Nursing Practice 1 (Part 2) PDF

📗 NURSING PRACTICE 1 (Part 2) Created @January 13, 2025 4:36 PM Class COMPETENCY APPRAISAL Created by J Joliepers Finez Last edited J Joliepers Finez...

📗 NURSING PRACTICE 1 (Part 2) Created @January 13, 2025 4:36 PM Class COMPETENCY APPRAISAL Created by J Joliepers Finez Last edited J Joliepers Finez by Topics: Communicable Disease, Herbal Meds, CHN, COPAR, Notes IMCI COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING (CHN) focus: total community, population. PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING (PHN) focus: public needs, families. Public health nursing – the practice of promoting and protecting the health of populations using knowledge from nursing, social, and public health sciences." (American Public Health Association). Community health nursing – population-focused, community-oriented approach aimed at health promotion of an entire population, and prevention of disease, disability and premature death in a population. 3 Ps OF PUBLIC HEALTH ✅ Promoting health ✅ Prevention of diseases ✅Prolong life Records – forms on which information pertaining to the client is noted. Reports – periodic summaries of the services/activities of an organization/unit or the analysis of certain phases of its work. LOCAL HEALTH BOARD ▪︎Chairman – Mayor ▪︎Vice Chairman – Municipal Health Officer ▪︎Members – DOH PHC (primary health care) First PHC international conference??? ▪︎answer: Alma Ata USSR (Russia) Who declared the implementation of PHC??? ▪︎ans: WHO (world health organization) Legal basis of PHC in the Philippines??? ▪︎ans: LOI #949 NURSING PRACTICE 1 (Part 2) 1  President who signed the legal basis of PHC in the Philippines ▪︎ans: Ferdinand Marcos (signed: Oct 19, 1979) 4 A's of PHC (Principles) ▪︎Acceptability, Accessibility, Affordability, Availability Pillars/Cornerstone of PHC remember L.A.S.A ▪︎Linkages ▪︎Active participation ▪︎Support made available ▪︎Approprite technology 3 LEVELS OF PREVENTION Primary – health promotion. (eg. exercise) Secondary –early detection and treatment. (eg. BSE, surgery) Tertiary –rehabilitation. (eg. smoking cessation) TYPES OF COMMUNITY Rural - agricultural (few people) Urban - industrial (many people) Rurban - combination of rural/urban Metropolis–the capital or chief city of a country or region. (e.g., Metro Manila) Ultimate Goal in COPAR ▪︎ans: self-reliance/self-dependence BIO-MEDICAL WASTE 🟢Green: GENERAL WASTE eg., non-infected plastic materials & papers, disposables, office waste, food waste, etc. ⚫Black: eg., Discarded medicine, cytotoxic drugs, chemical waste, etc. 🟡Yellow: INFECTIOUS eg., human tissues, organs, body parts, items contaminated by blood/body fluids, soiled cotton & dressing. 🟠Orange: RADIOACTIVE eg., 🔴Red: SHARPS eg., syringes, 🔵Blue: GLASSWARE eg., antibiotic vials, glassware material, etc. STATISTICS Census–whole population Survey–part of population (aka sample) De jure–tallies people according to their regular or legal residence. De facto–census allocates them to the PLACE where enumerated. Vital Statistics –quantitative data concerning the population, statistics on live births, deaths, fetal deaths, marriages and divorces. NURSING PRACTICE 1 (Part 2) 2  VACCINES Penta Vaccine (5-in-1 vaccine) HBV (Hepa B Vaccine) BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin) OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine) AMV (Anti Measles Vaccine) MMR (Mumps, Measles, Rubella) Key Points: 1. No shaking AMV naalis po ang effectivity ni measles kapag nagalaw-galaw masyado. 1. Sensitive vaccines– OPV (heat), BCG (light) & AMV (shaking). 2. BCG and Measles are freeze dried (powder) sila lang po ang dalawang vaccines na freeze dried, meaning kailangan po nila ng diluent pag ia-administer.. 1. HBV - cloudy vaccine tandaan nyo po na normal lang kay HBV na cloudy po sya.. 2. Penta - prevents 5 diseases: Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Hepa B, HIB (Haemophilus Influenza Type B) 3. Vaccination Day??-- ang sagot po ay "Wednesday" TEMPERATURE sa refrigerator na lalagyan ng vaccine, meron tayong Body at Freezer.. kase ang ilang vaccines po ay hindi pwedeng ilagay sa body and some vaccines ay di po pwede ilagay sa freezer.. BODY (2-8°C) -Penta, BCG, Rota FREEZER (15-25°C) -AMV, OPV SAMPUNG HALAMANG GAMOT (10 HERBAL PLANTS) Creation of Botika ng Bayan ↪ Philippine Institute of & Traditional Alternative Health Care (PITAHC) ↪ RA 8423 Bayabas :: antibacterial Sambong :: edema Lagundi :: cough, asthma Ampalaya :: diabetes (esp. DM2) Acapulco :: anti-fungal, allergies Bawang :: HTN, cholesterol, toothache Nyog-nyogan :: antihelminthic (bulate sa tyan).. NURSING PRACTICE 1 (Part 2) 3  Yerba Buena :: body pain Ulasimang bato :: uric acid, arthritis Tsaang gubat :: cholic pain, diarrhea, STD, mouth wash (high in flouride) PREPARATION Decoction --> boiling Infusion --> heating (tea) Poultice --> shredding Extraction --> juice COMMUNICABLE DISEASE NOTES BASIC TERMS Infection — invasion and multiplication of microorganisms (internal). Infestation — parasites.. (external) Virulence – ability of an agent of infection to produce disease. Incubation period – time from the moment of EXPOSURE to an infectious agent until signs and symptoms of the disease appear. Sepsis – presence of infection Asepsis – absence of infection Reservoir – dwelling place of the pathogen Sterilization – total eradication Carrier – no s/s, harbors the organism and capable of spreading it. Contact – any person or animal that is in close association with an infected person, animal, vector, etc. Venereal disease –disease that is transmitted by sexual contact Zoonosis – disease that can be transmitted from animals to people Aerobic – requires oxygen Anaerobic – doesn't require oxygen Pathognomonic sign – characteristic for a particular disease Prodromal stage – early stage or symptoms of disease before characteristic symptoms appear GRAM STAINING Gram-negative – lose the crystal violet stain (red counter-stain) Gram-positive – retain the color of the crystal violet stain, has thick cell wall.. Vector.. Gram-negative bacteria – most are found in GIT, gonococci (venereal disease), and menongococci (bacterial meningitis).. Gram-positive bacteria – include staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci, diphtheria (Cornynebacterium diphtheriae) and anthrax (Bacillus anthracis). NURSING PRACTICE 1 (Part 2) 4  PATTERNS SPORADIC— on & off, occur ocassionally and irregularly with no specific pattern. ▪︎eg. tetanus, rabies ENDEMIC— persistent, present in a population or community at times. ▪︎malaria (palawan), schistosomiasis.. EPIDEMIC— occur in greater number than what is expected in a specific area over a specific time. note: pwede maging epidemic muna ang isang sakit bago ito maging pandemic if hindi naaagapan. for example: unang naging epidemic ang COVID bago ito naging pandemic.. PANDEMIC— epedimic that affects several countries or continents. ▪︎HIV/AIDS, SARS, H1N1, COVID-19 tip: tandaan mo ang "P" sa pandemic kase sya ay mayroong passport.. Common STD in female – Chlamydia Confirmatory test for PTB – Sputum analysis (culture) Confirmatory test for HIV/AIDS – Western blot Dwelling place of pathogen – Reservoir DOTS means – Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Duration of short course PTB multi-drug therapy – 6 months Common cancer in HIV/AIDS – Kaposis Sarcoma (skin cancer) Cauliflower-like – Genital Herpes Major cause of cervical cancer – HPV (human papilloma virus) CAUSATIVE AGENTS Tetanus: clostridium tetani Meningococcemia: neisseria meningitis Rabies: rhabdovirus Poliomyelitis: legio debilitans Dengue Fever: arbovirus Malaria: Plasmodium, P. Falciparum (most fatal); P. Vivax Filariasis: wuchereria bancrofti Leprosy: myocobacterium leprae Measles: paramyxo virus German measles: toga virus Chicken pox: varicella zoster virus Herpes: herpes zoster virus Scarlet fever: Group A hemolytic streptococcus. Scabies: sarcoptes scabie (itch mite) NURSING PRACTICE 1 (Part 2) 5  Bubonic plague: yersinia peste Diphtheria: klebs leoffler Pertussis: bordetella pertussis Tuberculosis: mycobacterium tubercolosis Typhoid: salmonella typhi Cholera: vibrio cholerae Amoebiasis: entamoeba hystolitica Leptospirosis: leptospira interrogans Schistosomiasis: Schistosoma japonicum Gonorrhea: neisseriae gonorrheae Syphilis: treponema pallidum Chlamydia: C. trachomatis, T. vaginalis Genital herpes: herpes simplex 2 PATHOGNOMONIC SIGNS AIDS – T4 cells below 200/dL Candidiasis – Cheese‐like discharge G. measles – Forscheimer's spot Measles– Koplik's spot German measles – Forscheimer spot Typhoid Fever – Rose spot Dengue – Herman's sign Cholera – Rice watery stool Chickenpox – Vesico-papular lesions Amoeba – Bloody-mucoid stool Mumps – Parotitis MEDICATIONS PTB drugs: RIPES — Rifampicin, Isoniazid (INH), Pyrazinamide (PZA), Ethambutol, Streptomycin. PTB drug that causes urine and sweat discoloration – rifampin/rifampicin most powerful TB drug – Isoniazid & rifampin PTB drug that can cause hallucination – ethambutol Malaria: Chloroquine Schistosomiasis: Praziquantel Chicken pox: Acyclovir Helminths: Mebendazole Leptospirosis: PET (penicillin, erythromycin, tetracyclin) NURSING PRACTICE 1 (Part 2) 6  Genital Herpes – Acyclovir Typhoid fever – Chloramphenicol #community_nursingnns COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CHAIN OF INFECTION meron pong chain kung ano at paano kumakalat ang mga communicable disease.. at ito rin po yung basehan kung pano sila mapupuksa sa community.. like for example, sa community is merong dengue, ang isa sa pinaka-effective na paraan para mapuksa sila is alisin ang kanilang reservoir.. Meron tayong microorganisms na nagko-cause ng CD aka: causative agents.. ▪︎Bacteria – deadliest ▪︎Virus ▪︎Fungi ▪︎Protozoan ▪︎Parasite ▪︎atbp. RESERVOIR ito ang tirahan ng mga causative agents.. kailangan po nila ng reservoir para maka-survive at para narin dito sila magparami.. mga example ng pwede maging reservoir: ▪︎Human ▪︎Animals ▪︎Non-living things PORTAL OF EXIT dito naman ang labasan ng mga microorganisms galing sa reservoir, tanong, bakit sila lalabas???– yun po ay para lumipat, magparami, at manghawa naman sa ibang tao.. since dumami na sila sa isa, kailangan naman nila lumipat sa iba.. halimbawa sa PTB.. ang portal of exit nila ay sa respiratory system.. since inu-ubo po ng may PTB ang bacteria.. ang ibang examples ng portal of exit: ▪︎Respiratory System ▪︎GUT, GIT, Skin, etc. MODE OF TRANSMISSION Kung pano pumapasok ang microorganism sa susceptiple host.. ▪︎Contact — person to person (direct), contact with contaminated object (indirect), respiratory secretions (droplets). ▪︎Air-borne – air transmission ▪︎Vehicle – articles or substance ▪︎Vector-borne – insects (e.g Dengue) NURSING PRACTICE 1 (Part 2) 7  PORTAL OF ENTRY ito po yung dinadaanan ng microorganism papasok sa katawan ng susceptible host.. at pwede maging same lang din ang portal of entry at portal of entry ng isang microorganism.. SUSCEPTIBLE HOST Pwedeng ikaw ito, at pwede ring ako.. ito ay ang magiging biktima ng microorganism.. if malakas ang ay iyong immune system ay mahihirapan po ang mga organisms na ito pumasok at magparami sayo.. note: part pa lamang po ito ng introduction about CD.. abang-abang lang po sa mga susunod na COPAR https://www.facebook.com/share/1Ggj7qSGDX/?mibextid=wwXIfr IMCI (integrated management of childhood illness) KEY POINTS 1. CLASSIFICATIONS if napansin mo, mayroon tayong tatlong kulay sa IMCI.. sila ay ang Green - Home Treatment Yellow - Health Center/Outpatient Treatment Pink - Hospital (Emergency/Urgent referral) ang tatlong kulay nayan ay ang classification ng batang may sakit.. ibig sabihin kapag nagkasakit ang bata sa IMCI, mayroon lang tatlong category na pwede syang mapasok.. tanong, what age group ang target ng IMCI??? -- ang sagot po ay BELOW 5 y/o (young children) 2. DANGER SIGNS (DS) s aating IMCI meron tayong apat na DANGER SIGNS.. ibig sabihin, kapag mayroon kang nakita na kahit isa lang sa mga signs na'to.. automatic PINK/EMERGENCY/REFER na agad.. sila ay ang.. Vomiting - vomits everything Unable to breastfeed/drink Convulsions Lethargy - sleeping abnormally. 3. OTHER DANGER SIGNS (ODS) NURSING PRACTICE 1 (Part 2) 8  maliban sa apat na danger signs, meron pa po tayong apat rin na other danger signs (ODS).. ibig sabihin, kapag makita mo kahit isa lang sa apat na ito, ay agad- agad PINK/EMERGENCY/REFER.. at sila ay ang Stridor Stiff neck Mastoiditis any IMCI illness na may "SEVERE" 4. HOME TREATMENT (GREEN) Cough or Cold Measles Fever note: lahat ng home treatment ay GREEN, pero if madadagdagan ng kahit isa lang sa DS or ODS.. magiging PINK ito. halimbawa.. Cough only = GREEN Cough + Stridor= PINK Fever only = GREEN Fever + Convulsion = PINK 5. IMCI TREATMENT Pneumonia -amoxicillin (1st line) Dysentery -ciprofloxacin (shigella) Cholera erythromycin (1st line) tetracyclin (2nd line) Wheezing -salbutamol Severe Malaria -quinine -artesunate Cough kalamansi juice breastfeeding Eye infection tetracyclin Ear infection wicking (drying) quinolone NURSING PRACTICE 1 (Part 2) 9  Mouth ulcer gentian violet Oral thrush (candida) nystatin Helmenthiasis mebendazole (500 mg) albendazole (400 mg) Measles vitamin A Diarrhea vitamin A Zinc Dengue oresol (ORS) NO ASPIRIN 6. FOLLOW-UP yan yung mga araw na dapat bumalik si mother para ipacheck-up ulit ang bata.. at may ibat-ibang follow-up tayo sa ibat-ibang illness.. 3 DAYS F/up (follow up) Pneumonia Dysentery Malaria Measles Fever: No malaria Unlikely 5 DAYS F/up Persistent Diarrhea Acute and Chronic Ear Infection Cough/Cold (if not improving) Feeding Problem 14 DAYS F/up Anemia 30 DAYS F/up Moderate Acute Malnutrition 7. ACUTE VS CHRONIC NURSING PRACTICE 1 (Part 2) 10  tandaan mo, kapag sumobra na ng 14 days ang illness, chronic na po ito.. pero kapag below 14 days pa, acute palang po ito.. >14 days = Chronic