Hweek4 Community Diagnosis PDF

Course name: Health Education and interpersonal communication Course code: 6501127-3 By: Dr: Aeshah AL mutiari Community Diagnosis Definition of a “Community” A cluster of people with at least one common characteristic (geographic...

Course name: Health Education and interpersonal communication Course code: 6501127-3 By: Dr: Aeshah AL mutiari Community Diagnosis Definition of a “Community” A cluster of people with at least one common characteristic (geographic location, occupation, ethnicity, housing condition……) A group of people with a common characteristic or interest living together within a larger society Definition of Community Diagnosis The identification and quantification of health problems in a community as a whole in terms of mortality and morbidity rates and ratios, and identification of their correlates for the purpose of defining those at risk or those in need of health care. Definition of Community Diagnosis According to WHO definition, it is “a quantitative and qualitative description of the health of citizens and the factors which influence their health. It identifies problems, proposes areas for improvement and stimulates action” The Community Diagnosis Process “A means of examining aggregate and social statistics in addition to the knowledge of the local situation, to determine the health needs of the community” The Community Diagnosis Process is the application of techniques of diagnosis of an individual to the community  Comparing individual diagnoses with community diagnoses (similarities) individual diagnoses community diagnoses Obtain a history of the patients' Obtain health awareness of the symptoms community through informal meetings and discussions Examine the patient and observe sign Obtain measurable facts of causes through basic demographic survey Perform laboratory test, x-ray and Conduct a specific survey basic others demographic survey To infer causation from the history and Make inference from the data test result to make the diagnosis (indicator) to make the community diagnosis Provide treatment Prescribe community treatment or community health action as part of community health programme Follow-up and assess effectiveness of Evaluate (follow-up) the effect of the treatment community health action  IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS It helps to find the common problems or diseases which are troublesome to the people and are easily preventable in the community It helps to identify the group of people at risk of the health problem in the community It helps to access group of underprivileged people who are unable to use the available facility due to poverty, prevailing discrimination, or other reasons It ensures that decisions are made based on solid information and knowledge..……IMPORTANCE Provide baseline information about the health status of community residents. Provides an overall picture of the local community health problem Suggest priority areas for intervention and feasible solutions Indicate the resource allocation and direction of the work plan Create opportunity for Intersectoral collaboration Form a basis of setting indicators for healthcare practice evaluation Provide data that act as a reference for the district Purposes of community diagnosis: Identification and quantification of health problem Identification of those who are at risk Identification of community needs and problems Determine available resources Set priorities for planning.  ?How to conduct community diagnosis The process of community diagnosis involves four stages: 1. Initiation 2. Data collection and analysis 3. Diagnosis 4. Dissemination Health Indicators Community Diagnosis is done using a tool called "Health Indicators" which are the variables used for the assessment of community health. Indicators must be: valid, reliable, sensitive, specific, feasible and relevant.  Health indicators can be classified as: Mortality indicators Morbidity indicators Disability rates Nutritional status indicators Health care delivery indicators Utilization rates Indicators of social and mental health Environmental indicators Socio-economic indicators Health policy indicators Indicators of quality of life Other indicators Community analysis: Community analysis is the process of examining data to define needs strengths, barriers, opportunities, readiness, and resources. The product of analysis is the “community profile” Steps of community diagnosis Characteristics of community diagnosis ability to address important community problems ability to identify most of the targeted health events adequacy in reflecting changes in distribution of events over time, place and person participatory, uncomplicated, sensitive, timely, and inexpensive Basic Data in community diagnosis process 1. Background/ Setting 1.1 Local history 1.2 Geography – Part of which Region, Municipality/ City – Boundaries whether land locked, coastal or both – Land area – Subdivisions, political, economic or social 1.3 Climate 2. Demography 2.1 demographic distribution Age – sex structure (Population pyramid) 2.2 Factors such as: Migration; Age dependency (18-49 yr); Birth/death rate; Ethnic dist; Density 3. Economic status 3.1 Sources of income 3.2 Indications of economic status: Employment; Income per capita; Poverty level; Economic organizations 4. Social Indicators Education Housing, Communication, Transportation, Sources of health care and health information Public assistance Leadership pattern Health Data in community diagnosis process 1. Health Status of the Community Top Mortality Top Morbidity 2. Environmental Indices Water Supply Excreta Disposal Insect Control Sanitation, Garbage Collection 3. Food / Nutrition Sources of food: Markets/ Public eating establishments Prevalence of Malnutrition 4. Health Resources Manpower / Health officer, nutritionist, Nurse, Doctor Health facilities Health financing: Public funds versus private funding Health related legislations: National; Local 5. Organized Community health programs Expanded program on Immunization Maternal and Child health Reproductive health Nutrition programs