HISTORY EXAM REVIEW (1) PDF

DEFINE EACH WORD. World View A collection of beliefs and values of life, people, universe held by an individual or a group. Assimilation It is the process of trying to convert someone into a specific group by ta...

DEFINE EACH WORD. World View A collection of beliefs and values of life, people, universe held by an individual or a group. Assimilation It is the process of trying to convert someone into a specific group by taking away culture. Treaty They are legally binding agreements that set out the rights, responsibilities and relationships of all treaty people Enfranchisement Its is someone losing their indian status to gain Canadian citizenship. Monopoly A monopoly gave a merchants exclusive rights to profit from a colony. The Indian Act The Indian Act is the law which the federal government manages Indian status, local First Nations governments and reserves. Metis Descendants of relations between Indigenous women and European men. They were born in mixed culture. Inuit Indigenous people who are descendants to northern Canada. Reconciliation Establishing a meaningful relationship between Indigenous people and non indigenous people. Mercantilism European countries made the economic rules that setting the price of raw resources low but manufactured resources high. and was made to make the european countries rich. Whaling Inuit helping europeans in 1700s in exchange for weapons and ammunition. Haudenosaunee Confederacy Alliance of five nations which was the oldest democracy on earth. The french knew this as the Iroquois. First Nations People A term used in preference to a legal term “staus Indian” to identify them. Imperialism When a country wants to expand their power and or influence beyond its borders. Nation A country or a group of people with a shared sense of national. Red River Cart A wagon made from wood pulled by horses to carry goods. Internalized Racism Abuse from residential schools that caused a loss of pride in indigenous children. Wampum Belt A belt designed with white and purple shell beads to mark an important agreement between people.  A York boat was a type of large wooden boat used in York Boat the fur trade in Canada Colony It’s a place where new settlers live to help manage and control the area Louis Riel He is a Canadian politician who is known for creating manitoba and for his leadership of the Metis. Systemic Racism Systemic racism means that unfair treatment of people based on their race is built into the rules, systems Tokenism It is when an organization includes small amount of people from a underrepresented group to make them included. Indian Agent A non indigenous person who represent the Canadian government on reserves to uphold the Idian act. The Sixties Scoop It’s when thousands of Indigenous children where taken from their families and placed them non indigenous homes. Seigneury Seignury was a system used in New France (Canada) where land was given to wealthy landowners The Crown The government of Canada Filles Du Roi were young French women who were sent to New France to help populate the colony. The women were typically poor or orphans. Ally It is a person or group who stands up for a group or cause. Pemmican A light weight food made from bison meat and berries. The Fur Trade was the business of hunting animals for their fur and selling them for profit. Back then europeans traded goods with indigenous people for fur. This whole thing helped create relationships between indigenous people. Jesuits The jesuits are men that came to new france as missionaries. Their goal was to spread education help the poor and they worked in schools.. Cree Both an indigenous language and indigenous people. The Cree are one of the largest Indigenous groups in North America.The Cree language is a group of related Algonquian languages spoken by the Cree people. Voyageurs (oh hoho) Voyageurs were French-Canadian explorers and fur traders who traveled by canoe Norse Vikings The Vikings were most likely the first europeans to reach the east coast of canada. Self-Govening Self-governing means have the ability to make your own decisions and , manage your own affairs without  being controlled by others. Anishinaabe Anishinaabe is the term used by a group of Indigenous peoples in North America. It means "original people" Elder, Senator, Wisdom Keeper An elder refers to an older person, often someone who Aboriginal peoples.Aboriginal people is a broad term used to describe First Nations, Métis, and Inuit peoples who are the original inhabitants of Canada. Coureur De Bois was a French-Canadian fur trapper and trader during the fur trade. Known for land and suvivor skills 3. What are the three branches of Indigeneity? How are they different? The tree branches of indigeneity are inuit, first nations, and metis. ​ First Nations peoples have diverse cultures. ​ Métis their beliefs are based on people of mixed Indigenous and European ancestry. ​ Inuit their beliefs are about adaptability because of them living in extreme environments. 4. Who were the first people to arrive on this land? The first people to arrive on land was the indigenous people 5. What specific examples from this section can you give to describe the world views of First Nations, Metis, and Inuit peoples? First Nations worldview focuses on connections between all things, between the physical world and the spiritual world. For example the circle of life. The Metis worldview focused on the indigenous people and the european cultures. The metis used the land for hunting like the first nations and the used the european farming practices. Inuit focus on a lot of oral traditions one being the passing down their stories and knowledge through elders. 6. Reflect on what you have read so far about Aboriginal values. Why is it important for people to reflect on their values? Reflecting on Aboriginal values helps to gain personal growth by reflecting on their own learning and improving themselves to be a good version of themselves. Reflecting on their values helps decision making based of the values and their own beliefs. 7. What is self-governance? Why is self-governance important to any Nation? It is a group that has the right to make its own decisions and manage its own stuff without control. Self-governance helps to protect traditions, culture and freedoms. Example: the haunoasaunee confederacy made decisions together before taking action and they focused on peace. 8.How did French and British colonies of North America differ? Why did they want the land? Howdid they perceive and interact with each other and First Nations people? French = supply and fur British = land for farming 9.What kind of people (careers, demographics, ages, etc.) came to New France and why? Was moving to the colonies a popular idea? Why or why not? Fur traders and settlers came to new france to trade and explore land and settlers wanted to build homes. It was a popular idea because of the fur trade and the encouragement of the crown. People wanted to go to france because of new opportunities for living on land and trading. 10. Describe the role of the Catholic Church and Clergy at the time of colonization. How were they perceived by European colonizers and by Indigenous communities? The catholic church and clergy spread Christianity and supported the European colonization. European colonizers saw the clergy as important leaders and guides. They helped with their territory. To the indigenous people, they saw the church as a force to get rid of their beliefs. Some accepted it. 11. In what ways were Indigenous communities initially affected by colonization? How were Indigenous ways of living changed (for the better and worse) in the long-term? the Europeans forced the indigenous people away from the land,they brought new disease that the indigenous people did not know how to treat and the kidnapping some first nations to other colonys to enslave them. The indigenous people could not hunt or fish. The long term was the loss of culture from residential schools, and banning their traditional dances and the effects of intergenerational trauma in families. 12.Who are the Metis? Why have they historically been important to the country? a.What was their role in the fur trade?.What is the connection between the Metis and the coureur du bois? The metis has a mixed ancestry of Indigenous women and european man.The Métis have played a key role in the history and development of Canada, especially in areas like Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta. They created strong relationships between both Indigenous and European groups, they were translators, and navigated the york boat and red river cart. which were vital for the success of the fur trade. The metis were descendants of the cour de bois and they were both skilled in the fur trade, some people independent fur trappers and traders. 13.Describe the relationships between First Nations, Metis, and Inuit communities and theEuropeans. Were the relationships mutually beneficial? Why or why not? The First Nations formed alliances with the euroeans, particularly during the fur trade. The fur trade was a major reason for early interactions. They both benefed by exchanging goods with each other and the alliance in new france. Metis had trade benefits for both Indigenous peoples and Europeans. They were skilled by the hunting, trapping and navigation from both the indigenous people and the europeans. The Inuit had contact with European explorers and whalers and they traded whaleskins for european goods. At the beginning they were both mutaly beneficial because of their exchange of goods and resources that helped the indigenous communities. 14. How did language historically affect the relationships between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples, especially in terms of treaties? There was a language barrier between the two. Some of the translations they used were not clear. They both had different meanings of treaties. For Indigenous people, the thought about the land being shared but Europeans thought about the land being owned. 15. Describe the Red River Resistance. What is the difference between a province and a territory?What role did Louis Riel play in this conflict? The canadian government bought ruperts land from hudsons bay company with out talking to the metis first (they were living there. It was their territory.) metis got worried because now settlers were going to their land and might take over. Until louis riel came in and decided to stand up for the metis (he is one of them). They formed a provisional government to represent their rights. The Canadian government negotiated with them and it created the Manitoba act for the protections of the metis. A province has control over its own government, laws,education. Territory is governed by the federal government and has less control over local matters. 16.On what day are Indigenous Veterans honoured? November 8 17.How were Indigenous men and women treated during wartime? What difficulties did they experience before, during, and after the war? At first they were faced with dicrimination but indigenous men still faought in world war 1 and 2. During the war they were treated equally serving from their skills. After they were not treated as civilians to the canadian goverment. And did not recive residents. 18. What is the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada? Which First Nations lawyer worked to create this initiative in Canada? When did they begin their work? The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) was a project in Canada to learn about and talk about the harm caused by residential schools. Phil Fontaine is a first nation leader who helped to start it. The TRC began its work in 2008 and completed its final report in 2015. 19.How many Calls to Action are there? What is a Call to Action? A Call to Action is a suggestion for what should be done to fix the harm caused by the residential schools. There were 94 calls. 20.What are residential schools? When were they in operation and for what purpose? How did residential schools support cultural assimilation? Be specific in your examples. Residential schools were schools where Indigenous children were taken away from their families and communities. It was to assimilate Indigenous children into European culture. Kids were forced to religion that they didn't believe in and forbade their language. 21. What is the Indian Act? To whom does the Indian Act apply? When was the Indian Act created? What year was the Indian Act abolished? is a law created by the Canadian government to control the of lifes of Indigenous peoples. This applies to the First Nations people of canada. Created in 1876. 22. List as many specific policies and rules of the Indian Act as you can. How was/is the Indian Act sexist? How was the Indian Act racist? It controls land because if they are in reseverves they cannot own land, status Indian, education, They could not vote unless they gave up their indian status. It was esxist because if an indigenous woman married an non indigenous man she loses her status but if a indigenous man married a non ingenious woman he gain status. It is racist because they treated people with indian staus differently they had ristrictions over certain things. 23. What does it mean to be a “Status Indian”? Status Indian means that you are an indigenous person to the Canadian government under the Indian act. 24. What is a missionary? What was their purpose during colonization? A missionary is a person, from a religious group, who travels to different places to spread their religion and beliefs. During colonization, missionaries played an important role in the European effort to spread Christianity, particularly to Indigenous peoples. And changing thier culture. 26. On what day do Canadians celebrate Truth and Reconciliation? Sep 30 27. What is Truth and Reconciliation? What is one example of Reconciliation you have seen in action in your community? acknowledging the harm done to Indigenous peoples, particularly through the residential school. In my community reconciliation can be seen by celebrating indigenous culture festivals and traditional dances providing information. 28. What is intergenerational trauma and why do so many First Nations, Metis, and Inuit individuals experience it? Intergenerational truma is the passing down of phycological effects of residential schools from traumatic experiences. In residential schools they taught children to view their culture as a shame and forcing the christian religon on them. If they expressed thier culture in any way they were punished in mental and physical abuse. After their closure the survivors of the school gained trauma and difficulty expressing affection with their family. 29. Where did Samuel de de Champlain found the first French settlement in Canada in 1608? He found it in Quebec which was the first french colony in north america. 30. When did residential school survivors receive an official apology from the Canadian government? How did people feel about the statement? Residential school survivors received an official apology from the Canadian government on June 11, 2008. It was from prime minister stephen harper. He reactions were mixed some felt like the apology was a step for healing while others it felt like there need to be more. 31. On what two treaties is Orillia located? It was located in williams treaties and john collin’s purchase. 32. What is a treaty? Were treaties fair or unfair to the First Nations, Metis, and Inuit? Why? A treaty is an agreement made between Indigenous peoples and the government. In Canada, treaties were signed to allow the government to take control of land and certain rights. They were unfair because of misunderstandings through language from the indigenous people. They did not have a full understanding of the european concept of the land. There were mostly broken promises by the Canadian government. And the loss of land in exchange for resources but the resources were not delivered to the indigenous people.