Indigenous Peoples and Canadian Law

A province has control over its own government, laws, and education. A territory is governed by the federal government and has less control over local matters.

The Indian Act

The Métis, often seen as a culturally unique group, are descendants of relationships between European fur traders, known as "coureur du bois," and Indigenous women. The coureur du bois were French traders who operated outside of the official fur trade system, often conducting trade with Indigenous peoples directly

<p>Self-governing means having the ability to make your own decisions and manage your own affairs without being controlled by others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the process of trying to convert someone into a specific group by taking away culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are legally binding agreements that set out the rights, responsibilities, and relationships of all treaty people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It means someone losing their Indian status to gain Canadian citizenship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A monopoly gave a merchant exclusive rights to profit from a colony.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A belt designed with white and purple shell beads to mark an important agreement between people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abuse from residential schools that caused a loss of pride in Indigenous children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Systematic racism means that unfair treatment of people based on their race is built into the rules, systems, and practices of a society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A wagon made from wood pulled by horses to carry goods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A country or a group of people with a shared sense of national identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Catholic Church and clergy spread Christianity and supported European colonization. European colonizers saw them as important leaders and guides, helping with territorial expansion. Indigenous peoples, however, often saw the church as a force to undermine their traditional beliefs and cultures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When a country wants to expand their power and influence beyond its borders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A term used in preference to a legal term &quot;status Indian&quot; to identify them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alliance of five nations which was the oldest democracy on earth. The French knew this as the Iroquois.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A light weight food made from bison meat and berries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was the business of hunting animals for their fur and selling them for profit. Back then Europeans traded goods with Indigenous people for fur. This helped to create relationships between Indigenous people and Europeans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Jesuits are men that came to New France as missionaries. Their goal was to spread education, help the poor, and they worked in schools.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both an Indigenous language and Indigenous people. The Cree are one of the largest Indigenous groups in North America. The Cree language is a group of related Algonquian languages spoken by the Cree people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Voyageurs were French-Canadian explorers and fur traders who traveled by canoe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Vikings were most likely the first Europeans to reach the east coast of Canada.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A York boat was a type of large wooden boat used in the fur trade in Canada.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He is a Canadian politician who is known for creating Manitoba and for his leadership of the Métis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is when an organization includes a small amount of people from an underrepresented group to make them included.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A non-Indigenous person who represents the Canadian government on reserves to uphold the Indian Act.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It's when thousands of Indigenous children were taken from their families and placed in non-Indigenous homes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seigneury was a system used in New France (Canada) where land was given to wealthy landowners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The government of Canada.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Were young French women who were sent to New France to help populate the colony. The women were typically poor or orphans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a person or group who stands up for a group or cause.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anishinaabe is the term used by a group of Indigenous peoples in North America. It means &quot;original people.&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An elder refers to an older person, often someone who is respected for their wisdom and knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aboriginal Peoples is a broad term used to describe First Nations, Métis, and Inuit peoples who are the original inhabitants of Canada.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A French-Canadian fur trapper and trader during the fur trade. Known for land and survival skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three branches of Indigeneity are Inuit, First Nations, and Métis. First Nations peoples have diverse cultures. Métis peoples are a mix of Indigenous and European ancestry. Inuit peoples focus on adaptability because of their living in extreme environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The first people to arrive in Canada were Indigenous peoples.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>First Nations worldview focuses on connections between all things, between the physical world and the spiritual world. For example the circle of life. The Métis worldview focused on the Indigenous people and the European cultures. The Métis used the land for hunting like the First Nations and used European farming practices. Inuit focus on a lot of oral traditions, one being the passing down of their stories and knowledge through elders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reflecting on Indigenous values helps to gain personal growth by reflecting on their own learning and improving themselves to be a good version of themselves. It also aids decision making based on their values and their own beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a group that has the right to make its own decisions and manage its own stuff without control. Self-governance helps to protect traditions, culture and freedoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>French colonies primarily focused on the fur trade while British colonies were more focused on land ownership and farming. The French established trading partnerships with Indigenous people and often viewed the land as a valuable resource for fur trade. The British often saw the land as a resource for farming and settlement and sometimes had conflicts with Indigenous nations over land rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fur traders and settlers came to New France to trade and explore land. Settlers sought to build homes in the new territory. It was often seen as a popular idea, driven by the promise of opportunity within the fur trade and the encouragement of the crown.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indigenous communities faced displacement, disease, and forced assimilation. Europeans forced them away from their traditional lands and introduced diseases they had no immunity to. The long-term effects included the loss of traditional knowledge and practices, cultural disruption, and the trauma of forced assimilation which continues to affect Indigenous people today.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Language barriers often led to misunderstandings and misinterpretations of treaties. Indigenous people and European colonists often had different understandings of concepts like land ownership, resource sharing, and boundaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>November 8</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indigenous soldiers often faced discrimination, both before and after the wars. Despite their service, they didn't always receive the respect and support they deserved. Many faced prejudice, were denied full citizenship rights, and had difficulty accessing the same services as other veterans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) was a project in Canada to learn about and talk about the harm caused by residential schools. Phil Fontaine, a First Nation leader, played a key role in establishing the TRC. Their work began in 2008.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There are 94 Calls to Action. A Call to Action is a suggestion for what should be done to fix the harm caused by the residential schools.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Residential schools were boarding schools where Indigenous children were forced to attend, removed from their families and communities. They operated from the late 19th century to the late 20th century, initially intended to assimilate Indigenous children into European culture and suppress their own languages and traditional practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Indian Act is a law created by the Canadian government to control the lives of Indigenous peoples. This applies to First Nations people of Canada. It was created in 1876. The Indian Act is still in effect today, though many argue it should be abolished.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Indian Act controls land access, status, education, and voting rights for Indigenous peoples. It has been criticized as sexist because it has historically denied Indigenous women equal rights and opportunities compared to Indigenous men, like the loss of status if an Indigenous woman married a non-Indigenous man. It has also been criticized as racist, as it imposes conditions on Indigenous people that are not imposed on non-Indigenous people, including restrictions on certain activities and rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It means that an Indigenous person is recognized by the Canadian government under the Indian Act.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A missionary is a person who travels to different places to spread their religion and beliefs. During colonization, missionaries aimed to spread Christianity by engaging with Indigenous peoples, often in the hopes of changing their culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Canadians celebrate Truth and Reconciliation Day on September 30.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Truth and Reconciliation involves acknowledging the harm done to Indigenous peoples through the residential school system and working towards healing and a renewed relationship. An example of reconciliation could be seeing the celebration of Indigenous culture, traditions, and dances. It fosters respect for the rich heritage of Indigenous peoples.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intergenerational trauma refers to the passing down of the psychological effects of traumatic experiences. For Indigenous peoples, the trauma of residential schools continues to impact generations. They endured abuse, language suppression, forced assimilation, and family separation. These traumatic experiences often cause lasting effects in their psychological and emotional wellbeing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Samuel de Champlain founded the first French settlement, Quebec, in 1608.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Residential school survivors received an official apology from the Canadian government on June 11, 2008. Reactions were mixed; some felt it was a positive step, but many believe it was not sufficient and called for further meaningful action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Orillia is located on the Williams Treaties and the John Collin's Purchase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A treaty is an agreement made between Indigenous peoples and the government. In Canada, treaties were signed to allow the government to take control of land and certain rights. They were often unfair because of misunderstandings through language and broken promises by the Canadian government.</p> Signup and view all the answers