Humoral Immunity and Antibodies (2.2) PDF
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This document outlines the fundamental concepts of humoral immunity, going into detailed descriptions of the components involved, such as complement, B-cells, and their various types. Some of the key concepts include details of different stages related to humoral immunity, along with different immunoglobulin types. The document is well organized and presents the information using diagrams and figures to visually clarify complex processes.
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**[Humoral immunity and antibodies - 2.2]** Components:\ Complement AB - activate complement, opsonisation, inflammation, neutralisation, apoptosis B-cells and plasma cells Cytokines and chemokines Epitope = segment or shape on an AG that's recognised by a receptor BCR - AB attached to B-cell...
**[Humoral immunity and antibodies - 2.2]** Components:\ Complement AB - activate complement, opsonisation, inflammation, neutralisation, apoptosis B-cells and plasma cells Cytokines and chemokines Epitope = segment or shape on an AG that's recognised by a receptor BCR - AB attached to B-cell AB - called this when it's free floating **Lymph nodes** **B-cell development** AG independent: 1. 2. 3. 4. AG dependant: 5. 6. Stages: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.  **Humoral immunity** 1. - - - 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. - - - - - - - 2. - - - - - 3. - - - **[Antibodies ]** G.A.M.E.D - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Somatic hypermutation - IgM → IgG Passive immunity → naturally acquired - IgG (through placenta) and IgA (through milk) → artificially acquired - antivenom Active immunity → naturally acquired - infected by pathogen → artificially acquired - vaccine  Fc region - binds to Fc receptors, remains relatively constant Fab region - AG binding region, highly variable **Types of AB** - - B cells change their Ig isotype production according to cytokine signals from T-helper cells (class switching) Different Ig isoforms are present at different stages of immune response and B cell development Ig isotype shows stage and type of infection Different cells have different Fc receptors  Progenitor B-cells in BM mix their antibody-coding DNA before becoming a mature B-cell DNA rearranged to code for AG binding sites (variable regions) V= variable D = diversity J = joining High number of AG produced by: - - **Functions of antibodies** Neutrilisation Virus can't infect cell if cell is covered in AB as receptors are blocked AB blocks binding of bacterial toxin to receptor Opsonisation and phagocytosis  **Humoral immunity and parasitic infection** **Transport of IgA across mucosal epithelium**  **Antibody dependant cell cytotoxicity (ADCC)** 1. 2. 3. **Mast cell degranulation**  **AB in oral cavity** Saliva - - - - GCF - - - - - - **[Conditions]** **Auto-reactive B-cells disease - Graves disease** - - Symptoms: - - **Anaphylaxis - type 1 hypersensitivity** 1. 2. 3. 4. a. b. c. Treatment = adrenaline **Allergic asthma** 1. 2. 3. 4. a. b. Treatment =Salbutamol - bronchodilator, Beta-2 agonist (causes smooth muscle relaxation) Steroids **Sjogren\'s syndrome**
