HSB4U Final Exam Review PDF

HSB4U Final Exam Review List/Reference List for In-Class Culminating Research Methods: -​ Experiment, case study, survey, interview, correlational studies, participant observation etc. -​ The Scientific Method (the process of conducting research) -​ Qualitative vs. quantitative research -​ Ethical...

HSB4U Final Exam Review List/Reference List for In-Class Culminating Research Methods: -​ Experiment, case study, survey, interview, correlational studies, participant observation etc. -​ The Scientific Method (the process of conducting research) -​ Qualitative vs. quantitative research -​ Ethical considerations, ex. Informed consent, risk-benefit rule Introduction to Sociology: ➔​ Founder of sociology: Emile Durkheim - Social forces & social facts ➔​ Theoretical perspectives: Functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism ➔​ Realistic conflict theory, i.e. Robber’s Cave Introduction to Psychology: ➔​ Schools of thought: Psychodynamic, Behaviorist, Cognitive, Humanistic, Developmental ➔​ Psychoanalysis: Sigmund Freud’s theory of the mind (ID, Ego, Superego), Karen Horney ➔​ Behaviourism: B.F. Skinner & Operant Conditioning, John Watson, Leta Stetter Hollingworth & variability hypothesis Introduction to Anthropology: ➔​ Ethnography ➔​ Participant Observation: Margaret Mead and Derek Freeman ➔​ Linguistic anthropology: historical, structural, sociolinguistics ➔​ Cultural Norms: Folkways, Mores, Taboos, Law ➔​ Functionalism and cultural materialist (infrastructure, structure, superstructure) theoretical perspectives ➔​ Norms, Values, Customs ➔​ Descent in culture, i.e. matrilineal, patrilineal, bilineal, matrilocal, patrilocal, neolocal ➔​ Functions of family Explanations of social change : ➔​ Anthro approach (invention; discovery; diffusion; globalization; cultural lag) ➔​ Psych approach (cognitive dissonance theory) ➔​ Soc approach ( aspects of social change; theories on nature of social change) ➔​ Conflict theory vs. functionalist approach to social change Technological development & social change ➔​ CRISPR technology & Designer DNA ◆​ Somatic vs. Germline editing ◆​ Therapy vs. Enhancement Deviance: ➔​ Sanctions (ex. Positive vs. negative, formal vs. informal) ➔​ Biological Explanations (ex. Biological essentialism) ➔​ Psychological Explanations (ex. Containment Theory) ➔​ Sociological principles of deviance ➔​ Types of deviance: consensus crimes, conflict crimes, social deviations, social diversions. ➔​ Functional Theory of Deviance (Durkheim) ➔​ Merton’s Strain Theory of Deviance ➔​ Labelling Theory of Deviance ➔​ New religious movements as both deviance and conformity Social Movements: ➔​ Theoretical perspectives - functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism ➔​ Types of movements, ex. Reformative, redemptive, transformative, alternative, resistance ➔​ Stages of social movements, ex. Preliminary, coalescence, institutionalization, decline ➔​ Theories of social movements, ex. Relative deprivation theory, mass society theory, ideological commitment. Changes in Land-Use & Technology ➔​ Agricultural Revolution ​ ◆​ Domestication of animals and plants ◆​ Contributions to social inequalities ◆​ Contributions to social progress ◆​ Functionalist and Conflict Theorist perspectives Life Expectancy - Current trends, theories etc. Social Stratification: ➔​ Principles of social stratification, ex. Cultural beliefs shape stratification, horizontal vs. upward/downward mobility etc. ➔​ Closed stratification systems, ex. Indian Caste System, Apartheid ➔​ Open stratification systems - Class systems, “tyranny of merit”, status inconsistency ➔​ Davis-Moore theory of social stratification ➔​ Interactionist perspective of social stratification - conspicuous consumption, cultural capital ➔​ W.E. Dubois and Race Conflict Theory ➔​ Measuring social inequality: achieved vs. ascribed status, low income cut-off vs. low income measure, absolute vs. relative poverty, status inconsistency, market basket measure, the gini coefficient, human development index, cultural hegemony, changing understanding of social class. Prejudice & Discrimination: ➔​ Overt, systemic, interpersonal discrimination ➔​ Theories of prejudice & discrimination: Learned theory; Ignorance theory; Frustration-aggression theory; Competition theory. ➔​ Ingroups & outgroups ➔​ Landmark case study: Jane Elliot