H&h Practice Questions Ch 4 PDF

Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Stanhope and Lancaster’s Community Health Nursing in Canada, 4th Edition (MacDonald, 2022) ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Chapter 04: Health Promotio...

Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Stanhope and Lancaster’s Community Health Nursing in Canada, 4th Edition (MacDonald, 2022) ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Chapter 04: Health Promotion MacDonald/Jakubec: Stanhope and Lancaster's Community Health Nursing in Canada, 4th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. What is the focus of the definition of health in the Ottawa Charter on Health Promotion? a. Health is an outcome. b. Enjoying life is more important than the need to maintain one’s health. c. Health is incorporated into one’s activities of daily living. d. Health is a way to maintain a stable environment. ANS: C The Ottawa Charter definition of health is: “to reach a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, an individual or group must be able to identify and to realize aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment.” When using this definition, health is no longer viewed as an outcome (or a state to be reached); rather, health is incorporated into one’s activities of daily living. The view of health as a resource proposes that communities and individuals use this resource to manage and even change their environments. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remember REF: Development of the Concept of Health OBJ: 4.1 TOP: Health Promotion and Maintenance 2. How is health promotion distinct from health protection? a. Health promotion focuses on assuring the highest possible quality in care. b. Health promotion is concerned with enabling increased control over determinants of health. c. Health promotion is the specific delivery of care by a group of health care providers. d. Health promotion includes the particular achievements of social marketing campaigns. ANS: B Whereas health protection focuses on maintenance and management of immediate health risks, health promotion is concerned with enabling increased control over determinants of health, thereby improving health outcomes. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remember REF: Foundational Concepts in Health Promotion OBJ: 4.1 TOP: Health Promotion and Maintenance 3. In his document entitled Achieving Health for All: A Framework for Health Promotion, Epp supported a community and policy focus in health promotion. What did he recommend? a. Cooperating fully with the WHO member nations in implementing the plan internationally b. Denying that the goal of health is socially and economically productive lives for all citizens c. Taking actions that foster public participation d. Focusing primarily on disease prevention and health promotion in selected areas ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 24 | P a g e Downloaded by: epeprah1809 | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Stanhope and Lancaster’s Community Health Nursing in Canada, 4th Edition (MacDonald, 2022) ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ANS: C Epp’s framework supported a community and policy focus in health promotion through fostering public participation (e.g., heart-healthy physical activity promotion initiatives), strengthening community health services (e.g., increasing community mental health services), and coordinating healthy public policy (e.g., a nationwide ban on the sale and use of baby walkers). PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application/Apply REF: Epp Report: A Canadian Framework for Health Promotion OBJ: 4.2 TOP: Health Promotion and Maintenance 4. Which of the following is an appropriate starting point for the application of a population health approach? a. Emergency life-saving care b. The determinants of health c. Health promotion models d. Risk management ANS: B The population health approach has, as its starting point, a focus on the determinants of health. Other starting points are also discussed but are not included in the above answer choices. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remember REF: Population Health Promotion Model, Revisited OBJ: 4.2 TOP: Health Promotion and Maintenance 5. How is the contemplation stage for changing behaviour different from the precontemplation stage for changing behaviour? a. During the contemplation stage, the client does not yet intend to change his or her behaviour within the next 6 months. b. During the contemplation stage, there is a lack of readiness to change behaviour. c. During the precontemplation stage, there is a readiness to change behaviour. d. During the contemplation stage, the client is thinking about changing behaviour within the next 6 months. ANS: D In the precontemplation stage, an individual is not considering a change in behaviour within the next 6 months; there is no readiness for change. However, in the contemplation stage, an individual is starting to think about a change in behaviour within the next 6 months. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application/Apply REF: Transtheoretical Model (or Stages of Change Model) OBJ: 4.3 TOP: Health Promotion and Maintenance 6. Which report introduced the concept of health promotion? a. Epp Report b. Black Report c. Lalonde Report d. WHO Commission Report on Social Determinants ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 25 | P a g e Downloaded by: epeprah1809 | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Stanhope and Lancaster’s Community Health Nursing in Canada, 4th Edition (MacDonald, 2022) ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ANS: C In 1974 Marc Lalonde, then minister of Health and Welfare Canada, introduced the notion of health promotion nationally and internationally in the report titled A New Perspective on the Health of Canadians. The Lalonde Report initiated a shift, especially in Canada, from a primarily biomedical view of disease and health to a consideration of certain aspects of health promotion. It also increased the awareness of human biology, environment, and lifestyle as determinants of health and, therefore, as influencers of health. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remember REF: Lalonde Report OBJ: 4.3 TOP: Health Promotion and Maintenance 7. What is the most important feature of the Diffusion of Innovation Theory? a. It avoids high-cost treatments and suggests cheaper alternatives. b. It gives members incentives to use only network providers. c. It shows that individuals adopt innovations at different rates. d. It advocates working with geographically based communities. ANS: C This theory shows that individuals adopt innovations at different rates. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remember REF: Diffusion of Innovation Theory OBJ: 4.3 TOP: Psychosocial Integrity 8. The Canadian Community Health Nursing Standards of Practice identifies a community health nurse (CHN)’s role as advocate in creating public policy, as supporter of community action to influence public policy, and as instrument for societal change. What is an example of a healthy public policy? a. Immunizations b. Behaviour change c. Marketing materials d. Crib/bed safety initiatives for infants and young children ANS: D Examples of a healthy public policy include crib/bed safety for infants and young children, restraint use in long-term-care institutions, seatbelt use for populations, and a tobacco ban in communities. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remember REF: Box 4.1: Canadian Community Health Nursing Standards of Practice OBJ: 4.4 TOP: Safe and Effective Care Environment 9. What is an example of self-efficacy? a. Attending a walk-in clinic for health care b. Allowing others’ input into one’s health decisions c. Paying for a fitness centre membership d. Making healthy food choices while grocery shopping ANS: D Self-efficacy refers to a belief that one can control one’s life and have the ability to carry out actions required to prevent disease; a specific example is making healthy food choices while grocery shopping. ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 26 | P a g e Downloaded by: epeprah1809 | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Stanhope and Lancaster’s Community Health Nursing in Canada, 4th Edition (MacDonald, 2022) ______________________________________________________________________________________________ PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remember REF: Summary of the Evolution of Health Promotion OBJ: 4.4 TOP: Psychosocial Integrity 10. Using the Community Mobilization Framework and the three health promotion community mobilization approaches, which element should be addressed first within the framework’s social planning component? a. Shifting power relationships b. Problem solving at the community level c. Community participation d. Community social concerns ANS: B The Community Mobilization Framework identifies the following three health promotion community mobilization approaches to bring about community change: 1) social planning (problem solving at the community level to deal with physical, mental, and social health concerns in the community), which is described as a task-oriented strategy that includes a health care professional as the “expert leader”; 2) locality development (community participation and cooperation to deal with community health concerns, with a focus on process, consensus, and community self-help), with the health care professional as facilitator; and 3) social action (a process with the focus on shifting power relationships and resources so that change occurs to the benefit of the disadvantaged in the community). PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis/Analyze REF: Community Mobilization Framework OBJ: 4.3 TOP: Safe and Effective Care Environment 11. Which main idea did Lalonde highlight in his report entitled A New Perspective in the Health of Canadians (1974)? a. Access to health care and cost and quality of health care b. Appropriate legislation to control health care organizations c. The influence of biology, environment, and lifestyle on good health d. Accessibility and health promotion ANS: C The Lalonde Report initiated a shift, especially in Canada, from a primarily biomedical view of disease and health to consideration of certain aspects of health promotion. The Lalonde Report increased the awareness of human biology, environment, and lifestyle as determinants of health and, therefore, as influencers of health. Lalonde urged improvements in the environment, increased knowledge in human biology, and modifications of self-imposed risks arising from individual health choices and related behaviours to increase the population health status of Canadians. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Synthesis/Synthesize REF: Lalonde Report OBJ: 4.3 TOP: Health Promotion and Maintenance 12. What is perhaps the most helpful idea among the unlimited suggestions for how to improve health care in Canadian communities? a. Increasing funding and personnel to advance new pharmaceutical interventions ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 27 | P a g e Downloaded by: epeprah1809 | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Stanhope and Lancaster’s Community Health Nursing in Canada, 4th Edition (MacDonald, 2022) ______________________________________________________________________________________________ b. Increasing funding for further research into the most effective medical interventions c. Increasing technological advances to constantly improve surgical survival rates d. Involving communities in their health care and encouraging their participation in decisions about health care ANS: D The strategy of strengthening community action, as outlined in the Ottawa Charter, refers to empowering communities. It involves engaging communities from the grassroots, or “bottom up” (referred to as “locality development” as outlined by Rothman), so as to involve community members in identifying health issues and planning and initiating interventions specific to their communities. In this way, communities take ownership and have control over health issues affecting them and the health of their members. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remember REF: Strengthening Community Action OBJ: 4.3 TOP: Health Promotion and Maintenance 13. Which of the following is the most important ingredient for effective community development? a. Adequate funding b. Appropriate location for the services provided c. Community participation d. Professional expertise ANS: C Community participation is absolutely essential to community development. The most effective changes come with active participation by the people who live in the community. Community development is a process whereby community members identify health concerns impacting their community that require the development of capacity-building skills to bring about a realization of the needed change, with the goal of a secure and healthy community that benefits all community members. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remember REF: Strengthening Community Action OBJ: 4.5 TOP: Psychosocial Integrity 14. What is the focus of health promotion in Canada? a. Achieving consensus on community health needs b. Developing a population approach based on the determinants of health c. Dictating interventions that match the government’s identified priorities d. Promoting individual health status ANS: B In Canada, a population approach focusing on the determinants of health is the direction taken in health promotion, in contrast to the focus on promotion of individual health in some other countries, such as the United States. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remember REF: Foundational Concepts in Health Promotion OBJ: 4.3 TOP: Health Promotion and Maintenance ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 28 | P a g e Downloaded by: epeprah1809 | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test Bank - Stanhope and Lancaster’s Community Health Nursing in Canada, 4th Edition (MacDonald, 2022) ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 15. Which of the following represents a set of strategies and ideas aimed at reducing harm to an individual or society by modifying harmful or hazardous behaviours that are difficult and, in some cases, impossible to prevent? a. Health promotion b. Harm reduction c. Tertiary care d. Risk avoidance ANS: B Harm reduction is a set of strategies and ideas aimed at reducing harm to an individual or society by modifying harmful or hazardous behaviours that are difficult and, in some cases, impossible to prevent. It is a movement for social justice built on a belief in and respect for the rights of people who engage in harmful or hazardous behaviours such as drug use. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remember REF: Foundational Concepts in Health Promotion OBJ: 4.6 TOP: Health Promotion and Maintenance ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 29 | P a g e Downloaded by: epeprah1809 | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?