The Paris Peace Conference - History Study Guide PDF

## Efforts to consolidate peace. The Paris Peace Conference ### SUBSECTION 21 The world after World War II **1 KEY CONCEPTS:** Peace conference, decisions, the Nuremberg trial, war criminals reparations The Peace Conference met in October 1946. The victorious forces participated. The allied state...

## Efforts to consolidate peace. The Paris Peace Conference ### SUBSECTION 21 The world after World War II **1 KEY CONCEPTS:** Peace conference, decisions, the Nuremberg trial, war criminals reparations The Peace Conference met in October 1946. The victorious forces participated. The allied states of the Axis were also summoned. Issues of borders, reparations and issues for the security of a stable peace were discussed. This spirit prevailed in all the decisions of the Conference. The new political map of Europe was created. He decided to condemn all the criminals of World War II **Image description:** A world map depicting Europe post World War II, showing the borders and countries in different colors. The map includes countries such as Portugal, Germany, Czechoslovakia Austria Yugoslavia Greece, Bulgaria, Romania and Cyprus. ### The Peace Conference and the Participating States It met in Paris from July 29 to October 15, 1946. It was organized by the Great Powers and the winners took part Pogavid countries Italy, Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, Finland were summoned, after the decisions were made, and the allied countries of the Axis. The Conference discussed many issues concerning the future of Europe. But the main issues were three: the issue of the borders of the European states, war reparations and security issues of a stable peace. ### Decisions of the Peace Conference Although referred to as the Paris Peace Conference, its proceedings were held in different French cities. The Conference took important decisions and some treaties were signed. The peace treaty with Italy and its allies was signed in February 1947, while the peace treaties with Germany and Austria were left for a later meeting. **The issue of territorial claims.** War II The territorial changes that the political borders of the states underwent major changes, especially those of the Soviet Union are spelled out on the map were accompanied by population movements significantly reducing the Union which extended to the West beyond the borders of 1938 Within the borders the national minorities: the movement of the included the Baltic countries, eastern parts of Poland up to Germany's eastern border river the inclusion of the Baltic countries in the territory of S. E" Oder, territories of Finland and Romania. Poland lost territory in the east, but annexed territory in the eastern part of Germany. Changes were also noted on the map of Bulgaria, Romania and Italy. The settlement of territorial claims created a new political map of Europe. **The compensations.** The compensations. The Conference imposed reparations on Italy and other Axis powers. CE, Greece, Yugoslavia, Ethiopia and Albania benefited from the reparations. The Conference demanded that the Axis Powers and the rest of the Allies reduce their military forces as much as possible. In relation to Germany, the decisions made in Yalta and the Court of Justice were observed. It originates from Potsdam, Greece and was endorsed by the Council of Foreign Ministers of the winning countries which preceded the Peace Conference. Decide on the disarmament of Germany and the division of its territories into four parts under the occupation of the four great winners (US, UK, USA and France). Their military forces would remain on German soil until the complete de-Nazification of Germany. The country would be governed by the Allied Control Council This situation was expected to last 3-5 years, De-Nazification - neutralization the Nazi elite, the individuals with an important role in the cultivation and consolidation of Nazism and the implementation of Hitler's policy. Genocide - Term of the International Court of Justice It originates from the words genos and kteino (= kill). It is one of the oldest mass crimes aimed at the systematic, by violent means, extermination of an entire race or part of it in certain place ### The Nuremberg trial The military tribunal that judged the crimes of Nazism operated in Nuremberg from November 20, 1945 to October 1, 1946 *Cases were tried against 24 high-ranking Nazi officials for war crimes and genocide The majority were punished with severe penalties, either life imprisonment or imprisonment for several years Among them were also the inventors of the Nazi ideology, which hoped for the elevation of the German race by cultivating hatred against other nations There were also builders of the infamous Nazi camps, enlighteners of Nazi doctrine and its "progressive" values, such as journalists, radio commentators, advocates of the Nazi party party advisers, etc These 24 cadres generally constituted the brain of Nazism Greece and Albania at the Peace Conference Albania was not invited to the Peace Conference although Mhanion people had given their own contribution against the invaders inanimate material The theuffetrests protests are of the Albanian government and the correct of the reality by the Albanian delegation that was allowed to participate in a Greece, from the position of the country with a significant contribution to the War in proportion to its population and capabilities, was an active member of the Conference Howeve Image description: A sepia-toned photograph shows the Nuremberg Trials, with defendants seated in rows in a courtroom setting. The room is filled with military personnel and officials. ## Check - Think - Interpret - Investigate Conclude ### Check your knowledge 1. Work on the text. Mark with a marker in the lesson: * The phrases referring to the participants in the Peace Conference, * The phrases mentioned in the decisions of the Peace Conference 2. Fill in the blanks with the correct information. * The Paris Peace Conference was held * The main decisions of the Conference were: 1. 2. 3. 4. - The Nuremberg trial was held. 3. With reference to the map, he interpreted the extension of the western borders of S Union. 4. He mentioned the decisions taken by the Conference on Germany. ### Think - Interpret - Research 1. Define the term "crimes against humanity" 2. Compare the map of Europe at the end of World War II with today's political map of Western and Eastern Europe. Track the changes. 3. Why was the Nuremberg trial held? Bring your own arguments. 4. You think that the Nuremberg trials were a legal act that paved the way for the de-Nazification of German society, or an act of revenge for the victors on the vanquished. Discuss in class. 5. Interpret the phrase, "large movements of populations" (take into account the change of borders of the SE) ### Investigate-Conclude Gather information online or from other sources about the courts that hear cases of crimes against humanity today. Discuss in class.