed hepatosplenomegaly. Myelogram revealed: hypercellular bone marrow, myeloblast count of about 8%, normal megakaryocyte count, decreased erythroid count, increased eosinophil count. There are pseudo-Gaucher-like cells. Alkaline phosphatase activity in neutrophils is absent. Name the cause of liver enlargement in this disease 12.\< question \>A 47-year-old woman consulted a doctor complaining of pallor, increasing weakness, periodic bone pain, heaviness in the left hypochondrium, and recurring pneumonia. The examination revealed hepatosplenomegaly. Myelogram revealed: hypercellular bone marrow, myeloblast count of about 8%, normal megakaryocyte count, decreased erythroid count, increased eosinophil count. There are pseudo-Gaucher-like cells. Alkaline phosphatase activity in neutrophils is absent. Name the cause of spleen enlargement in this disease 13.\< question \>A 47-year-old woman consulted a doctor complaining of pallor, increasing weakness, periodic bone pain, heaviness in the left hypochondrium, and recurring pneumonia. The myelogram revealed hypercellular bone marrow, myeloblast count of about 8%, normal megakaryocyte count, decreased erythroid count, increased eosinophil count. There are pseudo-Gaucher-like cells. Alkaline phosphatase activity in neutrophils is low. What is the cause of recurrent pneumonia in this disease? 15.\< question \>A 47-year-old woman consulted a doctor complaining of pallor, increasing weakness, periodic bone pain, heaviness in the left hypochondrium, and recurring pneumonia. The myelogram revealed hypercellular bone marrow, myeloblast count of about 8%, normal megakaryocyte count, decreased erythroid count, increased eosinophil count. There are pseudo-Gaucher-like cells. Alkaline phosphatase activity in neutrophils is absent. What is the cause of recurrent pneumonia in this disease? 16.\< question \>The patient died of terminal chronic leukemia due to blast crisis. Make a conclusion on the macroscopic bone marrow specimen obtained during autopsy.  17.\< question \>Based on this blood smear, where all forms of myeloid cells are visible - myeloblasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes (young), rod-shaped forms and mature neutrophils, establish a diagnosis 18.\< question \>A patient with suspected malignant blood neoplasm underwent sternal puncture with biopsy for diagnostic purposes. According to this micropreparation, name the cell marked with the number \"1\".  20.\< question \>In a patient with suspected leukemia, gene analysis using **fluorescent** **in situ** **hybridization revealed** [[ ]](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_in_situ) **situ**, bone marrow cell proliferation associated with a characteristic chromosomal translocation 9;22 was detected. What is the diagnosis? Филадельфийская хромосома, флюоресцентная гибридизация in situ ХМЛ3 1.\< question \>Patient K., 67 years old, complained of weakness and weight loss. A feeling of heaviness in the left and right hypochondrium. During the examination, hepatosplenomegaly. In the peripheral blood: the number of erythrocytes is 2.7 × 10¹²/l, Hb 81 g/l, leukocytes 56.3 × 10 ⁹ /l, platelets 226 × 10 ⁹ /l. Leukocyte formula: blasts - 48%, promyelocytes - 3%, myelocytes - 6%, metamyelocytes - 1%, band neutrophils - 3%, segmented neutrophils - 30%, basophils - 9%. Name the disease that can be diagnosed based on the clinical picture and blood test results 2.\< question \>Patient K., 67 years old, complained of weakness and weight loss. A feeling of heaviness in the left and right hypochondrium. During the examination, hepatosplenomegaly. In the peripheral blood: the number of erythrocytes is 2.7 × 10¹²/l, Hb 81 g/l, leukocytes 56.3 × 10 ⁹ /l, platelets 226 × 10 ⁹ /l. Leukocyte formula: blasts - 48%, promyelocytes - 3%, myelocytes - 6%, metamyelocytes - 1%, band neutrophils - 3%, segmented neutrophils - 30%, basophils - 9%. Name the stage of the disease 3.\< question \>A patient suffering from leukemia underwent a sternal puncture to examine the bone marrow myelogram. Microscopic examination of the material revealed a large number of blasts in the presence of promyelocytes, myelocytes and metamyelocytes. Name the disease 4.\< question \>В myelogram of a female patient suffering from chronic myeloid leukemia revealed blasts of about 48%. Name the stage of the disease 5.\< question \> A patient diagnosed with chronic myelogenous leukemia has signs of extramedullary hematopoiesis with proliferation of blast cells in the skin, bones, nervous system and other organs. What is the stage of the disease? 6.\< question \>The patient died of terminal leukemia. A macroscopic specimen was obtained from the bone marrow autopsy, the conclusion was: \"Pyoid bone marrow\". Establish a diagnosis based on the macroscopic specimen of the bone marrow.  7.\< question \>The patient died of terminal leukemia. An autopsy revealed that the liver was enlarged, histological examination revealed steatosis and extramedullary hematopoiesis with blast cells along the sinusoids. Establish a diagnosis 8.\< question \>Cytochemical studies and immunophenotyping were used to identify the nature of tumor cells in a patient suffering from leukemia. The resulting analysis using myeloperoxyase staining revealed a positive reaction. Differentiate the type of leukemia based on this blood smear