Nazism and the Rise of Hitler Class 9 History PDF

MBD ARYA MODEL SCHOOL SURAJ VIHAR NEW DELHI-110078 CHAPTER 3 NAZISM AND THE RISE OF HITLER Unit- 1 Q1. What led to the birth of the Weimar Republic? Ans. The defeat of Imperial Germany and the abdication of the emperor gave an...

MBD ARYA MODEL SCHOOL SURAJ VIHAR NEW DELHI-110078 CHAPTER 3 NAZISM AND THE RISE OF HITLER Unit- 1 Q1. What led to the birth of the Weimar Republic? Ans. The defeat of Imperial Germany and the abdication of the emperor gave an opportunity to the parliamentary parties to recast German policy. A nation assembly met at Weimar and established a Democratic constitution with a federal structure. Q2. Name the German Parliament? Ans. German Parliament was known as “Reichstag.” Q3. How were the members elected for Reichstag? Ans. On the basis of equal and universal votes cast by all adult including women. Q4. “This republic however was not received well by its own people.” Justify the statement OR Why was the peace Treaty of Versailles harsh and humiliating? OR Why was new Weimar republic made responsible for the defeat in the war and also for the disgrace at the Versailles? Ans. ❖ The Peace Treaty at Versailles with the Allies was a harsh and humiliating peace. Germany lost it overseas colonies, one tenth of its population ❖ Germany also lost 13% of its territories of its 75% of its iron and 26% of its call to France, Poland, Denmark and Lithuania. ❖ The allied powers demilitarized Germany to weaken its power. ❖ Germany was forced to pay compensation amounting to €6 billion. ❖ The allied armies also occupied resource – rich Rhineland. Unit 1.1 Q1. “The war had a devastating impact on the entire continent both psychologically and financially.” Explain? Ans. ❖ The war had a devastating impact on the entire continent. From a continent of creditors Europe turned into one of debtors.  ❖ Unfortunately, the infant Weimar Republic was being made to pay for the sins of the old empire. ❖ The republic carried the burden of the war guilt and national humiliation and was financially crippled by being forced to pay compensation. ❖ Those who supported the Weimar Republic, mainly Socialists, Catholics and Democrats where mockingly called the ‘November Criminals’. Q2. Who were the November Criminals? Ans. Those who supported Weimar Republic mainly Socialists, Catholics and Democrats where mockingly called the ‘November Criminals’. Q3. What was the impact, effect, outcome of the First World War on European Society and Polity? OR Why was democracy a young and fragile idea which could not survive the instability of interwar Europe? Ans. ❖ Soldiers came to be placed above civilians. ❖ Politicians and publicists laid great stress on the need for men to be aggressive, strong and masculine. ❖ The media glorified trend life. ❖ The truth, however, was that soldiers lived miserable lives in these trenches, trapped with rats feeding on corpses. ❖ They faced poisonous gas and enemy shelling, and witnessed their ranks reduce rapidly. ❖ Aggressive war propaganda and national honour occupied centre stage in the public sphere, while popular support grew for conservative dictatorships that had recently come into being. Unit 1.2 Q1. Explain the Political Radicalism and Economic crises in Germany. Ans ❖ The birth of the Weimar Republic coincided with the revolutionary uprising of the Spartacist League on the pattern of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia. ❖ Soviets of workers and sailors were established in many cities. ❖ The political atmosphere in Berlin was charged with the demands for Soviet – style governance. ❖ Those opposed to this such as the Socialists, Democrats and Catholics – met in Weimar to give shape to the democratic republic. Q2. What was free crops? Ans. It was a group of war veterans. Q3. What happened in Germany during the economic crises? Ans. ❖ Germany had fought the war largely on loans and had to pay war reparations in gold. ❖ This depleted gold reserves at a time resources were scare. ❖ In 1923 Germany refused to pay and the French occupied its leading industrial area, Ruhr, to claim their coal. ❖ Germany retaliated with passive resistance and printed paper currency recklessly. ❖ With too much printed money in circulation, the value of the German mark fell. ❖ As the value of the mark collapsed, prices of goods soared. Q4. What was hyperinflation? Ans. Hyperinflation is a situation when prices rise phenomenally high. Q5. What was Dawes Plan? Ans. The Americans intervened and bailed Germany out of the crisis by introducing the Dawes Plan, which reworked the terms of reparation to ease the financial burden on Germans. Unit - 1.3 Q1. What was Wall Street Exchange? Ans. The name of the world’s biggest stock exchange located in the USA. Q2. What were the effects of great economic depression? Ans. ❖ Fearing a fall in prices people made frantic efforts to sell their shares. ❖ On one single day, 24 October, 13 million shares were sold. ❖ This was the start of the Great Economic depression. ❖ Over the next three years, between 1929 and 1932, the national income of the USA fell by half.  ❖ Factories shut down, exports fell, farmers were badly hit and speculators withdrew their money from the markets. ❖ The effects of this recession in the US economy were felt worldwide. Q.3 The German economy was the worst hit by the economic crises. Why? Ans. ❖ By 1932, industrial production was reduced to 40% of the 1929 level. ❖ Workers lost their jobs or were paid reduced wages. ❖ The number of unemployed touched an unprecedented 6 million. ❖ On the streets of Germany, you could see men with placards around their necks saying, ‘willing to do any work’. ❖ Unemployed youths played cards or simply sat at street corners or queued up at the local employment exchange. ❖ As jobs disappeared the youth took to criminal activities and total despair became common in public place. Q4. Define the term proletarianization. Ans. To become impoverished to the level of working classes.