Indigenous Peoples and Canadian Law

World View

• A collection of beliefs and values about life, the universe, held by an individual or a group.

Assimilation

• The process of trying to convert someone into a specific group by removing their culture.

Treaty

• Legally binding agreements outlining the rights, responsibilities, and relationships of treaty people.

Enfranchisement

• Losing Indigenous status to gain Canadian citizenship.

Monopoly

• Exclusive rights granted to a merchant to profit from a colony.

The Indian Act

• Federal law managing Indigenous status, First Nations governments, and reserves.

Métis

• Descendants of Indigenous women and European men, born in mixed cultures.

Inuit

• Indigenous people of northern Canada.

Reconciliation

• Establishing meaningful relationships between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples.

Mercantilism

• European countries' economic policies favoring low resource prices and high manufactured goods prices to enrich their economies.

Whaling

• Inuit aiding Europeans in the 1700s, in exchange for weapons and ammunition.

Haudenosaunee Confederacy

• Oldest democracy on Earth, known by the French as Iroquois.

First Nations People

• Indigenous peoples of North America.

Imperialism

• A country's desire to expand its power and influence beyond its borders.

Nation

• A country or group of people sharing a national identity.

Red River Cart

• Wooden wagon pulled by horses, used for carrying goods.

Internalized Racism

• Abuse from residential schools causing a loss of pride in Indigenous children.

Wampum Belt

• Belt designed with white and purple shell beads, signifying important agreements between people.

York Boat

• Type of large wooden boat used in the fur trade in Canada.

Colony

• A place where new settlers live and manage the area.

Louis Riel

• Canadian politician known for creating Manitoba and leading Métis.

Systemic Racism

• Unfair treatment of people based on their race embedded in rules and systems.

Tokenism

• Includes a small number of underrepresented people to seem inclusive.

Indian Agent

• Non-Indigenous person representing the Canadian government on reserves.

The Sixties Scoop

• Thousands of Indigenous children removed from families and placed in non-Indigenous homes.

Seigneury

• A land-grant system in New France, granting land to wealthy landowners.

The Crown

• The Canadian government.

Filles Du Roi

• Young French women sent to New France to help populate the colony, often poor or orphans.

Ally

• A person or group supporting a cause or group.

Pemmican

• Food made from bison meat and berries.

The Fur Trade

• Business of hunting animals for fur and selling them for profit, creating relationships between Indigenous and European people.

Jesuits

• Men who came to New France as missionaries, aimed to educate and serve others.

Cree

• Indigenous group in North America.

Voyageurs

• French-Canadian explorers and fur traders.

Norse Vikings

• Likely the first Europeans to reach the east coast of Canada.

Self-Governing

• Having the ability to make decisions without external control.

Anishinaabe

• Term used by a group of Indigenous peoples meaning "original people".

Elder

• Older person, often holding wisdom and seniority.

Aboriginal Peoples

• First Nations, Métis, and Inuit peoples, original inhabitants of Canada.

Coureur De Bois

• A French-Canadian fur trapper and trader during the fur trade.

First Nations

• Diverse Indigenous cultures.

Métis Beliefs

• Based on people of mixed Indigenous and European ancestory.

Inuit Beliefs

• Based on adaptability due to their extreme environment.

First People of the Land

• Indigenous peoples, who were already in the land.

First Nations Worldview

• Connecting everything (physical and spiritual).

Métis Worldview

• Combining Indigenous and European aspects.

Inuit Worldview

• Oral traditions and knowledge transfer through elders.

Aboriginal Values

• Reflection used to improve growth, values-based decision-making.

###Self-Governance

• The right to make decisions and manage one's own affairs without external control.

Red River Resistance

• Métis opposition to the Canadian government's takeover of Rupert's Land, leading to the Manitoba Act.

Louis Riel's Role

• Led the Métis in their resistance and provisional government.

Province vs. Territory

• Provinces have more control over their governance. Territories are more controlled by the federal government.

Indigenous Veterans Honoured

• November 8th.

Indigenous Treatment in Wartime

• Faced discrimination but still fought in wars, and weren't treated equally after service.

Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC)

• Canadian project examining and addressing the harm from residential schools.

Calls to Action

• Suggestions to fix the harm from residential schools, resulting in 94 recommendations.

Residential Schools

• Schools where Indigenous children were removed from their communities to assimilate them, often forcibly.

Indian Act

• Law controlling Indigenous people's lives, often sexist and racist in its policies.

Status Indian

• Indigenous person recognized by the Canadian government.

Missionary

• Person spreading a religion, often in colonized lands.

Truth and Reconciliation Day

• September 30th.

Intergenerational Trauma

• Trauma passed down through generations, often from colonization and residential schools.

Samuel de Champlain

• Founded Quebec, the first permanent French settlement in Canada (1608)

Residential School Apology

• June 11, 2008, by the Canadian government.

Treaties

• Agreements between Indigenous peoples and the Canadian government, often fraught with misunderstandings and broken promises.

Orillia Location

• Orillia is located in Williams treaties and john collin's purchase.

Treaties fairness

• Treaties were often unfair to Indigenous peoples due to language barriers and misunderstandings leading to broken promises and resource imbalances.