ICLASS+ Volume 1: Volcanoes (Philippines) PDF

9 Interactive Contextualized Learning Activity Sheets in Science with ICT Integration VOLUME 1: Volcanoes CHRISTIAN ERROL P. ALARBA JOHN EDSEL G. CERBAS MARYFUL GRACE C. PABIONA Illustrator Writers  Pu...

9 Interactive Contextualized Learning Activity Sheets in Science with ICT Integration VOLUME 1: Volcanoes CHRISTIAN ERROL P. ALARBA JOHN EDSEL G. CERBAS MARYFUL GRACE C. PABIONA Illustrator Writers  Published by the LEARNING RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM (LRMDS) Department of Education Region VI – Western Visayas SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASSI CITY Simeon Aguilar Street, Passi City, Iloilo Copyright 2022 Section 9 of Presidential Decree No. 49 provides: “No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Republic of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency of office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.” This material has been developed under the K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum supervised and monitored by the Curriculum Implementation Division (CID) of the Department of Education - Schools Division of Passi City. It can be reproduced for educational purposes and the source must be clearly acknowledged. The material may be modified for the purpose of translation into another language but the original work must be acknowledged. Derivatives of the work including creating an edited version, an enhancement or a supplementary work are permitted provided all original work is acknowledged and the copyright is attributed. No work may be derived from this material for commercial purposes and profit. iCLASS+: Interactive Contextualized Learning Activity Sheets in Science with ICT Integration Supplementary Material for Science 9 CHRISTIAN ERROL P. ALARBA MARYFUL GRACE C. PABIONA JOHN EDSEL G. CERBAS Writers Illustrator Language/Content Editors: NOREME P. PALOMILLO EdD Education Program Supervisor in Science Division LRMDS Team: JOHN MARK Q. APELLADO MARGIELYN S. MACALALAG DEXTER P. DIERGOS Project Development Officer II Librarian II Education Program Supervisor Approved for the Use of the Schools Division: MA. NILMA E. CASAMAYOR LUZ U. BANSON EdD, CESE Chief Education Supervisor OIC-Asst. Schools Division Superintendent MA. ROSELYN J. PALCAT EdD, CESO VI Schools Division Superintendent This first digital edition has been produced for print and online/offline distribution within the Department of Education, Philippines via the Learning Resources Management Development System (LRMDS) of the Schools Division of Passi City. http://lrmds.deped.gov.ph i  Preface Our country is one of the last countries to reopen its schools due to the COVID- 19 pandemic, resulting in learning losses which have been particularly detrimental across subject areas where foundational concepts and learning competencies are, if not all, acquired. These learning losses must be addressed on priority because if left unchecked, these gaps may stockpile throughout the years. Thus, a banner program has been conceived by the Schools Division of Passi City to bridge these gaps—DREAM+ (Dedicated Reading for Excellence and Acuity in Mathematics). With DREAM+, all programs, innovations, interventions and scaffolding strategies across all learning areas aim to improve academic performance of learners. iCLASS+ or Interactive Contextualized Learning Activity Sheets in Science with ICT Integration is a compendium of learning activity sheets in Science 9 (Earth and Space) where each topic is accompanied by educational video lessons which can be accessed through a QR code. Project Sci DATS (Science Diagnostic Assessment and Target Setting) and Project EMERON (EMErgency Response On Non-achievers) are two programs in Science that support the division banner program, DREAM+ (Dedicated for Reading Excellence and Acuity in Mathematics) where iCLASS+ is anchored. The effectiveness of the program, specifically Science instruction is quarterly monitored through Kumustahan sa Siyensya, a one-day collaborative discussion among the Science teachers in the Schools Division of Passi City. This book is divided into three volumes based on the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs) in Science 9. For Volume 1: Volcanoes, the most essential learning competencies are describe the different types of volcanoes and volcanic eruption), explain what happens when volcanoes erupt (S9ES - IIIb -28), and illustrate how energy from volcanoes may be tapped for human use (S9ES – IIIc - d -29). Through this supplementary material, it is expected that our goal to improve the academic performance of learners across learning areas, especially in Science, through developmental and scaffolding strategies will be achieved. Our losses will be part of our learning experience, giving us room for improvement and refine our existing practices as we move forward in the post-pandemic era. ii  Table of Contents Lesson 1 Volcano Pretest 2 Word Drill 3 Volcano 3 Parts of Volcano 4 Types of Volcano 4 Types of Volcanic Eruption 5 Activity 1: “Volcano Concept Map” 7 Activity 2: “My Majestic Volcano” 9 Activity 3: “Describe It” 10 Post Test 11 Lesson 2 Energy from the Volcano Pretest 14 Word Drill 15 Materials Ejected from the Volcano 15 Magma Viscosity, Temperature, and Gas Content 18 Energy from the Volcano 19 Activity 1: “Under Pressure” 19 Activity 2: “Viscosity Race” 20 Activity 3: “Transformation of Geothermal Energy” 21 Post Test 23 Lesson 3 Volcanic Eruption Preparedness Pretest 26 Word Drill 27 Signs of an Impending Volcanic Eruption 28 Staying Safe Before, During and After a Volcanic 29 Eruption Before the Volcanic Eruption 29 iii During the Volcanic Eruption 30 After the Volcanic Eruption 30 Activity 1: “My Ready-To-Go Kit” 31 Activity 2: “My Erupting Volcano” 32 Post Test 33 Answers to the Post Test 35 References 36 iv  Lesson 1: VOLCANO Eruption To access and download accompanying Educational Video Lesson, scan the QR code. 1  Good day, mga ka-Siyensya! Today, we will be learning about volcanoes! Are you excited? Great! But before we start, let us answer the PRE-TEST but don’t worry, mga ka-Siyensya. This is NOT graded. All you need to do is to answer this in your Science notebook. PRETEST Read each item carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to the BEST answer. Write your answer in your Science notebook. 1. Which of the following BEST describes a volcano? A. A volcano is usually a mountain with steep sides and has an opening. B. A volcano is usually located near the body of water. C. When a volcano erupts, the materials released are only visible to the residents near the volcano. D. A volcano can be as tall as a mountain or as flat as hole on the ground where volcanic materials like molten rock are released. 2. A flat piece of rock formed when magma hardens in a crack of a volcano is called ___________. A. Granite B. Sill C. Coal D. Volcanic Bombs 3. Which of the following DOES NOT describe a fissure volcano? A. It has no central crater. B. It is formed when giant cracks open and expels large quantities of lava. C. It can damage nearby rice fields because the lava spreads far and wide. D. It has low slopes with wider base. 4. This type of volcano is also known as stratovolcano. A. Shield Volcano B. Cinder-cone Volcano C. Fissure Volcano D. Composite Volcano 5. A volcano found in Albay known as Mt. Mayon is classified to what type of volcano? A. Composite Volcano B. Shield Volcano C. Fissure Volcano D. Cinder-cone Volcano Study Tips 2  Now that you are done with the pretest, we will be reading some of the difficult words that we will encounter in this lesson. Read with me, mga ka- Siyensya! WORD DRILL Word Pronunciation 1 Fissure fi shr Study Tips 2 Phreatic free a tuhk 3 Phreatomagmatic free uh tuh muhg ma tuhk 4 Conduit kaan doo uht 5 Plinian pli nee uhn Alright! We are now set to discuss our lesson for today! I encourage everyone to read and understand everything. Take note of the important points in your Science notebook. Should you have any questions, feel free to contact your Science teacher. DISCUSSION Our nation, the Philippines, is situated along the Ring of Fire, hence it possesses numerous volcanoes. The most renowned among our volcanic formations is the Mayon Volcano, which experienced an eruption on May 7, 2013, coinciding with the exploration of its beauty by a group of hikers (CIA World Fact Book, n.d.). According to the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHILVOLCS), our country serves as an ideal location for volcanic activity. Therefore, it is crucial for us to comprehend the processes behind this natural phenomenon in order to mitigate the risks and consequences it may entail. Let us commence by providing a formal definition of a volcano. Volcano - It is a place on Earth’s surface (or any other planet) where molten rocks and gases are erupted. - It is a hill or mountain built up by the eruption of molten rock. 3  Mayon Volcano in Albay An Erupting Volcano Source: phys.org Source: scientechdaily.com Parts of Volcano (Science 9 Learner’s Module, 2014) Parasitic cone refers to a small cone-shaped volcano formed by the accumulation of volcanic debris. Sill is a flat piece of rock formed when magma hardens in a crack in a volcano. Vent is an opening on the Earth’s surface through which volcanic materials escape. Crater is the main opening of the volcano; has the largest radius. Flank refers to the side of the volcano. Conduit is an underground passage of magma. Summit is highest point; also called as apex. Throat is the entrance of the volcano; part of the conduit that ejects lava and volcanic ash. Magma Chamber is the large underground pool of molten rocks sitting underneath the Earth’s surface. Parts of a Volcano Source: primaryhomeworkhelp.co.uk/ Types of Volcanoes Although volcanologists have different basis for classifying volcanoes, one way to classify volcanoes is by their cones. Fissure Volcano – have no central crater at all. Instead, giant cracks open in the ground an expel vast quantities of lava. This lava spreads far and wide to form huge pools that can cover almost everything around. Cinder Cone Volcano – are simple volcanoes with bowl-shaped crater at the summit and steep sides. They only grow to about a thousand feet, usually Fissure Volcano size of a hill. Source: basicplanet.com 4  Composite Volcano – also known as stratovolcano, the most majestic of all, is a tall, symmetrically shaped, with steep sides, sometimes rising 10 000 feet high like your Mt. Mayon in Albay. Shield Volcano – can grow to be very big, tall broad with flat rounded shape, low slopes and have large craters like Mauna Loa in Hawaii. Cinder Cone Volcano Source: quora.com Composite Volcano Shield Volcano Source: volcano.si.edu Source: townandtourist.com Types of Volcanic Eruption Volcanoes erupt differently. They are generally classified as wet or dry depending on the magma’s water content. Volcanoes are described according to the style of eruption. Phreatic or Hydrothermal – is a stream-driven eruption as the hot rocks come in contact with water. It is short-lived, characterized by ash columns but may be an onset of a larger eruption. Phreatomagmatic – is a violent eruption due to the contact between water and magma. As a result, a large column of very fine ash and high speed and sideway emission of pyroclastic called base surges are observed. Strombolian – a periodic weak to violent eruption characterized by fountain lava. Vulcanian – characterized by tall eruption columns that reach up to 20 km high with pyroclastic flow and ashfall tephra. Plinian – excessively explosive type of eruption of gas and pyroclastic. 5  Phreatic Eruption Source: wordpress.com Strombolian Eruption Phreatomagmatic Eruption Source: wordpress.com Source: volcanodiscovery.com Vulcanian Eruption Plinian Eruption Source: photovolcanica.com Source: geology.com 6  To learn more about the topic, we will be answering three activities. Read and analyze the instruction carefully. Write your answers in a whole sheet of paper. If you have any question, feel free to contact your Science teacher. Good luck, mga ka-Siyensya! ACTIVITIES Activity 1 VOLCANO CONCEPT MAP Objective: To characterize a volcano Materials: Pictures of a Volcano Paper and Pen Procedure: 1. Look at the pictures of volcano below. Volcano Source: volcano.si.edu.ph Erupting Volcano Source: theconversation.com 7  2. Based on the picture, give five descriptions of a volcano. Present your answer in a concept map below. VOLCANO Guide Questions: 1. Based on your completed concept map, how will you describe a volcano? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 2. Can you name other volcanos found in the Philippines? If yes, list down some of them. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 8  Activity 2 My Majestic Volcano Objective: To draw a volcano and label its parts Materials: Paper and Pencil Crayons Procedure: On the space below, illustrate your own version of a cross-sectional volcano. Do not forget to identify the following parts in your drawing: Parasitic Cone Sill Vent Crater Magma Flank Conduit Summit Magma Chamber Lava My Majestic Volcano Guide Questions: 1. What do you call the molten materials found within the volcano? Can you locate that in your drawing? Describe it. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. How about the molten materials ejected from the volcano? Describe it as well. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3. What is the difference between the magma and the lava? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 9  Activity 3 Describe It Objective: To define and describe the different types of volcano and the different types of volcanic eruptions Materials: Briefcases, pen Procedure: Below are briefcases and each briefcase contains a word. Describe the word by either defining it or describing its characteristics. The Different Types of Volcanoes Fissure Cinder Cone Composite Shield The Different Types of Volcanic Eruptions Phreatic Phreatomagmatic Strombolian Vulcanian Plinian 10  I guess, you are now done with the activities. Your Science teacher will check it once your papers are retrieved. Before we end, let us check whether we have learned something today or not. Get your pen and paper for we will be answering the POST TEST. Good luck, mga ka-Siyensya! POST TEST Read each item carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to the BEST answer. Write your answer in a one whole sheet of paper. 1. Which of the following BEST describes a volcano? A. A volcano is usually a mountain with steep sides and has an opening. B A volcano is usually located near the body of water. C. When a volcano erupts, the materials released are only visible to the residents near the volcano. D. A volcano can be as tall as a mountain or as flat as hole on the ground where volcanic materials like molten rock are released. 2. A flat piece of rock formed when magma hardens in a crack of a volcano is called ___________. A. Granite B. Sill C. Coal D. Volcanic Bombs 3. Which of the following DOES NOT describe a fissure volcano? A. It has no central crater. B. It is formed when giant cracks open and expels large quantities of lava. C. It can damage nearby rice fields because the lava spreads far and wide. D. It has low slopes with wider base. 4. This type of volcano is also known as stratovolcano. A. Shield Volcano B. Cinder-cone Volcano C. Fissure Volcano D. Composite Volcano 5. A volcano found in Albay known as Mt. Mayon is classified to what type of volcano? A. Composite Volcano B. Shield Volcano C. Fissure Volcano D. Cinder-cone Volcano 6. What agency is responsible in gathering information with regards to volcanic activities? A. PAGASA B. NASA C. PHIVOLCS D. PNP 11  7. A periodic weak to violent eruption characterized by fountain lava is called ________. A. Vulcanian B. Strombolian C. Plinian D. Phreatomagmatic 8. Mauna Loa, the world’s largest volcano found in Hawaii belongs to what type of volcano? A. Fissure Volcano B. Shield Volcano C. Composite Volcano D. Cinder-cone Volcano 9. A volcano formed by the accumulation of lava that oozes out from the volcano is called _______. A. Shield B. Composite C. Cinder D. Stratovolcano 10. Which of the following is not a type of volcanic eruption? A. Strombolian B. Vulcanian C. Plinian D. Fissure 12  Lesson 2: ENERGY FROM THE VOLCANO Energy from Within To access and download accompanying Educational Video Lesson, scan the QR code. 13  Good day, mga ka-Siyensya! Today, we will be learning about the energy from the volcano! Are you excited? Great! But before we start, let us answer the PRE-TEST but don’t worry, mga ka-Siyensya. This is NOT graded. All you need to do is to answer this in your Science notebook. PRETEST Read each item carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to the BEST answer. Write your answer in your Science notebook. 1. Which of the following greatly affects the eruption of volcano? A. Amount of oxygen in air B. Amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere C. Amount of silica in the magma inside the volcano D. Amount of energy released during earthquake 2. This type of lava forms a thin, flexible crust as it cools. A. Aa B. Pahoehoe C. Blocky D. Pillow 3. Which statement is correct? A. Volcanic bombs are small blobs of lava that hardens when it reaches the ground. B. Lapilli are small bits of lava that harden when it reaches the ground. C. Volcanic Ash are formed when gases trapped in magma or lava form bubbles. D. The particles of volcanic ash can be as huge as a human fist. 4. This type of lava usually oozes from a volcano and forms piles of rocks with sharp edges. A. Aa B. Pahoehoe C. Blocky D. Pillow 5. Fluidity of lava is determined by amount of _________. A. Copper B. Iron C. Nickel D. Silica 14  Now that you are done with the pretest, we will be reading some of the difficult words that we will encounter in this lesson. Read with me, mga ka- Siyensya! Study Tips WORD DRILL Word Pronunciation 1 Pahoehoe puh how ee how ee 2 Lapilli lu pi lee 3 Pyroclastic pai row kla stuhk Study Tips 4 Viscosity vuh skaa suh tee 5 Geothermal jee ow thur muhl Alright! We are now set to discuss our lesson for today! I encourage everyone to read and understand everything. Take note of the important points in your Science notebook. Should you have any questions, feel free to contact your Science teacher. DISCUSSION Inside the volcano is a molten material called magma. As the magma is continuously heated, it goes up. As it rises, gas bubbles are developed. The gas bubbles are trapped and expanded causing the molten material to swell also, resulting in a gradual increase in pressure within the volcano. When the pressure exceeds the strength of the overlying rock, fracturing occurs. The resulting breaks lead to a further drop in confining pressure in turn causes even more gas bubbles to form. Lava may appear to be the primary material ejected from a volcano, but this is not always the case. Aside from lava, broken blocks, lava bombs, fine ash and dust are also ejected (DepEd Science 9 Learning Module, 2014). Let us learn more how magma is ejected as lava, pyroclastic material, and lahar. Materials Ejected from the Volcano The following are the materials ejected from the volcano during eruption: Lava is a molten rock that has been expelled from the interior of a terrestrial planet or a moon. Lava flow is the flow of molten rock from a volcano. The term lava is also used for the solidified rock formed by the cooling of a molten lava flow. Below are the different types of lava. 15  Aa is lava that forms a thick, brittle crust as it cools. The crust is torn into sharp pieces as lava moves underneath it. Pahoehoe is lava that forms a thin, flexible crust as it cools. The crust wrinkles as the lava moves underneath it. Blocky lava is cool, stiff lava that does not travel very far from the volcano. Blocky lava usually oozes from a volcano and forms piles of rocks with sharp edges. Pillow lava is lava that erupts under water. As it cools, it forms rounded lumps that look like pillows. Aa Lava Pahoehoe Lava Source: scientiafantastica.wixsite.com Source: sciencephoto.com Blocky Lava Pillow Lava Source: sandatlas.org Source: sciencephoto.com Pyroclastic material is another name for a cloud of ash, lava fragments carrid through the air, and vapor. Such a flow is usually “very” hot and moves “rapidly” due to buoyancy provided by the vapors. Pyroclastic flows can extend miles from the volcano and devastate life and property within their paths. Pyroclastic flow is a fast-moving cloud of hot ash, gases, and rock from a volcano. Below are the different types of pyroclastic materials. Volcanic bombs are large blobs of lava that harden in the air. Lapilli are small bits of lava that harden before they hit the ground. Lapilli are usually about the size of pebbles. Volcanic ash forms when gases trapped in magma or lava form bubbles. When the bubbles explode, they create millions of tiny pieces. Volcanic blocks are large pieces of solid rock that come out of a volcano. 16  Volcanic Bombs Lapilli Source: geologyin.com Source: codiferro.it Volcanic Ash Blocky Lava Source: sandatlas.org Source:p.x10hrofharwood.x10host.com Lahar is a mudflow of volcanic material. Lahars may carry all sizes of material from ash to large boulders and produce deposits of volcanic conglomerate. Lahars may be the result of heavy rain on loose ash material. Lahar flow is a fast-moving flow of muddy water form a volcano. Lahar Flow Source: Britannica.com 17 Magma Viscosity, Temperature and Gas Content The viscosity of a substance is a measure of its consistency. Viscosity is defined as the ability of a substance to resist flow. In a sense, viscosity is the inverse of fluidity. Cold molasses, for example, has a higher viscosity than water because it is less fluid. A magma's viscosity is largely controlled by its temperature, composition, and gas content. The effect of temperature on viscosity is intuitive. Like most liquids, the higher the temperature, the more fluid a substance becomes, thus lowering its viscosity. Composition plays an even greater role in determining a magma's viscosity. A magma's resistance to flow is a function of its "internal friction" derived from the generation of chemical bonds within the liquid. Chemical bonds are created between negatively charged and positively charged ions (anions and cations, respectively). Of the ten most abundant elements found in magmas, oxygen is the only anion. Silicon, on the other hand, is the most abundant cation. Thus, the Si-O bond is the single most important factor in determining the degree of a magma's viscosity. The amount of dissolved gases in the magma can also affect its viscosity, but in a more ambiguous way than temperature and silica content. When gases begin to escape (exsolve) from the magma, the effect of gas bubbles on the bulk viscosity is variable. Although the growing gas bubbles will exhibit low viscosity, the viscosity of the residual liquid will increase as gas escapes. The overall bulk viscosity of the bubble-liquid mixture depends on both the size and distribution of the bubbles. Although gas bubbles do influence the viscosity, the more important role of these exsolving volatiles is that they provide the driving force for the eruption. Viscosity of Magma in Different Conditions Source: Project EASE Module 12 18  Energy from the Volcano Since our country is a home to more than a hundred volcanoes, energy has been tapped from them. The Philippines ranks second in the world’s production of geothermal energy. According to the Department of Energy, 1404% of the country’s total power generation is produced from the geothermal energy. The production of electricity from geothermal energy is cheaper than the electricity production using natural gas, coal, and hydropower. Geothermal Energy The Earth is believed to be extremely hot from within. This heat from the Earth’s interior is a source of energy called geothermal energy. The heat of the earth warms up water which is trapped in rock formations beneath its surface. Geothermal energy is generated in two ways: geothermal powerplants ad geothermal heat pumps. They differ in the depth of the heat source to produce energy. In geothermal powerplants, the heat from deep inside the Earth is used to produce steam to generate electricity compared with geothermal heat pumps that use the heat coming from close to the Earth’s surface to heat water or provide heat for buildings. In the Philippines, geothermal power plants are used to generated electricity in Tiwi (Albay), Kidapawan (North Cotabato), Calaca (Laguna), Tongonan (Leyte), Bago City (Negros Occidental), Valencia (Negros Oriental), and Bacon (Sorsogon). To learn more about the topic, we will be answering three activities. Read and analyze the instruction carefully. Write your answers in a whole sheet of paper. If you have any question, feel free to contact your Science teacher. Good luck, mga ka-Siyensya! ACTIVITIES Activity 1 UNDER PRESSURE Objective: To describe the effect of high temperature to the formation of gas Materials: two 300 mL bottled soft drinks (must be sealed before using) two 300 mL bottled cooking two identical small basins hot and cold water Note: You may use lesser amount of soft drinks and cooking oil as long as both are the same. 19 Procedure: 1. Half-fill basin A with hot water and basin B with cold water. 2. Put one bottled soda in basin A and another one in basin B. Wait for three minutes. 3. Slowly unscrew the caps from the bottle in each basin and observe. 4. Replace the hot water in basin A. 5. Put one of the bottled cooking oil in hot water and the other one in cold water. Wait for three minutes. 6. Slowly unscrew the caps and observe. Guide Questions: 1. What did you observe when you unscrew the bottles of soft drinks? Explain. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 2. Do you have the same observation as in the cooking oil? Explain. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 3. What is the role of hot water in the set up? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Activity 2 Viscosity Race Objective: To determine the viscosity of some fluids Materials: three pieces of cone out of a cardboard (about 10 cm high) water cooking oil syrup or honey tray timer Procedure: 1. Before doing the activity, predict which liquid (water, cooking oil and syrup/honey) take the least amount to reach the tray. Which liquid will take the most amount of time? 2. Mark the cone A, B and C and place them in the tray in an inverted position. 3. Pour water on the top of cone A. Record the time it takes for the water to reach the tray. 4. Do the same with cooking oil for cone B and syrup/honey for cone C. 5. Perform three times for each material. 20  Liquid Travel Time (seconds) Average 1st 2nd 3rd (1st+2nd+3rd)/3 Water Cooking Oil Syrup/Honey Guide Questions: 1. Is your prediction correct? ______________________________________ 2. Which liquid is the most viscous? How do you know? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 3. Which liquid is the least viscous? ________________________________ 4. Explain viscosity in your own words. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 5. Compare how these liquids flow with how you think lava flows. Why do some types of lava travel faster than others? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Activity 3 Transformation Geothermal Energy Objective: To describe how energy is transformed to generate electricity in a geothermal powerplant. Materials: llustration of how geothermal powerplant functions Procedure: Study the figure below and understand how geothermal powerplants work. Source: DepEd Science 9 Learners Module 21  Power plants are built in area where it is particularly hot just below the surface such as near a group of geysers, hot springs, or volcanic activity. The following steps are followed to generate electricity in a geothermal power plant. 1. Wells are drilled deep into the earth to pump steam or hot water to the surface. 2. When the water reaches the surface, the drop in pressure causes the water to turn into steam. 3. The steam spins a turbine, which is connected to a generator that produces electricity. 4. Cooling tower cools the steam which it condenses back to water. 5. The cooled water is pumped back into the earth to begin the process again. Guide Question: 1. Use a flowchart to describe how energy is transformed to generate electricity in a geothermal power plant. Use the space below. 22  I guess, you are now done with the activities. Your Science teacher will check it once your papers are retrieved. Before we end, let us check whether we have learned something today or not. Get your pen and paper for we will be answering the POST TEST. Good luck, mga ka-Siyensya! POST TEST Read each item carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to the BEST answer. Write your answer in a one whole sheet of paper. 1. Which of the following greatly affects the eruption of volcano? A. Amount of oxygen in air B. Amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere C. Amount of silica in the magma inside the volcano D. Amount of energy released during earthquake 2. This type of lava forms a thin, flexible crust as it cools. A. Aa B. Pahoehoe C. Blocky D. Pillow 3. Which statement is correct? A. Volcanic bombs are small blobs of lava that hardens when it reaches the ground. B. Lapilli are small bits of lava that harden when it reaches the ground. C. Volcanic ashes are formed when gases trapped in magma or lava form bubbles. D. The particles of volcanic ash can be as huge as a human fist. 4. This type of lava usually oozes from a volcano and forms piles of rocks with sharp edges. A. Aa B. Pahoehoe C. Blocky D. Pillow 5. Fluidity of lava is determined by amount of _________. A. Copper B. Iron C. Nickel D. Silica 6. What do you call the energy generated from the heat deep in the earth’s interior? A. Hydrothermal Energy B. Geothermal Energy C. Solar Energy D. Wind Energy 23 7. What will happen if the temperature of the magma inside the volcano increases? A. Viscosity decreases B. Viscosity remains the same C. Viscosity increases D. Viscosity will not be affected 8. Which of the following is TRUE about geothermal energy? A. It is the energy derived from the heat of the sun. B. It is the energy within the heat of the Earth. C It is the energy from fossil fuels. D. It is the energy from the wind. 9. Which two compounds contributes mainly to the eruption of volcano? A. Water and Silica B. Water and Carbon Dioxide C. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide D. Methane and Ammonia 10. Which of the following statement is CORRECT? A. Lava flow is a fast-moving flow of hot muddy water from a volcano. B. Pyroclastic flow is a flow of molten rock from a volcano. C. Lahar flow is a fast-moving bundle of hot ashes and gases. D. Lahar flow is a fast-moving flow of hot muddy water from a volcano. 24  Lesson 3: VOLCANIC ERUPTION PREPAREDNESS Eruption Preparedness To access and download accompanying Educational Video Lesson, scan the QR code. 25  Good day, mga ka-Siyensya! Today, we will be learning about volcanoes! Are you excited? Great! But before we start, let us answer the PRE-TEST but don’t worry, mga ka-Siyensya. This is NOT graded. All you need to do is to answer this in your Science notebook. PRETEST Read each item carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to the BEST answer. Write your answer in your Science notebook. 1. What agency is responsible in gathering information with regards to volcanic activities? A. PAGASA c. NASA B. PHIVOLCS d. PNP 2. Which of the following is a sign that volcano will about erupt? A. There is an increase in tremors near and under the volcano. B. Trembling sounds are heard by nearby people. C. Temperature of hot springs stays the same. D. None of the above 3. What does the PHIVOLCS stand for? A. Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology B. Philippine Institute of Volcanoes and Seismology C. Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismic Waves D. Philippine Institute of Volcanoes 4. Which of the following is an advantage of volcanic eruption? A. Cleaner water near the volcano B. Rich soil for vegetation C. Formation of clouds D. Increase in land area 5. Which of the following must be done before the volcanic eruption? A. Go near the volcano and check from time to time. B. Go to mall and leave everything at home. C. Evacuate immediately as requested by the LGU. D. Enjoy the scenery and take pictures near the volcano. 26  Now that you are done with the pretest, we will be reading some of the difficult words that we will encounter in this lesson. Read with me, mga ka- Siyensya! WORD DRILL Study Tips Word Pronunciation 1 tremor treh mr 2 summit suh muht 3 magma Intrusion mag muh uhn troo zhn 4 crater krei tr 5 vicinity vuh si nuh tee Alright! We are now set to discuss our lesson for today! I encourage everyone to read and understand everything. Take note of the important points in your Science notebook. Should you have any questions, feel free to contact your Science teacher. DISCUSSION Volcanic eruption is often associated with negative effects. It can cause loss of lives and properties. As the lava flows or pyroclastic materials are ejected in the air, they can destroy anything in their way. It has a good and a bad side. For example, the eruption of Pinatubo in 1991, one of the longest volcanic eruptions, has caused the decrease in Earth’s surface temperature for almost two years. The strong winds during its eruption spread the aerosol particles from the plume around the globe. The result was a measurable cooling of the Earth’s surface for a period of almost two years. Volcanoes also affect people positively. For example, the eruption of Pinatubo Volcano has created spectacular scenery in its wake. Likewise, the eruption of Musuan Volcano in Bukidnon has produced very rich soils for farming years after its eruption in 1867. People also became creative by making earthenware out of the ashfall from the Pinatubo Volcano eruption (DepEd Science 9 Learning Module, 2014). 27  Mt. Pinatubo Crater Source: viator.com Signs of an Impending Volcanic Eruption According to the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), the government agency tasked with monitoring earthquakes and volcanoes in the country, the following are commonly observed signs that a volcano is about to erupt. These may vary from one volcano to another. Mt. Mayon Before Eruption Source: worldandforms.com 1. Increase in the frequency of volcanic quakes with rumbling sounds; occurrence of volcanic tremors; 2. Increase steaming activity; change in color of steam emission from white to gray due to entrained ash; 3. Crater glow due to presence of magma at or near the crater; Mt. Taal Steaming Activity Source: cnnphilippines.com 28 4. Ground swells (or inflation), ground tilt and ground fissuring due to magma intrusion; 5. Localized landslides, rockfalls, landslides from the summit area which are not attributable to heavy rains. 6. Noticeable increase in the extent of drying up of vegetation around the volcano’s upper shoes. 7. Increase in the temperature of hot springs and Mt. Mayon Crater Glow wells; Source: thestar.com.my 8. Noticeable variation in the chemical content of springs, crater lakes within the vicinity of the volcano; 9. Drying up of springs or wells around the volcano; and 10. Development of new thermal areas and/or reactivation of old ones Dried Up Springs around the Volcano Source: desertusa.com Staying Safe Before, During and After a Volcanic Eruption Keeping oneself prepared prior, during and after the occurrence of a volcanic eruption, especially if one resides near the volcano danger zone is essential to life and living. To help us prepare for whatever untoward accident brought by the volcano’s uncontrolled and unstoppable activity, Dr. Dhani Anggara (2019) has enumerated all the necessary precautions that we need to observe to avoid further damage to life and property. Before the Volcanic Eruption Each one should be aware of the dangers that volcanic eruptions pose to lives and be prepared to face whatever circumstances the eruption may bring. Prepare all the necessary things to bring once evacuation is needed. Store as much food, water, light sources and batteries that are very useful in case of emergency. Prepare masks to cover nose and mouth for the ash falls of the volcano. Safety of the kids first before anything else. 29  Things to Prepare before the Eruption Source: abc.net.au During the Volcanic Eruption Avoid low-lying places because lava flows, and mud flows are more likely to pass here. Seek cover in case of ash falls and rock falls and use masks to cover your nose and mouth and to avoid breathing in the ashes. If inside the house, close all doors and windows to avoid letting in the ashes. Always stay indoors and watch for your kids, they might be tempted to go out. Stay in the evacuation center and wait for further instructions and do not leave until said so. Protecting Oneself by Wearing a Mask Evacuating the Area Source: thestar.com.my Source: rappler.com After the Volcanic Eruption Go back to your house but leave your kids with someone who can take care of them while you check your house. When in your house, clean everything and check if there’s damages incurred. Use masks when cleaning. Wait for further announcements related to volcano activities. Make sure that your house is still safe for all of you. 30  To learn more about the topic, we will be answering three activities. Read and analyze the instruction carefully. Write your answers in a whole sheet of paper. If you have any question, feel free to contact your Science teacher. Good luck, mga ka-Siyensya! ACTIVITIES Activity 1 MY READY-TO-GO KIT Objective: To explain why it is important to prepare prior the eruption of a volcano Materials: bond paper pencil crayons Procedure: Imagine that you are a resident of Albay residing near the Mayon Volcano. As a resident, you know very well that at any moment, there is a threat of volcanic eruption. Thus, to be safe and to avoid unexpected accidents during its occurrence, you will prepare your “ready-to-go” kit. This “ready-to-go” kit is an emergency kit that you need to bring wherever you go when the volcano is showing some impending signs. On the space below, draw the essential things that a resident of Albay near the volcano should prepare before the eruption of Mt. Mayon. Furthermore, explain why each thing or product is helpful during this dangerous time. 31 Guide Questions: 1. Why is it important to prepare a “ready-to-go” kit when you are residing near the volcano? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 2. Can you think of other ways (other than those mentioned in this module) that need to be done or prepared before the volcanic eruption? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Activity 2 My Erupting Volcano Objective: To describe an erupting volcano To explain why it is important to prepare during the eruption of a volcano Materials: bond paper pencil crayons Procedure: Volcanic eruption is one of the natural environmental phenomena. As of this writing, no one has ever thought on how to stop the occurrence of this disaster. However, residents are encouraged to observe precautions before, during and after the eruption to avoid injury or pain. Although dangerous, erupting volcano is considered by some to be a majestic occurrence in Earth. It has both advantages and disadvantages. On the space below, illustrate your own “erupting” volcano. Since this is your own volcano, you are free name and to design how will it look like as long as it shows the different signs during the actual eruption. My Erupting Volcano 32 Guide Questions: 1. What is the name of your volcano? How did you arrive at that name? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 2. Based on your illustration, how will you describe an erupting volcano? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 3. What must be done by residents to avoid injury during volcanic eruption? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 4. What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of an erupting volcano? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ I guess, you are now done with the activities. Your Science teacher will check it once your papers are retrieved. Before we end, let us check whether we have learned something today or not. Get your pen and paper for we will be answering the POST TEST. Good luck, mga ka-Siyensya! POST TEST Read each item carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to the BEST answer. Write your answer in a one whole sheet of paper. 1. What agency is responsible in gathering information with regards to volcanic activities? A. PAGASA C. NASA B. PHIVOLCS D. PNP 2. Which of the following is a sign that volcano will about erupt? A. There is an increase in tremors near and under the volcano. B. Trembling sounds are heard by nearby people. C. Temperature of hot springs stays the same. D. None of the above 3. What does the PHIVOLCS stand for? A. Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology B. Philippine Institute of Volcanoes and Seismology C. Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismic Waves D. Philippine Institute of Volcanoes 33 4. Which of the following is an advantage of volcanic eruption? A. Cleaner water near the volcano B. Rich soil for vegetation C. Formation of clouds D. Increase in land area 5. Which of the following must be done before the volcanic eruption? A. Go near the volcano and check from time to time. B. Go to mall and leave everything at home. C. Evacuate immediately as requested by the LGU. D. Enjoy the scenery and take pictures near the volcano. 6. What is the name of the volcano that erupted in 1991? A. Mt. Mayon B. Mt. Taal C. Mt. Pinatubo D. Mt. Everest 7. Why is mask important to wear before, during and after the volcanic eruption? A. To avoid inhaling unwanted particles from ashfalls B. To avoid getting infected by a virus C. To be allowed by the authorities to go and roam around D. None of the above 8. Which should not be done during the volcanic eruption? A. Avoid low-lying places because lava flows, and mud flows are more likely to pass here. B. Seek cover in case of ash falls and rock falls and use masks to cover your nose and mouth and to avoid breathing in the ashes. C. If inside the house, close all doors and windows to avoid letting in the ashes. D. To help the authorities monitor the activity of the volcano. 9. Which should not be done after the volcanic eruption? A. Go back to your house immediately to check if your house is free-from destruction. B. When the authorities said, it is okay to leave, go back to your house but leave your kids with someone who can take care of them while you check your house. C. When in your house, clean everything and check if there’s damages incurred. D. Wait for further announcements related to volcano activities. 10. Why is it important to observe proper precautions before, during and after volcanic eruption? A. To avoid being caught by the police for not obeying the rules B. To secure yourself and your family C. To be recognized as most rule-abiding citizen D. None of the above. 34  35 Answers to the Post Test Lesson 1 Volcano 1. D 2. B 3. D 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. D Lesson 2 Energy from the Volcano 1. C 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. D Lesson 3 Volcanic Eruption Preparedness 1. B 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. B  REFERENCES Alvarez, L. et.al. (2014). Science Learner’s Module 9. FEP Printing Corporation. Anggara, D. (2018). What to do before, during and after volcanic eruption? Retrieved from http://kmc-clinic.com/blogSingle/What-to-do-before-during-and-after- volcanic-eruption Borrow, M. (2013). Volcanoes. Retrieved from http://www.primaryhomeworkhelp.co.uk/mountains/volcanoparts.html Dehn, J. and Wohletz, K. (n.d.). How Volcanoes Work. Retrieved from http://sci.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Controls.html. 36