Volcanoes: Exploring Earth's Powerhouse PDF

DISASTER READINESS AND RISK REDUCTION  EARTHQUAKE Magnitude Intensity Richter Magnitude Mercalli Intensity Scale Scale A single number to quantify the energy Assign a number to quantify the damage and rele...

DISASTER READINESS AND RISK REDUCTION  EARTHQUAKE Magnitude Intensity Richter Magnitude Mercalli Intensity Scale Scale A single number to quantify the energy Assign a number to quantify the damage and released by an effects of an earthquake. earthquake LEARNING TARGETS Explain how volcanoes are formed Identify the different types of volcanoes Give examples of what we must do if there is a volcanic eruption. Volcanoes are openings in the Earth's crust through which molten rock, gas, and other materials are released from deep within the Earth. Volcanoes are formed when molten rock called magma rises to the surface. The magma can come from the Earth's mantle or from subduction zones where one tectonic plate slides beneath another. PARTS OF A VOLCANO MAGMA CHAMBER: CRATER: A reservoir where magma The bowl-shaped depression is stored beneath the at the top of the volcano. volcano. ASH CLOUD: CONE: Mass of tiny volcanic rock Steep, conical-shaped hill or fragments, dust, and gases that mountain formed by layers of are released into the air. volcanic material. CONDUIT: LAVA: A pipe-like structure that Molten rock that flows from a connects the magma chamber to volcano during an eruption. the surface. SILL: Flat rock formation that forms when molten magma cools and solidifies in a crack or fissure.  TYPES OF VOLCANOES DESCRIPTION: Broad, gently sloping volcanoes with a shape resembling a warrior's shield. They are formed from layers of cooled lava. ERUPTION STYLE: Generally characterized by non-explosive, effusive eruptions with the outpouring of lava flows. EXAMPLES: Mauna Loa in Hawaii, Mount Etna in Italy SHIELD VOLCANOES DESCRIPTION: Steep-sided, conical volcanoes formed by explosive eruptions of ash, cinders, and dust. ERUPTION STYLE: Explosive eruptions that eject fragments of lava and volcanic ash into the air. EXAMPLES: Paricutin in Mexico, Sunset Crater in CINDER CONE VOLCANO Arizona  DESCRIPTION: Tall and symmetrical volcanoes composed of layers of lava flows and volcanic ash. ERUPTION STYLE: Can have both explosive eruptions and effusive eruptions. EXAMPLES: Mount Fuji in Japan, and Mount St. Helens in the United States COMPOSITE CONE VOLCANO STATUS OF VOLCANO STATUS OF A VOLCANO ACTIVE Volcano that has erupted recently and has the potential to erupt again in the future. Consistent signs of volcanic activity Require close monitoring to ensure the safety of nearby communities. DORMANT "sleeping" volcano currently inactive but has erupted in the past and could erupt again in the future. remained quiet for a significant period, often thousands of years EXTINCT/INACTIVE No records of eruption Not expected to erupt again in the future. No signs of ongoing volcanic activity Geological features LIST 5 VOLCANO THAT CAN BE FOUND IN THE PHILIPPINES TYPES OF ERUPTION STYLE EXPLOSIVE If a lot of gas is trapped within the magma, pressure will build until the magma eventually erupts explosively out of the volcano. Explosive eruptions can form pyroclastic flows that sweep down valleys, destroying everything in their path. They also send ash high into the atmosphere, forming plumes. EFFUSIVE If magma has low viscosity (it is runny), gas can escape easily, so when it erupts at the surface it forms lava flows. Suppose magma rises very slowly within the conduit. or throat, of the volcano, all the gas can escape. When the magma is viscous (or sticky), it can’t flow when it reaches the surface, so it builds up forming a lava dome. MATERIALS FROM LAVA Molten rock that flows from a volcano during an eruption. PYROCLASTIC MATERIAL: Fragments of lava, ash, and rock ejected into the air during explosive eruptions. VOLCANIC ASH: Fine particles of fragmented volcanic rock that can be carried by wind over long distances. VOLCANIC GASES: Gases, including water vapor, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and others, released during eruptions. PREPARING FOR VOLCANO ERUPTIONS Volcanic eruptions can be dangerous, but with proper preparation, we can stay safe. Here's how: STAY INFORMED EMERGENCY PLAN EMERGENCY KIT EVACUATION ROUTES Pay attention to Create a family Prepare a kit with Familiarize yourself official warnings, emergency plan that essential items like with evacuation updates, and includes meeting food, water, first aid routes and practice evacuation orders points, supplies, flashlights, evacuation drills from local communication and batteries. with your family. authorities. methods, and a designated emergency kit. Volcanic eruption is a beautiful disaster, it gives challenges, but it also creates new things in life.