Human Resources PDF

Human Resources 1.​ Level of development of country -> resources available, e.g. land, minerals, forests, buildings, and roads 2.​ Most important resources=human resources- people who form the workforce of a country and help boost the economy because they can use all other resources and en...

Human Resources 1.​ Level of development of country -> resources available, e.g. land, minerals, forests, buildings, and roads 2.​ Most important resources=human resources- people who form the workforce of a country and help boost the economy because they can use all other resources and ensure max productivity, making way for wealth creation. 3.​ Population density of India=17p/sq.km in ArP to 11297p/sq.km in Delhi (2011 Census of India) 4.​ Hilly and difficult terrain regions-sparsely populated. E.G: a.​ Mizoram- 52 b.​ Sikkim- 86 c.​ Manipur-122 d.​ HP-123 e.​ J&K-124 5.​ Challenges: a.​ Transportation and comms difficult, b.​ Hard to cultivate c.​ Harsh climate d.​ Fewer employment opportunities 6.​ Vast Northern Plains-heavily populated. E.G.: a.​ Chandigarh-9252 b.​ Bihar-1102 c.​ UP-828 7.​ Coastal Plains like this too E.G. a.​ Puducherry-2598 b.​ Kerala-859 8.​ Factors behind this: a.​ Fertile soil b.​ Agreeable climate c.​ Better connectivity 9.​ 68.84%- Rural areas while 31.16%-Urban areas (2011 Census of India) 10.​ Odisha, Assam, Sikkim, HP, & Bihar have >15% urban population 11.​ Delhi, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Goa, Mizoram, Maharashtra, & Gujarat have 42.58%(Gujarat) to 97.5% (Delhi) 12.​ In 2001-2011, urban population increased by 31.8% (90.99 million) while rural increased by 12.18%(90.47 million), and is the first time since Independence that India registered a higher growth rate than rural areas. 13.​ UN report in 2015 says Lithuania, Armenia, Belarus, Russia, Ukraine, Latvia, and Estonia (LABRULES) proportion of women>men 14.​ But in India, sex ratio is 940f/1000m, better than 2001 (933f/1000m) and 1991 (927f/1000m)(Census of 2011) 15.​Lowest sex ratio in Haryana (877), and highest is in Kerala (1084), and only in Kerala and Puducherry females outnumber males, while Tamil Nadu(995), Andhra Pradesh(992), and Chhattisgarh(991) have favourable ratios too. 16.​Reasons behind skewed sex ratio in India: a.​ Many families think girl=burden and boy=asset because of ignorance and lack of education, allowing dowry. Girls are viewed as unwanted financial burdens to be born till they are married, while boys are seen as family breadwinners, so an asset b.​ Preference for boy over girl leads to female foeticide in families which is punishable by law. 17.​ Steps taken by government: a.​ To prevent female foeticide, they passed an act in 1994 making sex determination before birth a crime, and in 2003, tightening law to punish medical practitioners who allowed people to identify the sex of their unborn child. b.​ Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao programme promote survival, protection, welfare, and education of girl child with local and national schemes and awareness campaigns c.​ Government conducts awareness campaigns to empower women through schemes like Sabla and STEP to help break stigma around independent women, 18.​Unskilled HR- people in workforrce with no special skill, training or education, e.g. sanitation workers, farm labourers, construction workers, porters, domestic help, and parking lot attendants, who earn low wages and lack permanent job guarantees 19.​ Skilled HR- people with specialised training or skill for their jobs, and have a thorough knowledge of trade, craft, or industry of employment. 20.​But skill levels vary for people in this group as highly skilled workers are valued for their knowledge, and have high pay, but less skilled workers don’t earn as much. 21.​ Health is important for wellbeing and happiness of person, but also economy of nation, as it allows beople to work faster and efficiently, but illness hinder ability to work and productivity, and can also drain financial resources. 22.​Education helps people develop higher understanding level, knowledge, thus makes them efficient workers. Also helps them work independently, take decisions, supervise, and guide others' work. 23.​Skilled HR plays a vital role in India’s socio economic development. India is a top provider of IT services in the world, and the industry, which depends on skilled HR, contributes 9.3% to India’s GDP and employs millions, facilitated by investment in training by government and private organisations. 24.​But countries in the world like India have a shortage of properly trained skilled workers in many sectors, e.g. plumbers, construction workers, and electricians don’t get proper training or learn through peers or the job, as training facilities in India are highly underdeveloped. 25.​It’s estimated that 65% of India’s population will be