World History Midterm Study Guide PDF

World History Midterm 23-24 Multiple Choice Review Guide Notes, previous study guides, & slideshows are compiled under the MIDTERM section in Classroom → sorted by unit Unit 1: Early Modern Times Notes Question Answer # 1 1.​ The Renaissan...

World History Midterm 23-24 Multiple Choice Review Guide Notes, previous study guides, & slideshows are compiled under the MIDTERM section in Classroom → sorted by unit Unit 1: Early Modern Times Notes Question Answer # 1 1.​ The Renaissance began in Italy Banking & trade because of money made through: 2.​ The Renaissance encouraged Creativity _____________ in the arts 2 3.​ Leonardo Da Vinci was a “Renaissance Skilled in variety of subjects Man”. What does that mean? 4.​ List the 5 characteristics of ​ shadows Renaissance art: ​ oil paints ​ create depth and perspective ​ more realistic depiction of the human form ​ more than only religious subjects 3 5.​ The original goal of the Protestant Reform the catholic church Reformation was to: 6.​ Martin Luther criticized the church for Indulgences selling ______________ to its members 7.​ What event was the start of the Martin Luther posts the 95 Theses on the Protestant Reformation? church door 8.​ The wars that broke out between Political Protestant and Catholic nations showed the Reformation caused conflicts that were both religious and _________ 4 9.​ How did the Printing Press help the More books available → higher literacy rates Renaissance era? (people learn to read) 10.​ How did the Northern/English More LITERATURE/PLAYS Renaissance differ from the Italian Renaissance? 6 11.​ What made the European conquest of Diseases killed 90% of Native population the Native American population quick & because they had no immunity built up easy? (Why were the Natives at a disadvantage?) Unit 1A: Absolutism  Notes Question Answer # 1 12.​ Define absolute monarch. How did they rule? Did they share power or keep 1.​ Chosen by Divine Right (chosen by it for themselves? God)​ 2.​ Make all decisions about what is BEST for the nation - 1 person/monarch rukes​ 3.​ Do not share power with any governing authority​ 4.​ Protect & expand all by yourself a.​ Make laws, collect taxes, & raise army 13.​ Define divine right Chosen by God 2 14.​ Describe Louis XIV’s power. Did he Ruled with absolute authority for 72 years share power or dominate? (made all decisions) 3 15.​ What was Tsar Peter the Great (Russia) Modernize/westernize Russia known for doing? - 16.​ What event ended Absolute Monarchy The English Civil War between the King & in England eventually paving the way Parliament for Constitutional Monarchy in years to come? Unit 2: Enlightenment Notes Question Answer # 1 17.​ The Enlightenment was a time of Politics, religion, economics, and social critical thinking about what topics? issues 18.​ What types of leaders did Absolute Monarchs (with the exception of Enlightenment thinkers oppose? Hobbes) 19.​ Define “suffrage” The right for a person to vote 20.​ Define “Enlightened Despot” An Absolute Monarch who tried Enlightenment ideas 21.​ Enlightened thinking led to these two Reforms and revolutions changes in nations across Europe: 2 22.​ Montesquieu believed the purpose of 3 Protect the liberties of the people branches of government was to:  3 23.​ What US founding document best Declaration of Independence reflects the social contract? Unit 3: French Revolution Notes Question Answer # 1 24.​ Which Estate paid all of the taxes in 3rd France? 25.​ What were the problems that led to the The French treasury was broke; the people French Revolution? were poor; insensitive king 26.​ Which Estate did the bourgeoisie 3rd belong to? 2 27.​ How did Monarchs from other European They were afraid it would spread countries feel about the French Revolution? Did they support it? Oppose it? 28.​ What was the goal of Robespierre’s crush all opposition to the revolution as Reign of Terror? France was being attacked by outside forces 3 29.​ What was the main goal of the European heads were looking to establish Congress of Vienna? long-lasting peace and stability across Europe after the defeat of Napoleon 30.​ What did the Congress of Vienna fail to Future problems with nationalism → some foresee when redrawing the map of groups did not get their own countries Europe? 31.​ What was the end result of the French French society went from an absolute Revolution? monarchy to constitutional monarchy 4 32.​ Who lost rights under the Napoleonic Women code? Unit 4: Industrial Revolution Notes Question Answer # 1 33.​ How did the Agricultural Revolution help It needed less farmers enabling the Industrial lead to industrialization? Revolution to occur 34.​ What caused the population explosion in Agricultural Revolution, Better hygiene and the early 1700s? sanitation, less deadly plagues  35.​ Why did Britain lead the way in the Natural resources, human resources, stable Industrial Revolution? government, people willing to invest money into new businesses, and people buying into the concept of new technologies they saw that helped the Age of Exploration 36.​ What was Britain’s first major industry? Textiles (What goods were produced?) 2 37.​ What group benefited the most from the Middle Class Industrial Revolution? 3 38.​ Describe life in the tenements: Harsh and overcrowded 4 39.​ Karl Marx was the thinker behind There were only a few wealthy people while communism. What conditions did he see the majority of people were poor that made him believe workers should have more power? 40.​ How did the 2nd Industrial Rev differ New modes of transportation, new forms of from the 1st? communication, & new sources of energy Unit 5: Nationalism Notes Question Answer # 1 41.​ Define nationalism Having love and pride for your people and nation 42.​ What event sparked German Napoleon’s invasion Nationalism? 43.​ What did OVB mean by “Blood & Iron”? Blood = German nationalism Iron = Prussian military power 44.​ Liberals wanted governments based on: Constitutions & democracy 45.​ Conservative wanted governments The old monarchies of the day - restore based on: power to the royal families 46.​ Nationalism was seen as a threat to: The old monarchies of the day 2 47.​ Describe OVB’s “realpolitik”: 1.​ Bismarck’s political philosophy 2.​ Politics based on power rather than ideals 3.​ Do whatever it takes to achieve political goals → manipulation &  military force 3 48.​ Italy was unified under King Victor Sardinia Emmanuel. What Kingdom did he rule over with Count Camillo Cavour? 49.​ Count Camillo Cavour connected the Railroad newly-unified Italy using what mode of transportation? 4 50.​ Define pogrom:​ Mob attacks against Jewish people (we saw an example from Russia in the scene from “Fiddler on the Roof” 51.​ Why did nationalist conflict break out Nationalism led to the breakup of the in the Austro-Hungarian empire? Austro-Hungarian Empire because it (Known as the “powder-keg” of Europe) fostered a sense of identity and allegiance among different ethnic groups within the empire. Each group began to see itself as separate and distinct from the others, leading to secession and independence calls. 5 52.​ The three pillars of Russian absolutism 1- Autocracy were: 2- Orthodoxy 3- RUSSIAN NATIONALISM 53.​ One obstacle to Russia’s industrial An old-fashioned social structure based on progress was: serfdom 54.​ Known as Tsar Liberator, Alexander II’s Freeing the serfs greatest achievement was: