Health Psychology PDF

· Written exam 120 min (weight 100 % ) · Donus of up to 0. 33 gl...

· Written exam 120 min (weight 100 % ) · Donus of up to 0. 33 glade points can se obtained for participation in a health psych. experiment by the September read before class · Leadings the (registration options will be provided via Teams) gSep-21 15-18 30Mo · Oct 14.. + & 1 14 15 17. -. 00 Oct Hw : read the chapter ⑪ bringthe far. book/sketchbook - What is applied (health) psychology? > - the study & use of psychological principles to promote health , prevent illness , behavior , and mental healthcare physical well-being how and improve , focusing on emotions , processes affect. - What sorts of questions do health psychologists address in their everyday work? ? How -motivate ind. to healthier behaviors adopt S · can does affect physical health & what eoping strategies · How stress can reduce its impact ? for preventing illnesses like heart disease diabetes obesity through behavio change · What are the most effective strategies or ? , , · How do mental health conditions like depression anxiety affect physical health recovery from illness? or & - What are the core competencies of health psychologists? Behaviorinterventions (CBT) Cognitive & - Psychological - Assessment sevaluation - research & Education - Health Promotion - Communication Skills Ethics & Professionalism - - What are standards of conduct, performance and ethics? > - guidelines that ensure professionals act responsibly& & Competence work Equality & Respect ethically in their > - So > - > - confidentiality > - Communication informed concent Boundaries > - Accountability > - safety & well-being < research methods) ② - Why and where are questionnaires and interviews important? they are > - vital element of health a behavior change societal (e socio-economic status) within them, behavioral scientiss identify the relationship like. g. > - look to can between factors individual (e attitudes towards exercising). g. - What are the advantages and disadvantages of online questionnaires? Per : 1) Mickly Rating scales & people's assess attitudes. 2) Relatively to heap develop I. When applied studies indicate which variables correlate with each other. 3) national t in h e , an questionnaire should strong evidence of freelyintenanta The have Co : utility dependent 1) Their is their potential design to on. 2) If the questionnaire is no reliable inaccurate representation of what you're trying = measure limited use behavior in predicting => 3) When used inmonal designs , they tell us little about aquation. Fumental designs provide stronger evidence - Which tools would you (not) use for assessing physical activity? regarding causation. scale > - Reliable & Valid questionnaire Generate rating 1. large pool of a items. 2 Take care when writing the specific items > - a) The set of items should accurately comprehensively represent the I 6 b) avoid acronyms is amsiguous language general, , diversity complexity of the psychological construct & tent validity = ii) leading g ? are problematic (..., right ) statement avoidgenerate should be iii) iv) couble-barreled g avoid double. should be avoided Some of the items versed to with negatives inconsistent with. 3 Pilot the measure - > as revnove items that elicit responses that all responses on other related Y b) Remove items validity i nal => measured that items are unlikely to discriminate ↳. Further test the reliability validity of your ↳ M instruments questionnaire - collecting val mail (10 pages for data : > - 100 items) (10 mini - Computer-assisted) telephone interview - face-to-face interview 160 min) was survey - * face-to-face questionnaire CognitiveinterviewingTechnique tenay · Opinion "I don't now option questions fit the Nonresponse - be · > pb : generalized results cannot What is ? asking a survey · 1. Behavior (purchasing commuting , , diet , physical exercising 4. Attitudes/believes/opinions. 5 Characteristics/socio-demographics 6. Expectations 7. (Unconscious unawareness opinions) , 8. self-classification 11. Knowledge 12. (Social desirabeliz) - > to comply with normto appear a good portance of Questionnaires. & interviews => seetreportedquestionnairescommonlyusedtophysicallevelinlaschort sea a level of activity > - provide rough of activity level estimate categorize participants by or can health > - strong convincing a that physical activity evidencescan protect is recommended of multiple measures or "triangulation" &of measures > - use ↑ Disadvantages of Avantages Interviews Questionnaires Posis- easyto adminis te datail on activity's cande converted to diff. outcome mese are Le g type frequency,.. , intensity duration etc) iscognitivelimitationsassociatedwith recall ofphyral at active , iPAQ - -- - iPAQ-SF (short-folm) is perhaps the most - outcome for clinical& appropriate measure - - search use He , although it still reports only - moderate correlation with erometry. - - - - - - - - - D ↑ !  Adaptation of Surveys (learned from IPAQ) Cultural Equivalence [Functional Cetual L Conceptual Equivalence Metric L centering [C Remove cultural bins : Linguistic & create versions in diff languages translationbacktradation groups. a E - - - - - - · toum methods Non-reactive data direct observations Tests & Paper & pencil questionnaire Face-to-face interview +GetAdministeredainistered Administration · Seef-Report -M Egory [Logs/diaries (propertie ↓ (spive) Recall Questionnaires L Quantitative L History Global self-report TameProuda ! cellenges with Interviews Questionnaires & I > - instead of "did you experience" better use questions " > - avoid g. that invite socially desirable responses > - frame g to. minimize threat > - no "moral" words z > - rather forced-choice format than - agree-g > - balanced set of +& -worded 2. instead of scafes cranking rating > - personimrather thanitpersonitahigh thi , no. of responde categorie avod asbreviationamguconfusionvagnjemalanguageprestigliasdoude-barreled; - leading g; false men, a ③ -What is the > behavior change taxonomy? that classification system represents defines set Savior of change techniques (BCT). DE a a - - What are BCTs and why do we need them? used in > - a systematic strategy an attempt to change behavior (e. g providing info. on consequences; - Why is the Intervention Mapping process helpful and how can we use it practically? >procentdesign ,developevalkhavichange interventina myg - - developing an intervention - ·fath = state of well-being with satisfaction of physical , cultural , psychosocial , economic and spiritual needs , not simply the assence of illness. - - - a The of good yes it happylife = nature ↳ ↳.negativethatpeople "good mental states including all of the the , various evaluations, positive lives and make of their affective reactions op a , most utilized scale to date-> EEB6 > - accounts for 50 % of all theory of well-being Homeostasis (HTWB) - shows causal links between Clinical studies ↓ some significant determinants of physical & well-being mental ofachment t the construct places emphasis on ! - the role of Fincomeent = - -consumption - - - - ! - - - - - - - Psychology interdisciplinary Health the application of psychological knowledge techne & field concernedwith a = Ritonale role for health psychology & : The 1. ehavioural basis for illnessmethods mortality requires Elective of behavior change a. 2 Ah stic system of health requires expert knowledge of care the pychosocial environmental appraise dychological ↳ model (BPSM) biopsychosocial  Cross-cultural psychology emphasizes ltural diversity and casts a = - skeptical eye over the of contempolaly psychology. It conside ethnocentrism - A tonal of large group samples the Unit of analysis rather than individuals. as - C - QoL - perspective - - - - - - - - - = > - - Students engaged more are in courses when I stressed a. This engagement also affected by individual al was students' interests & go Defi ! - -- - 0 - : g - I state of eq ). = > ! - - - - ! - - - n e e  methods Qualitative ⑪) ③ What are the advantages and disadvantages of qualitative methods? A Quantitative What are mixed methods and what is the role of qualitative data in it? - - - + Qualitative · methods I 3) What are the seven underpinning values and ethical principles of Participatory Health Research? - - - - - - Strengths & Weaknesses of Study Designs in theHierarchyof Evideare - - - Design dy I Strengths contextual - - Internal Experiment/RCTs validity Not feasible many in - · · ↓ eircumstances ind - - - voli Restrictive enrollment - - - criteria - - Volunteer bias - - - - - Expensive - · - Conor Time consuming ! · 3) - - reg large i · wires sample sizes exper outcomes impactical outcomes · for rare control subject time-consumingending over · · selection , requenti Ahan prospective chat) · rare outcomes still difficult to study (it Biareuding for confounding · risk -actional High ricontrol · inexperie sma, a · % Sias I · cannot establish temporal seg. between exposureId outcome · Limited to 1 outcome I I · cannot access incidence/prevalence I - · May Cross-sectional study multiplea cannot establish temporal seg between · outcomes & & outcome exposures exposure estimatelefasible freaenes Short · duration · can provide an grin ofcontendea - case series Potato · · of comparison group Lack causality Risk , incidence, prevalence markedly limits cannot be conclusions ascertained about  stula Metakalyanveaggregate a # Triangulation* Research methods : - antitative research methods S I > : - how much ing > - place emphasis on reliable & valid measurement in controlled ⑪ investigations with experiments trials & surveys , · a showalitative eachmethod standingwhy what,whentheealth , and illness concepts & experience situations that merit -studies none-off a me : investigation , ) & research methods oralitative ↳aimto understanding pointentions & of behavior , not its amount organtto & interviews ,especial y semi-strea ↓ groundedtheyanalysis L interpretative narrative phenomenological analysis approaches Diaries · & blogs Is prepared by researcher (participant/both ↳ quantitative /qualitative /both ind net : resource for blogs , diaries & forums a virtual social support. Share their experiences , seek info a provide · Focus groups -> one or more gloup discussions > - participants "focus" collectively upon a topic/issue usually I them presented to as : · group of questions · film · collection of advertisements · cards to solt to game play · a vignette to discuss · inctivefeature= generation of interactive a ↳ act as the moderator for the discussion & ensure that all the semi-structured interviews group participants have opportunity to express viewpoint designed explore the participant's view of things with the minimal amount ·. -> to ↳ - from the of assumptions interviewer more ended than structured interviewa allows the interviewee to open a · analysis Hiscourse ↳ address issues that he/she should develop feels relevant to the topics raised by the investigator guide the researcher an review of procedures set > - used or texts 2 > - analyzing language as in speech > -focuses - language on how : it is used to construct versions of "social reality" a what is gained by constructing events with the particular turns used being 2 folms Discursive psychology - discursive strategies people use particular actions in social situations , to further ↓ > - - including accounting for own behavior/thoughts (FDA) Fuldian discourse analysis - aims to identify broader discussive resources that culture draw upon in their everyday lives people in a particular (smoking)  data · theoryofguidelinesfo conductingqualitative rounded analysis sussequently gone through various revisions Historical · analysishealthfilenaresociallyandhistoricallyleadphenom a set approaches criptiveapproache listingofgrowth ofdisciplinelaudatoryteato in Diff. a dise and ↳ concerned i · thepretative analysis (IPA) phenomenological - withexploring lived experience of understand the aim : to phenomena from the perspective of ↳ - a particular participant to be the researcher interpreted by Nativeapproach -> concerned with desire to seek insight about health & illness meaning · & ↳ Option human beings are natural storytellers : ↳ most popular source of material interview - - the Ke Disodic interview > - researcher encourages participant speak to on a variety of particular experiences. 3/estuces detailed individual collective > - used to give a descriptive account of an , group or > - Pre : provide a thick description" of a Phenomenon that would not be deliberate obtained aim to by link usual quantitative/qualitative approaches researchers to be expansive in the data collected with > - requires type of a (e the person with the context.. g the sick person in the family evolution > - researchers usually attempts to provide a chronological account of of a phenomenon from the perspective of central character a 4) Action ↳ Research Methods : bringingchange enable change to feed back into plans for & improvement empowerment emancipation ↳ processes , procesofchangewhstimulate orator or dang-agent - works with stakeholders in a Lysemmmmaythings organizational consultancy of - & work when community organization - > - help situation a develop or to make a change of direction work in their local a comne P Action Research (PAR) Cipatory ar health > - prominent deliberately method psychology Immunity in of unit hange seek to form provoke some > - PAR researchers also at performance as vehicles for envisioning promoting change > - use & + [Photo-horla e. g > -. Creationin Health Psychology : : · Participation as research paradigm a. ~An equal collaboration between multiple Stakeholders ~ Researchersgivepowerteachparticipath agenda , process o actions/prod an Participants data engaged collecting , analyzing& reflecting generated ~ are in on  - = > 0- ! a I - - Q O 0- #rangulation * T ools change to support behavior : A ) - - - - - servational Methoda ⑤ - What are the advantages and disadvantages of observational methods? - If we observe behavior like adherence to hand hygiene recommendations, how does this relate to psychology? - Which technology can be used for observations? D -> - ~ findings can be the extent to which the other real world general setting Ted to Disclosed righttonamed Undisclosed observation - pevent the a count would behave naturally - observation -- observed ind are informedbefore and = ! ↳ ~ isk : their actions thoughts & are affected ~ - - - - -  The social Stve theory of Bandura. - examines the social origins of behavior in addition to the cognitive thought processes ↳ that influence human behavior. through observation of models in the assence