Proper Hygiene and Good Grooming PDF

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | HANDOUT NO.2.1 |. **STRUCTURE AND DIVISION OF | | | HAIR** | | **Technical Vocational Education | | | (TV...

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | HANDOUT NO.2.1 |. **STRUCTURE AND DIVISION OF | | | HAIR** | | **Technical Vocational Education | | | (TVE -- Exploratory)** | There are two main division of | | | hair one above the surface of the | | Quarter 2 | skin and the one below it. The | | | portion of the hair that we | | **Observes Proper Hygiene and | usually care most about is called | | Good Grooming** | the hair shaft. A variety of | | | structures are connected with the | | **SPTVE\_EXPL7-PDHB-llA-7** | hair root. The hair follicle is a | | | tiny tube-like pit in the skin, | | \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\ | it holds the hair root. Every | | -\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\- | hair in your body has its own | | \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\ | follicle. The arrector pili | | -\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\- | muscle is attached to the lower | | \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- | portion of the follicle. The | | | cuticle is the outer layer | | The most important aspect of | covering of the hair shaft. This | | maintaining good health is a good | layer is composed of tiny | | and proper hygiene which includes | transparent overlapping cells | | good grooming. By definition | while the cortex gives elasticity | | **proper hygiene** is the many | to the hair. Medulla is a small | | practices that help people be and | core of the cells that can run | | stay healthy. It is important | from the hair bulb to the tip of | | that you maintain a proper | the hair shaft. | | hygiene as it would help you | | | prevent catching spreading |  | | illness and disease. Another is | | | that when you practice proper | **SHAMPOOING PRINCIPLES** | | hygiene, you would feel good | | | about yourself and your body. | Shampooing is an important | | This is now where good grooming | procedure of cleaning both hair | | comes in. **Good grooming** is | and scalp. It removes dirt, | | maintaining the cleanliness of | grease, and any matter that coats | | the body improve your physical | the hair and scalp. This is | | appearance. As a result, this | important in preparing the hair | | leads to having better | for processes. If any deposit is | | self-esteem and confidence. | left in the hair after | | | shampooing, they may interfere | | **PERSONAL HYGIENE CHECKLIST** | with the processes. Good | | | shampooing can be both physically | | Below is a list the many | and psychologically soothing, | | practices you can do when | relaxing, and enjoyable. Make | | practicing proper hygiene and | sure you are or your client, when | | good grooming. The list, in fact, | doing others hair, is comfortable | | is long but the ones included in | throughout. Poor shampoo | | this module are the most basic of | technique may irritate your | | them all. | client and lead to general | | | dissatisfaction. | | **BASIC HYGIENE** | | | | There are times when you need to | | 1. **Wash your hands.** It is | deal with the hair of others. | | the single most important way | Thus, you have to consider some | | of preventing the spread of | of the following: | | germs. This is one is | | | important to be learned by | **a.** Discuss with the client | | students like you. Make sure | what you are going to do. | | that you make it a habit to | | | wash your hands. When washing | **b.** Select suitable protective | | your hands you may sing a | clothing, gowns and towels. | | song like "Happy Birthday" or | | | any other song long enough to | **c.** Analyze the stress of hair | | ensure that your hands are | and scalp by examining it | | properly washed. | carefully. | | | | | **2. Trim your fingernails.** The | **d.** Report immediately to a | | black line of mud under the | senior member of staff any sign | | fingernails may look | of abnormality. | | embarrassing. Because of that, | | | some people may feel embarrassed | **e.** Consult the client | | and refuse to shake hands with | throughout. | | you after noticing your poor hand | | | hygiene. They don't know where | **f.** Indicate how long | | your hands have been before the | shampooing will take. | | handshake, so they may feel that | | | shaking hands with you may be | **POPULAR KINDS OF SHAMPOO** | | unhealthy for them. For them, | | | that kind of behavior is a | 1**. Jojoba** -- This is intended | | measure of preventing the spread | for dry hair. This contains light | | of microorganisms and diseases. | non-greasy oil which has a | | This is the reason why you need | | | to trim your fingernails at least | good moisturizing effect. | | once per week. Do this after | | | taking a bath so that your | 2**. Coconut** -- This is for a | | fingernails are softer and easier | dry hair also but contains an | | to cut. Keeping your finger and | emollient which helps to regain | | toenails trimmed and in good | | | shape will prevent problems such | smooth and elastic hair | | as hang nails and infected nail | | | beds. Feet that are clean and dry | 3\. **Chamomile** -- This | | are less likely to contract | shampoo is intended for a | | athlete's foot. The cut must | greasy hair so as to ensure | | short but not too close to the | brightness. | | nail bed. Do not bite your nails | | | as it may cause the spread of | This also shines and soothes. In | | germs into your mouth or other | addition, the dry powder is | | body openings. | effective. | | | | | **3. Wash your face.** During the | 4\. **Rosemary --** This | | day, your skin on the face | shampoo, which is for normal | | gathers sweat and dust, which\ | hair reduces scales, an | | leads to ***pores clogging*** on | antiseptic and | | the face. To prevent this, you | | | should wash it a ***couple of | this is also stimulating for the | | times per day***. Make a habit of | user. | | washing your face first thing in | | | the morning and a couple of times | 5**. Soya --** This is a shampoo | | per day. This keeps away the | for normal hair and contains | | sweat and dusts that accumulate | useful moisturizer. | | on the skin of the face and make | | | you look tired and old. | 6\. **Oil -- This contains pine, | | | palm, almond and other oils | | For skin face washing, always use | which softens and conditions a | | a mild soap because it is a fact | dry** | | that the skin on your face is | | | different from that of your body. | **hair.** | | It is also important to choose a | | | soap that would best suit you for | 7**. Egg --** This is for greasy | | even if a soap works good on the | hair. | | face of the others, it does not | | | mean the same for you. When | 8\. **Medicated --** This one | | drying your face, just dampen the | helps to maintain the normal | | clean towel lightly. | state of hair and skin. | | | | | **ORAL HYGIENE** | 9\. **Treatment --** Designed to | | | deal with specific problems | | **4. Brush your teeth.** Brushing | such as dandruff or\ | | your teeth ***daily*** is the | excessive greasiness. | | main oral hygiene habit If you | | | want the extra cleanliness for | 10\. **Pre-perm --** Intended to | | your teeth, brush your teeth | be used before the application | | ***after each meal***. But this | of a perm process. It\ | | is optional. At the very least, | contains chemical that ensures | | you may brush your teeth ***twice | that the hair surface is clean | | a day and floss daily.*** | of chemicals that\ | | Brushing lessens the possibility | could interfere with the perm | | of accumulation of bacteria in | actions on the hair. | | your mouth, which can cause tooth | | | decay and gum disease. | It is important to make the right | | | choice. Choosing depends on | | **5. Floss**. Floss every day to | several factors such as type, | | remove the food residues from | texture and condition of hair. | | between the teeth. Teeth brushing | **Fine hair** requires a shampoo | | isn\'t always able to completely | that will not degrease it or make | | clean your teeth because the | it too fluffy. Choose a shampoo | | blisters of the toothbrush can't | that will add body or consider | | reach all areas of the mouth. As | using a hair thickener. **Coarse | | a result, small food particles | hair** needs a shampoo that will | | remain stuck between the teeth. | penetrate and make good contract | | Flossing, too, helps maintain | with all of the hair and whole | | strong, healthy gums. The | scalp. If hair is washed once or | | bacteria that builds up and | more daily, remember to use a | | causes gum disease can go | shampoo specially designed for | | straight to the heart and cause | frequent use. Remember that | | very serious valve problems. | shampoo is intended to color, | | Unhealthy gums also can cause | tone, condition or just cleanse | | your teeth to loosen, which makes | | | it difficult to chew and to eat | **10. Shave your armpit/ Use a | | properly. | deodorant.** Shave the hair in | | | your armpits to reduce | | **6. Clean your tongue.** Use a | odor-releasing areas of the body. | | toothbrush or a tongue scraper to | The armpit is the area on the | | scrape the white coating off your | body where bacteria thrive due to | | tongue. Scrape it until it | the hair and high humidity. Hairy | | becomes pink. The thin film on | armpits also **increase the | | the surface of the tongue is a | temperature** of the body, which | | collection of food residues and | promotes sweating. **Deodorants** | | bacteria that may serve as a bad | and **antiperspirants** come in | | breath source. | many varieties. Deodorants work | | | **to cover up the body odor**, | | **7. Replace your toothbrush**. | while antiperspirants work to | | Dentists recommend replacing the | **control, or dry up**, | | toothbrush every 3 to 4 months of | perspiration. Today many products | | daily use. The reason for that is | contain both a deodorant and an | | that the toothbrush bristles | antiperspirant. These products | | start bending over time, and they | come as aerosol sprays, roll-ons, | | become less efficient. | sticks, creams, and even | | | crystals. Different people prefer | | **8. Visit a dentist.** Even if | to use different products, and | | you follow a proper oral hygiene | the companies that make the | | routine it is still recommended | products will advertise specific | | to visit a dentist for a check-up | types of deodorants and | | once or twice a year. The dentist | antiperspirants for men and | | may discover minor carries | women. This is because men and | | outbreaks at their earliest stage | women have different body | | of development and the dentist | chemistry. However, these | | might treat them. To maintain a | products have the tendency to | | healthy smile, visit the dentist | work just the same as the others. | | at six-month intervals for | | | check-ups and cleanings. | **11. Moisturize your skin.** To | | | maintain your skin healthy, use | | Taking care of your teeth does | skin-moisturizing products. These | | not only include brushing, | products help hydrate your skin | | flossing or visiting a dentist. | and make it softer and smoother. | | It is also important to note that | The **l**argest organ of the | | the food you eat may affect your | human body is the skin. Beautiful | | teeth condition. Therefore, | skin is more often due to your | | choosing the right food and | genes than a result of the types | | avoiding those that are bad for | of creams and lotions you put on | | the teeth is a critical | it. This doesn't mean that your | | consideration. | skin, no matter what type cannot | | | be improved just consider eating | | **BODY HYGIENE** | a proper diet, getting regular | | | exercise, developing and | | **9. Take a bath.** It is | maintaining a skin care routine. | | recommended to shower regularly. | | | How often to take showers will | **THE STRUCTURE OF SKIN** | | depend on whether you live in | | | warm or cold weather areas. If | The skin is made up of four | | you live in a warm-weather area | layers: | | you may need a couple of showers | | | per day to stay clean. But if you | 1\. **Horny Outer Layer** -- | | live in a cold-weather area, | consist of dead cells. | | taking one shower per 1 or 2 days | | | may be enough. Use your common | 2\. **Epidermis** -- contains | | sense. The main point of | sweat glands and hair | | showering is to wash away the | follicles. | | sweat and the dust of the body, | | | to prevent odors, and to maintain | 3\. **Dermis** -- contains the | | it fresh and clean. According to | blood vessels | | a research, our skin sheds off | | | and needs to be taken care of by | 4\. **Subcutaneous Layer** -- | | bathing or washing. Thus, taking | contains protective part. | | a bath is essential to avoid | | | caking up of skin which may cause | **12. Wash your feet.** To wash | | illness. In addition, bathing | your feet properly, soak them | | helps cool the body | into warm water with soap.\ | | | Wash the bottom and the sides of | | The hair is an appendage of the | the feet, and between the toes. | | skin men and women have been | Use a **pumice stone\ | | concerned about their hair | **to scrub the dry skin off the | | throughout history. It offers | heels. When you have finished, | | protection to your body and helps | dry out your feet, especially\ | | you look attractive. | between the toes because that is | | | where fungal infections usually | | The study of hair is called | start developing. | | **trichology.** Hair covers all | | | parts of the body except for the | Remember that your ear canal is | | lips, palms, and soles the feet | self-cleaning. **Wax** is | | and the parts of the reproductive | secreted into the ear canal by | | organs. Hair has a very practical | glands that are found in the skin | | purpose in your nose and ears. It | of the canal. These wax and other | | helps foreign bodies from | particles, such as dust, travel | | invading you. Hair is composed | down the ear canal and are washed | | mainly of a hard-chemical | away or fall out to make room for | | substance called **keratin.** | new wax being made. It is not | | | necessary to use cotton swabs to | | Skin grows from within outwards. | clean the ear canal. In fact, | | This occurs at the basal cell | using them can harm the ear by | | layer, which separates the dermis | pushing wax toward the eardrum, | | from epidermis. These cells are | where it can get stuck and cause | | continuously reproducing and | blockage or an ear infection. | | moving forwards the skin's | While cleaning the pinna and | | surface. When these cells die, | behind the ear is good hygiene, | | they form the horny layer that | the rest of the ear will usually | | acts as a safety barrier and | take care of itself. | | protects the fresh cell | | | underneath. At the surface these | **HAIR | | cells form keratin, a layer of | HYGIENE** | | tough materials that is | | | considered to be thickest in the | **14. Maintain your hair.** The | | body areas subject to the most | hair releases oils, which, if not | | wear and tear. The palms of the | washed away, make your head, look | | hands and the soles of the feet | greasy. Such hair is difficult to | | are examples. The surface layer | maintain, and we don't want this | | is in a constant state of renewal | kind of hair. Wash your hair with | | as the dead cells are by their | shampoo. Your washing schedule | | cells. Exfoliation removes this | may differ depending on the | | surface layer, leaving the skin | length and the type of your hair. | | smooth. On the other hand, | A good rule to follow is to wash | | collagen, the elastic tissue in | it whenever it gets greasy and | | the dermis layer gives the skin | dirty. Also, it helps to visit a | | its suppleness, smoothness, and | hairstylist from time to time. | | plumpness. As you age the | | | collagen tissues break down which | There are different types of | | causes skin to sag, wrinkle and | hair: straight, wavy, curly, or | | become thin. | kinky. This is because the shape | | | of the individual hair shaft is | | **MAIN TYPES OF SKIN** | related to the forms of the hair. | | | | | 1. **Dry Skin --** is usually | **CHARACTERISTICS OF HAIR** | | very fine and has few visible | | | pores; This often develops | 1. **Porosity** -- refers the | | flaky patches in cold | ability of the hair to absorb | | weather. It is frequently | water moisture. | | affected by temperature | | | changes, artificial heating | 2. **Elasticity** -- refers to | | or air conditioning or air | the ability of the hair to | | pollution. Women who are fair | stretch beyond its normal | | complexioned and light haired | length the spring | | usually have dry skin. Such | | | kind of skin has little | back. | | natural oil due to under | | | active sebaceous glands; it | 3. **Density** -- refers to the | | burns easily in the sun and | amount of hair per square in | | is frequently also sensitive. | on the scalp. | | The most important aspect of | | | caring for dry skin is to | 4. **Texture --** the hair valid | | moisturize it regularly. | to be thin, medium, and | | | thick.**.** | | 2. **Oily Skin --** It is the | | | result of overactive | Remember to keep you hair clean | | sebaceous glands. Oily skin | and groomed. Frequent washing, | | is prone to breakouts, and | brushing and combing are | | often has a shiny film all | important to ensure that the hair | | over, particularly on the | and scalp are healthy. This will | | nose and cheeks. It is | also help prevent infestation | | frequently large pored and | with lice or fleas. Keep also in | | coarser looking than dry | mind that borrowing hairbrush and | | skin. Dark haired and | combs with others is a no-no. | | dark-skinned women often oily | | | skin. Although younger girls | **INTIMATE HYGIENE** | | with oily skin often find | | | they have continual breakout | **15. Keep your privates clean.** | | and acne, oily skin less | Bathing means cleaning one's body | | likely to wrinkle early. | from head to toe. **Perineal | | | care** means the bathing of the | | **3. Combination Skin --** has | genital and anal (rectum) area, | | areas of both dryness and | or "**private parts."** The | | oiliness, the greasy patches are | intimate area is an ecosystem | | | inhabited with hundreds of | | usually down the centre of the | microorganisms and species. | | face, forming a T-Shape while the | Maintaining the cleanliness of | | remainder of the | your genitals is an important | | | aspect of your health. | | skin on the face is drier, finer | | | in texture, and in need of more | Remember to keep the area down | | moisturizing. If the | there clean and fresh. | | | | | difference between the two areas | **GROOMING ACTIVITIES** | | is great, they should be treated | | | with separate skin | **16. Wear clean and neat | | | clothing.** A lasting personal | | products. | hygiene equals = clean body + | | | clean clothing. Once you're done | | **4. Sensitive Skin** -- is | with your personal hygiene | | usually dry, delicate, and prone | activities and your body is | | to broken capillaries and | clean, always wear clean clothes | | allergic | on a clean body. Tips to follow: | | | Don't wear items containing | | reactions such as rashes with | vomit, injury fluids, sweat, or | | sensitive skin. It is important | foods. Dry out your clothes after | | to use products | washing them. Wear clothes that | | | fit your size. Iron your shirts | | designed for this specific skin | and trousers. Dirty clothes and | | type. These products are | underwear are attractive homes to | | laboratory tested to | **bacteria** which may cause bad | | | smell or worst, illness. This | | eliminate ingredients that are | also includes wearing footwear to | | known to cause allergies and are | protect your feet from **bacteria | | often termed | or germs, infections by worms,** | | | and **cuts** caused by sharp | | hypoallergenic. | objects on the ground. | | | | | **MINUTE SKIN CARE** | **17. Have a timely haircut.** | | | Once your head starts looking | | \(a) Always remove eye makeup | like a bush cut your hair down. | | before going to bed. Dampen a | Visit your hairstylist who can do | | cotton wool pad or ball with | your hair and trim the | | remover and wipe over the eye | unnecessary hair on the head and | | area. Do this gently and never | neck. Always remember that | | pull or tug at the skin around | hairstyle is a choice but there | | the eyes because they are | are times when your school or | | delicate. You may need to go | your parents would ask you to get | | over the lids and lashes a few | a particular hair style | | times until all traces of | appropriate for the situation. | | makeup are gone. (b) Next, | During these times, it is still | | cleanse your face thoroughly. | good to consider your own style | | If you have a problem with | while doing what is being asked | | spots or acne you may find that | of you to do. | | using a complexion brush helps | | | to unblock pores. (c)Then, tone | **18. Use a signature scent. | | your skin with the appropriate | After** you've taken a shower, | | formulation, and apply a light | add a few drops of your favorite | | amount of moisturizer. Gently | scent on the body. This adds | | massage it in and wipe off any | +1point to your attractiveness. | | excess. (d) Also, always pluck | Many people also use some kind of | | your brows from underneath the | perfume or cologne or a type of | | natural arch and in the | scented soap. While these | | direction of the hair's growth. | products were first created as a | | (e)Apply one of the special eye | way to mask or cover up body | | creams that reduces morning | odor, many people now use them as | | puffiness and swelling. These | a way to express their | | are usually made from herb | individuality and uniqueness, | | extracts. (f)Moisturize your | just like you. Not everyone likes | | neck and throat, too as the | to use these types of products, | | skin in these areas can easily | however, and some people prefer a | | become dry. Work the | more natural smell. | | moisturizer up from the throat | | | towards the jaw. Dermatologists | There are many different types of | | also recommend the following | scents on the market, and some | | for clean, healthy skin: | are advertised toward a younger | | | audience. While there\'s nothing | | - Use lotions only if there is | wrong with using a perfume, | | a need and use ones that are | cologne, or a scented soap, it\'s | | oil-free and water-based. | important to be careful about | | | irritating sensitive skin. Young | | - Try to identify what | skin can be more tender than an | | irritates your skin; if it\'s | adult\'s skin, so it may be wise | | stress, try to reduce stress | to wait a few years before | | levels. | experimenting with these | | | products. You should also | | - Leave pimples alone; picking, | consider choosing a perfume that | | popping, or squeezing them | would best suit your personality. | | will only make them worse. | | | | **19. Maintain facial hair.** As | | - Have only a dermatologist | you age, the facial hair grows | | removed or extract pimples. | faster, which means that | | | maintaining needs to be done. | | - Try to avoid touching the | Trim the hair from your beard, | | face. | nose, ears, and eyebrows to | | | maintain an attractive look. As | | - Keep hands clean by washing | facial hair continues to grow, | | them often. | many boys will opt to shave. How | | | often that is done is really a | | - Try to stay out of the sun | personal choice, one that depends | | and use a sunscreen every day | on how fast and thick the hair | | during summer or whenever | grows. It also depends on whether | | necessary. | or not a beard, goatee, or | | | moustache is desired. However | | **12. Wash your feet.** To | often a man wishes to shave his | | wash your feet properly, soak | face, a traditional or disposable | | them into warm water with | razor with shaving cream or gel | | soap. Wash the bottom and the | or an electric razor may be used | | sides of the feet, and | for shaving facial hair. | | between the toes. Use a | | | pumice stone to scrub the dry | Just as boys choose to shave | | skin off the heels. When you | their faces (or not), girls may | | have finished, dry out your | opt to remove unwanted hair on | | feet, especially between the | their arms, face, legs, bikini | | toes because that is where | (pubic) area, and underarms. | | fungal infections usually | There are many methods | | start developing. | appropriate for getting rid of | | | this hair. Remember that | | **13. Clean your ears.** Remove | different methods are better | | the ear wax after taking a | suited to different body parts | | shower. That is when the ear wax | | | melts and can be easily removed | **20. Carry a handkerchief.** In | | with a cotton stick. The ears | the old days, the noble people | | consist of three parts: the | always carried a handkerchief | | **outer ear,** the **middle | with them, as a sign of good | | ear**, and the **inner ear.** In | manners. They covered their mouth | | terms of hygiene, people need | with it whenever they felt the | | only be concerned with the outer | urge to sneeze or to cough. | | ear. The outer ear consists of | Sneezing in a person's face was | | the **pinna,** the part that is | considered an impolite gesture. | | visible, and the ear canal that | This didn't change much today. | | leads toward the eardrum that | Good-mannered people are still | | separates the outer ear from the | welcomed and appreciated. | | middle and inner ear. | Bringing handkerchief or a face | | | cover helps save lives. This has | | | been proven by the pandemic | | | experienced by the world today. | | | | | | **PROPER HYGIENE SUPPORT | | | ACTIVITIES** | | | | | | **21. Eat a balanced diet, | | | exercise, and get a good sleep.** | | | You must not only consider | | | routine activities related to | | | observing proper hygiene and good | | | grooming. It is important to | | | always put in mind that eating a | | | well-balanced diet is also | | | essential to remain healthy. When | | | you are healthy, you get to look | | | better and present yourself more | | | confidently. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+