History Of Psychology PDF

What is psychology? From pre-course survey*: Many people responded: “The study of the mind” Other responses: “Why people do what they do” “How the brain functions” “Study of behavior” *See the pre-course survey located in the Week 1 module on BruinLearn. You can still participate!  What...

What is psychology? From pre-course survey*: Many people responded: “The study of the mind” Other responses: “Why people do what they do” “How the brain functions” “Study of behavior” *See the pre-course survey located in the Week 1 module on BruinLearn. You can still participate!  What is psychology? 5 Psyche Logos soul, spirit, mind the study of  What is psychology? 6 The scientific study of the mind & behavior Outline for Today 1. Syllabus and logistics 2. Historical roots of Psychology 3. Schools of thought in Psychology 4. Psychology today!  1. Historical Roots of Psychology 30 ¨ Psychology is relatively new science ¤ Wilhelm Wundt opened the first experimental psychology lab in 1879 ¤ But! The study of the mind and behavior dates back to ancient times  Psychology in Ancient Civilizations 31 ¨ Ancient Egyptian doctors linked traumatic brain injuries to behavioral changes lived in Military society where they had many conflicts that cause head injuries noticed it they - affects their function , personality  Psychology in Ancient Civilizations 32 Ancient Greek Philosophers contemplated the as grow we we origins of knowledge from enviornment learn born & build knowledge within ¨ Nature vs. nurture -- - Y knowledge came from we are not born w/knowledge but are born with blank within ,you just one slates and our experiencies build on I build that plate our knowledge Naturist Imparacist ancient Plato -philosophers - Aristotle  Psychology in Ancient Civilizations 33 Ancient Greek physician Hippocrates developed the world’s first personality classification based bodily on Huids - balance - good mental - unbalance > - bad mental  1. Historical Roots of Psychology 34 ¨ Psychology is relatively new science ¨ Has been influenced by Philosophy and the Sciences : ¤ Physics ¤ Evolution ¤ Medicine/ Physiology  Influence of Evolution: 1800s 35 ¨ Evolution by natural selection ¤ “survivalof the fittest” ! ¤ Behaviors are shaped by natural selection ex. how child displays attachment to care give ex. smaller beaks one area/bigger beaks another area Charles Darwin  Influence of Medicine: 1800s 36 Localization of brain function was studied using Phrenology - Skulls are formed differently... NOT PERFECTLY round - kind of like card reading that area means -so bump in have that behavior trait you  Influence of Medicine: 1800s 37 Case studies of brain injury while rod sent building railroad through skull in resulting change in his behavior Phineas Gage  Phineas Gage 38  Contemporary Psychology 39 ¨ 1879- 1st experimental psychology laboratory opened first Psych. lab ↳ Wilhelm Wundt Outline for Today 1. Syllabus and logistics 2. Historical roots of Psychology 3. Schools of thought in Psychology - affect we think about way psycology today  Schools of Thought 41 ¨ Structuralism vs. Functionalism ¨ Behaviorism ¨ Cognitive psychology ¨ Psychoanalytic ¨ Cross-Cultural Psychology  Structuralism 42 ¨ Structuralism à attempted to analyze conscious experience by breaking it down into basic elements ex. periodic table ¨ How is the mind structured? now can we live break down into small experiences Wilhelm Wundt Edward Titchener Mous Student/structuralist  Structuralism 43 ¨ Introspection ¤ Subjective observation of one’s own experiences describe experiment - task crunch color of apple , , components of perception...  Structuralism 44 ¨ Consider cilantro ↑ lavor varies by person fresh herbacious soapy ? - , , T genericeng  Structuralism 45 3+25 = ? > - 28 But how did I do that ?.. answer came subconciously  Structuralism 46 Limitations: (weaknesses ¨ Experience is subjective ¨ Difficult to access subconscious aspects of cognition hard to report > -  Functionalism 47 ¨ Functionalism à the study of the purpose and function of behaviors and mental worried about processes (not the structure breaking) ¨ Influenced by Darwin's Theory of Evolution ¨ What the mind does? ex Structure YS functionalism. now we how does fan put far cool room ? together ↓ Or worried about structure but about FUNCTION  Schools of Thought 48 ¨ Structuralism vs. Functionalism ¨ Behaviorism ¨ Cognitive psychology ¨ Psychoanalytic ¨ Cross-Cultural Psychology  The Rise of Behaviorism 49 ¨ Behaviorism à study only observable behavior ¤ Behavior is less subjective, more scientific how behavior shaped from experience ex choosing how I was going to school driving walk bike bus etc. - , , , , think about consequences & of behavior - training reward shapes behavior dog s... behaviorist box - brain and processes wont open that go in the brain , DOX  box) Cognitive Psychology(do want to open Elizabeth Loftus memory , solvina attention P Brenda Milner  Schools of Thought 51 ¨ Structuralism vs. Functionalism ¨ Behaviorism ¨ Cognitive psychology ¨ Psychoanalytic ¨ Cross-Cultural Psychology  Psychoanalytic Perspective 52 ¨ Psychoanalytic theoryà attempts to explain how behavior and personality are influenced by unconscious processes ? crazes drive mind decisions I looking into ones past to get an idea of ones present Sigmund Freud  Prominence of School of Thought 53 Cross-Cultural Psychology ¨ Cross-cultural psychologyà is a field that draws comparisons about individual and group behaviors across cultures  Cross-cultural Psychology 56 Top Psychology Journals estern ducated ndustrialized 96% WESTERN ich INDUSTRIALIZED emocratic articles published majority of Arnett, 2008; Henrich, Heine, Norenzayan, 2010 under WEIRD by countries that fall  Cross-cultural Psychology 57 estern ducated ndustrialized ich 12% of world’s population think of the west or red areas what emocratic we , , the WEIRD characteristics in general abo of research done by 12 % Arnett, 2008; Henrich, Heine, Norenzayan, 2010 of population , so we really need more cross-cultural research to understand how psycological processes relate to larger world  Outline for today 58 1. Syllabus and logistics 2. Historical roots of Psychology 3. Schools of thought in Psychology 4. Psychology Today! What does psychology today encompass? vast majority will be seen in class - ¨ Basic Research - ask questions about cognesion E behavior real that is applied to ¨ Applied Research -research so what we learn in life setting... basic research and how it acts/applied in real world for basic research found useful Translational Research ex ↳ - ¨ do. Now someone might studying. applied research study by applying - translate scientific it to real school curriculars and compare to other study techniques findings for the to test accuracy public , in way to impact their life What does psychology today encompass? Biological / Physiological / Neuroscience ¨ Ifunctionality ¤ Brain, neurons, neurochemicals ¨ Cognitive ¤ Thinking, memory, attention ¨ Developmental ¤ Change over time ¨ Social ¤ How do people interact? What does psychology today encompass? ¨ Clinical ¤ Mental illness ¨ Educational ¤ Educational techniques, diagnosis ¨ Forensic ¤ Criminal and legal matters ¨ Industrial-organizational ¤ In the workplace  Boundaries ¨ But the distinction is not always clear. § At UCLA, Clinical Psychologists are largely involved in research, not practice ¨ Sub-areas overlap in their interests, spawning new areas § Social Cognitive Neuroscience