Day 2: Ch 2.1 Slides (Trouble for Peace Makers) PDF
Document Details
Uploaded by AffectionateByzantineArt
Tags
Summary
This document contains historical analysis of the Paris Peace Conference and the challenges faced by peacemakers in 1919-1920. It discusses the motivations, goals and disputes among nations during the conference, which led to dissatisfaction, and focuses on the disagreements over Germany, as well as the roles of figures such as Woodrow Wilson.
Full Transcript
Chapter 2.1 Why was there dissatisfaction with the Peace Settlements of 1919-1920? Essential Question Topic: Paris Peace Conference Essential Question: Why did “peace makers” run into problems in Paris 1919 - 1920? Problems for the Paris peacemakers ⦿ January 1919 – 27 cou...
Chapter 2.1 Why was there dissatisfaction with the Peace Settlements of 1919-1920? Essential Question Topic: Paris Peace Conference Essential Question: Why did “peace makers” run into problems in Paris 1919 - 1920? Problems for the Paris peacemakers ⦿ January 1919 – 27 countries met at Versailles, near Paris. ⦿ Goal: Develop a settlement that would end WWI and prevent something like it from happening again. ⦿ Revolutions were happening throughout the former Austro-Hungarian, Russian and Turkish empires. › Revolution seemed a genuine threat in France and other major European nations. ⦿ To avoid revolutions, decisions at the peace conference needed to be reached quickly… The Council of Four Made majority of the decisions at the Paris Peace Conference 1) PM David Lloyd George (Britain) 2) PM Vittorio Orlando (Italy)* 3) PM Georges Clemenceau (France) 4) President Woodrow Wilson (USA) *Italy actually had little influence, so most decisions were made by the “Big Three” What about Italy & Japan? ⦿ Orlando’s goals (Italy): › Attempted to hold the Entente to their promises made in 1915 in the Treaty of London: Austrian territories of South Tyrol and those along Dalmatian coastline port city of Fiume ⦿ Japan’s goals: › Secure recognition of territorial gains made in WWI › Insert a racial equality clause in the Covenant of the League of Nations. Disagreements over Germany ⦿ Clemenceau’s goals (France): › Destroy Germany militarily and economically Wanted to ensure Germany could never threaten French borders again. › Wanted an alliance with Britain and US and to continue inter-Allied financial and economic cooperation in the post-war years. › Earned nickname “The Tiger” for his uncompromising stance against Germany. Disagreements over Germany ⦿ Lloyd George’s goals (Britain): › Wanted less severe punishment for Germany Britain’s territorial ambitions were in the Middle East, not Europe. A peaceful united Germany would act as a barrier against the spread of communism from Russia. › Germany was major consumer of British exports, so Britain wanted Germany on a fast path to recovery. › Took a more firm stance against Germany on Reparations and War Guilt British public option was strongly anti-German Under pressure from Dominions (Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa) to get a share of reparations. Disagreements over Germany ⦿ Wilson’s goals (USA): › Wanted a lenient peace based on the Fourteen Points and his slogan “Peace without Victory”. › Believed harsh punishment for Germany would cause resentment and make future conflict more likely. ⦿ Wilson could no longer claim to fully represent the government of the USA because the Democrats had lost control of the Senate in the midterm elections. › US Congress consists of two “houses” – the Senate and the House of Representatives. › The Senate is the more powerful of the two – US can only enter into treaties with approval of the Senate.
