Semester 1 Exam Study Guide 2024-25 PDF

Semester 1 Exam Study Guide 2024-25 Unit 1 - World Religions Terms: (define AND explain how they fit into the story) religion monotheistic polytheistic Main Ideas: for all religions, know: ○ founder (if there is one), place of worship, sacred text(s) Christianity:...

Semester 1 Exam Study Guide 2024-25 Unit 1 - World Religions Terms: (define AND explain how they fit into the story) religion monotheistic polytheistic Main Ideas: for all religions, know: ○ founder (if there is one), place of worship, sacred text(s) Christianity: ○ historical events: Constantine Charlemagne Great Schism Crusades ○ holy days/sites: when the Sabbath is celebrated, sacraments Judaism: ○ main beliefs: kosher, name for God ○ historical events: Diaspora ○ holy days/sites: when the Sabbath is celebrated Islam: ○ main beliefs: Five Pillars halal Allah what decorates the inside of a mosque and why ○ historical events: Angel Gabriel Hijrah Sunni, Shia, and reason why the religions split ○ holy days/sites: Eid al Fitr when most Muslims go to the mosque the Kaaba the city that is holy for all monotheistic religions - Jerusalem the prophets that monotheistic religions have in common - Abraham, Noah, Moses Hinduism: ○ main beliefs: karma and the caste system reincarnation yoga ○ historical events: Aryan Migration caste system ○ holy days/sites: Ganges River (and its effect on Hindus)  Angkor Wat Buddhism: ○ leader: Dalai Lama ○ main beliefs: Four Noble Truths Eightfold Path Nirvana reincarnation ○ historical events: Ashoka Skills: recognize similarities and differences between all 5 religions (i.e. Ashoka and Constantine) WRITTEN OPTIONS: Choose 1 ○ Compare and contrast 2 of the 3 monotheistic religions (Judaism, Islam, Christianity). Name at least 2 similarities and 3 differences. ○ Contrast how Hinduism and Buddhism view the caste system. WRITTEN OPTIONS: Choose 1 ○ write the Five Pillars of Islam ○ write the Four Noble Truths Unit 2 - African Civilizations Terms: (define AND explain how they fit into the story) Sahel matrilineal griot hajj madrasa sharia subsistence farming Swahili Main Ideas: describe the 4 major climate zones of Africa West Africa: ○ role of gold and salt ○ role of the Niger River ○ role of trans-Saharan trade routes ○ Ghana role of iron weapons Tenkamenin/”people’s king” ○ Mali Mansa Musa & his major contribution significance of Timbuktu ○ Songhai Askia Muhammad & his major contribution ○ Kingdom of Benin - role of cowrie shells East Africa ○ Aksum King Ezana/religion  achievements ○ Swahili culture combines which 2 groups Great Zimbabwe ○ describe the ruins and explain how they are significant ○ describe the role of Islam in Great Zimbabwe vs other cultures how the Bantu Migration influenced African history Skills: identify kingdoms or civilizations by region (i.e. Aksum and Swahili culture are in East Africa) Unit 3 - Renaissance and Reformation Terms: (define AND explain how they fit into the story) Renaissance humanism patron (of the arts) vernacular “Renaissance man” Reconquista Inquisition Reformation Protestant 95 Theses Martin Luther indulgences “priesthood of all believers” transubstantiation 30 Years’ War Peace of Westphalia Counter-Reformation Main Ideas: identify the major city of the Renaissance explain the contributions of the following Renaissance people: ○ The Medici Family, Filippo Brunelleschi, William Shakespeare, Michelangelo, Donatello, Leonardo da Vinci, Johannes Gutenberg, Miguel de Cervantes, Desiderius Erasmus and Francisco Petrarcha (Petrarch), Niccolo Machiavelli the impact of the printing press on world history explain the impacts of the following figures on Renaissance history: Ferdinand and Isabella interpret the quotes from The Prince ○ “The answer is, of course, that it would be best to be both loved and feared. But since the two rarely come together, anyone compelled to choose will find greater security in being feared than in being loved.” ○ “If a virtuous leader came along to overthrow a tyrant by force, then the ends would justify the means, that they would be judged by the results, not the action of overthrowing.” describe the reforms John Wycliffe and Jan Hus proposed define the Reformation and explain how Christianity changed because of it identify the significance of October 31, 1517 identify the main beliefs of Martin Luther and the 95 Theses  ○ explain what Luther believed about indulgences, salvation, the source of authority, marriage of the clergy, sacraments, etc. describe the causes and effects of the 30 Years’ War identify the major contributions of John Calvin and Ulrich Zwingli explain why the reign of Elizabeth I is considered a Golden Age of European history Skills: WRITTEN OPTIONS: Choose 1 ○ Compare and contrast Italian and Northern Renaissance art. Name at least 2 similarities and 2 differences. ○ Describe at least 3 issues leading to the Reformation. ○ Explain the causes, events, and effects of the Reformation in England Unit 4 - Global Empires Terms: (define AND explain how they fit into the story) be familiar with words for new technologies: astrolabe, quadrant, sextant, compass, cartography, telescope, lateen sails, caravel, almanac Columbian Exchange Treaty of Tordesillas “closed country” policy indigenous maize slash & burn agriculture chinampas Templo Mayor terraced farming quipu conquistadors encomienda social classes: ○ peninsulares ○ creoles ○ mestizos ○ mulattos joint stock company Powhatan cash crop Pilgrims/Separatists Mayflower Compact Squanto/Tisquantum Main Ideas: know the 3 G’s and be able to explain them identify how specific events impacted the Age of Exploration: ○ Marco Polo’s book, Ottoman Turks conquering Constantinople in 1453 CE, Ferdinand and Isabella identify the contributions of early explorers: Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta identify the contributions of these explorers:  ○ Vasco da Gama, Christopher Columbus, Ferdinand Magellan, Amerigo Vespucci, Samuel de Champlain, Henry Hudson main effect of the Columbian Exchange on the Americas describe the changes the Ming Dynasty of China and the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan made toward European explorers Maya: ○ major city, achievements Aztecs: ○ capital city, conquistador who conquered them, chinampas Inca: ○ major city, capital city, conquistador who conquered them, achievements explain the main impact of the encomienda system identify the names, locations, and founders of the English, French, and Dutch colonies in North America ○ knowing the years of each settlement would help, but it is not necessary identify the most likely theory for the “Lost Colony” of Roanoke explain why Jamestown was founded and who founded it identify the impact of John Rolfe on the Jamestown colony know which groups celebrated the first Thanksgiving in 1621 describe how the French colonists were different than other European colonists identify the main industry in the French colonies explain what happened to the Dutch colony in 1662 Skills: locate the Maya, Inca, and Aztec civilizations on a map fill in the diagram of Spanish social classes WRITTEN OPTIONS: Choose 1 ○ Explain how at least 4 different technologies contributed to the Age of Exploration ○ Describe EITHER the conquest of the Inca or the Aztecs ○ Outline all of the main issues of the Jamestown colonists Mini-Unit: Transatlantic Slave Trade Terms: Middle Passage triangular trade Olaudah Equiano abolitionist Main Ideas: understand that slavery has existed for almost all of human history explain how the Transatlantic Slave Trade influenced African kingdoms describe conditions on the Middle Passage and for enslaved Africans describe working and living conditions faced by enslaved Africans ○ recall specific examples from the Middle Passage and the Cape Coast Castle Unit 5 - Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment Terms: (define AND explain how they fit into the story) Scientific Revolution heliocentric theory ellipse  Enlightenment philosophe salon absolute monarchy natural rights separation of powers checks and balances social contract theory capitalism Enlightened despots Main Ideas: explain how both the Renaissance and Age of Exploration led to the Scientific Revolution identify the contributions of the following scientists: ○ Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler, Galileo, Isaac Newton, William Harvey, Robert Hooke, Margaret Cavendish, Rene Descartes (including his famous quote), Sir Francis Bacon explain what happened to Galileo as a result of his teachings know the other names for the Enlightenment era and why those names are used explain how salons influenced the development of Enlightenment ideas identify the book and major ideas of the following philosophes: ○ Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, Voltaire, Mary Wollstonecraft, Jean-Jacqures Rousseau, Adam Smith identify the countries each of the following Enlightened despots ruled: ○ Frederick the Great, Peter the Great, Catherine the Great, Joseph II Skills: interpret the following quotes and identify the figures who said them: ○ “Without government, our lives would be solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.” ○ “I do not like what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.” WRITTEN OPTIONS: Choose 1 ○ Explain how the Scientific Revolution represented a revolution ○ Compare and contrast the actions of 2 “Enlightened despots” in at least 3 areas - culture, religion, rights of citizens, law, education, etc. Map Section - You will label a map in class and will be given this map key on a separate piece of paper. Europe Map 1. England 2. Netherlands 3. France 4. Spain 5. Portugal 6. Italy 7. Germany/Holy Roman Empire World Map 8. Atlantic Ocean (also on Europe map) 9. Pacific Ocean 10. Indian Ocean 11. Mediterranean Sea (also on Europe map) 12. Red Sea 13. Caribbean Sea 14. Hudson Bay 15. Chesapeake Bay 16. St. Lawrence River 17. Mississippi River 18. Nile River 19. Niger River 20. Greenland 21. Newfoundland 22. Hispaniola 23. Yucatan Peninsula 24. Panama 25. Brazil 26. Ethiopia 27. Mali 28. Ghana 29. Zimbabwe 30. Cape of Good Hope 31. India 32. China 33. Philippines 34. Australia 35. East Indies 36. West Indies