Handout - Benefits of an effective OSH policy - Copy PDF

Benefits of an effective OSH Management system and an OSH policy  Work related accident Work as a technician Work as a part time worker with different mechanical equipment’s...

Benefits of an effective OSH Management system and an OSH policy  Work related accident Work as a technician Work as a part time worker with different mechanical equipment’s While doing a grinding work Grinder has skipped Cutting the hand Damaging the right hand small figure bone Presentation title 2  MSDS Making paper baskets as an entrepreneur Seated in awkward postures For long hours Neck pain neglected Treating for musculoskeletal disorder Presentation title 3 Presentation title 4 Presentation title 5  Age group 21-43 Lack of awareness Lack of training Lack of supervision Mechanical errors Unsafe environment Presentation title 6 Presentation title 7 Presentation title 8 Presentation title 9 Presentation title 10 Presentation title 11 Presentation title 12 Presentation title 13  Different causes for accidents Age Experience Lack of awareness Causes Education Work place conditions Machinery etc… Presentation title 14  Causes Personal/ Work place behavioral Work Work environmental Employer Employee organizational issues Presentation title 15  Management styles Work organizational Resources issues Organizational cultures Presentation title 16 Presentation title 17 Presentation title 18  com Presentation title 19  Work environmental Hazards issues Risks Presentation title 20 Presentation title 21 Presentation title 22  Hazard identification strategies Presentation title 23 Presentation title 24 Presentation title 25 Presentation title 26 Presentation title 27 Presentation title 28  An Empirical Analysis on Labor Unions and Occupational Safety and Health Committees' Activity, and Their The workplace OIIR of Relation to the Changes in workplaces will be reduced Occupational Injury and Illness Rate when workers and employers Kwan-Hyung Yi, Hm-Hak Cho, Jiyun Kim join forces and recognize that Published in Safety and Health at Work 1 December 2011 Business the safety and health activities of the workplace are necessary, not only for securing the health rights of the workers, but also for raising labor productivity. Presentation title 29 Presentation title 30 LESSONS LEARNTD - Occurrence of Occupational Accidents vs Number of OSH Personnel Trained- Malaysia 80000 80000 1 94 71 75386 73765 70000 70000 2 97 68579 59 67163 63423 60000 60000 57589 4 8 50000 50000 14 52304 53 12 41 41 40000 40000 43885 40617 9 38657 35947 28 4 30000 30000 95 9 20 9 49 43 17 9 16 08 20000 20000 13 88 96 88 60 10000 10000 0 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Industrial Accident NIOSH Trained OSH turning points and the number of work-related fatalities, 1953- 2007: Japan Qun & Kawakami (ed.) 2009  Strategies to link all these principals Presentation title 34 Presentation title 35  Benefits of OSH policy Prioritizing OHS at your business has several key benefits, including: Reduced risk or accidents or injuries by identifying and mitigating hazards. Improved efficiency and productivity due to fewer employees missing work from illness or injury. Presentation title 36  10 benefits of an occupational health and safety management system Identify workplace hazards and implement controls.... Monitor performance.... Demonstrates legal compliance.... Improved productivity.... Reduction in employee absenteeism.... Lower insurance premiums.... Helping with system integration.... Boost in reputation. Presentation title 37  What is the importance of occupational health and safety policies? The primary purpose of occupational health and safety programs is to create a safe and a healthy work environment. When companies implement OHS standards, it allows workers to perform their roles in a safer and more secure environment, free from any major hazards. Presentation title 38  What is the advantage of safety policy? The obvious benefit of a workplace safety system is reducing risks to your employee's health and well-being. A well-designed program keeps your staff safe while protecting your equipment, resources, and customers as well. When you address concerns before they become hazards, your team remains safe from harm. Presentation title 39 Presentation title 40 Presentation title 41 Presentation title 42 Presentation title 43 Presentation title 44 Presentation title 45  Hazard identification Why do we need to do the hazard identifications? 1. To reduce the risk by identifying hazards systematically Some hazards are obvious, e.g., worn-out electrical cords, Poor air quality in confined spaces, Constructions - rough weather during maintenance work on deck. They are easy to grasp and consider when assessing the risks of a job.  Hazard identification as a first step of risk identification Steps of hazard identification - observing the actual workplace and surroundings, - thinking each step of the job - assessing the conditions of the team members and the situation. This makes hazard identification an essential supporting tool for the risk management process. It is done in the preparation phase, as the first step in making a risk assessment. For every hazard you identified, there is an associated risk.  Process of hazard identification Walk through survey Identify the hazards Identification Observations, interviews review documents – need to develop a hazard identification check list Take related measurements Evaluation Check with standards & evaluate Assess the risk & prioritize Risk assessment Propose controls & controls Presentation title 50  Safety officers can use template during walkthroughs ( Hazard inspection) to easily document potential hazards in the facility. – hazard identification check list Maximize the use of this template by following these points: 1) Identify potential hazards, provide a description, and determine the risk rating depending on the hazard’s severity; 2) Take or attach a photo of the hazard (if possible); 3) Add notes or comments where necessary; 4) Assign corrective actions to appropriate personnel, set priority level, and indicate the due date; and 5) Provide additional comments and sign off with a digital signature Presentation title 51  Check list to identify the hazards Type of hazard Description of the Activities going on Risk Out come hazard with personal Presentation title 53 Presentation title 54  Both are important for the wellbeing of the employees and the business improvements Presentation title 55  NIOSE AS AN EXAMPLE Presentation title 57  Sound What is sound? When a drum is struck, the skin vibrates backwards and forwards very quickly, sending sound waves through the air to your ears. Sound is a series Sound waves travel as a series of of waves (sound compressions and waves) caused by rarefactions through the air. vibrations. They are longitudinal waves.  Noise Devices Noise Measurement SOUND LEVEL METER PERSONAL DOSIMETER IN-EAR Sound is measured immediately Sound “averaged” throughout DOSIMETER in a specific area day for sample Collects personal noise dose – employee/job the only real measure of risk  Hierarchy of Controls ENGINEERING CONTROLS Buy Quiet ADMINISTRATIVE Vibration Pads CONTROLS Enclosures Rotate Workers Barriers Extended Breaks Isolation PERSONAL 2nd / 3rd Shift PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Presentation title 62 Presentation title 66 Presentation title 67 Presentation title 68 Presentation title 69 Presentation title 70 Presentation title 71 Presentation title 72 Presentation title 73 Presentation title 74 Presentation title 75 Presentation title 76 Presentation title 77 Presentation title 78 Presentation title 79 Presentation title 80 Presentation title 81 Presentation title 82 Presentation title 83 Presentation title 84 Presentation title 85 Presentation title 86 Presentation title 87 Presentation title 88 Presentation title 89 Presentation title 90 Presentation title 91 Presentation title 92 Presentation title 93  Context for the next session Physical hazards in industry, evaluation methods, and control - Noise - Temperature - Vibration Presentation title 94  Types of physical hazards NIOSE VIBRATION LIGHT TEMPRATURE RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL INDUSTRIAL NOISE AS A PHYSICAL HAZARDS Sound What is sound ? Sound What is Sound ? Sound is a series of waves (sound waves) caused by vibrations. Sound What is sound ? When a drum is struck, the skin vibrates backwards and forwards very quickly, sending sound waves through the air to your ears. Sound is a series of waves (sound waves) caused by vibrations.  Sound What is sound? When a drum is struck, the skin vibrates backwards and forwards very quickly, sending sound waves through the air to your ears. Sound is a series Sound waves travel as a series of of waves (sound compressions and waves) caused by rarefactions through the air. vibrations. They are longitudinal waves. Sound Waves Sound Waves Sound waves are longitudinal waves. Longitudinal Waves Sound Waves Sound waves need a medium (material) to travel through – they cannot travel through a vacuum (empty space) Sound Waves Sound waves can travel through solids, liquids and gases. Speed of Sound Sound travels at 330 metres per second (330m/s), or 760 mph. Speed of Sound Lightning travels Sound travels much faster than the at 330 metres sound of thunder. per second A 3 second gap between the flash of lightning and the sound of thunder (330m/s), or means that the storm is about a 760 mph. kilometre away.  Speed of Sound Lightning travels Sound travels much faster than the at 330 metres sound of thunder. per second A 3 second gap between the flash of lightning and the sound of thunder (330m/s), or means that the storm is about a 760 mph. kilometre away. The Speed of Sound: Depends upon the temperature of the air. Sound travels faster through hot air than through cold air. Speed of Sound Lightning travels Sound travels much faster than the at 330 metres sound of thunder. per second A 3 second gap between the flash of lightning and the sound of thunder (330m/s), or means that the storm is about a 760 mph. kilometre away. The Speed of Sound: Is different through different materials. Eg. Fastest through solids, then liquids, then gases. Air (dry) at 0oC = 330m/s, water at 0oC = 1400m/s, concrete = 5000m/s Will sound travel faster through a solid, liquid or gas? Will sound travel faster through a solid, liquid or gas? Sound travels faster through a solid because the particles are more densely packed together. Will sound travel faster through a solid, liquid or gas? Concrete = 5000m/s, Water at 0oC = 1400m/s, Air (dry) at 0oC = 330m/s Sound travels faster through a solid because the particles are more densely packed together. An echo is a reflected sound wave.  Echoes used for Navigation http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Sediment_echo-sounder_hg.png http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTEXE69fb2tuPrdyYueSCyth-H50qJnIrTHotjwrWXDexSMKMt6-g A boat sends out a sound wave so that the captain can calculate the depth of water. The captain knows that the speed of sound in water is 1500 m/s Distance = speed x time A boat sends out a sound wave so that the captain can calculate the depth of water. The captain knows that the speed of sound in water is 1500 m/s Distance = speed x time But don’t forget that the sound has travelled there and back so we will need to divide our answer by two to get the depth. Using sound Sonar Radar Used to detect objects Used to detect objects in under water, eg. air, eg. aircraft. submarines Israeli military radar is typical of the type of radar used for air traffic control. The antenna rotates at a steady rate, sweeping the local airspace with a narrow vertical fan-shaped beam, to detect aircraft at all altitudes. Properties of Sound Amplitude power Period Intensity Frequency Pressure Speed Wavelength Properties of Sound (cont) Amplitude y Amplitude Time Period, T For a simple sine wave it is easy Properties of Sound (cont) Period (T) is the time it takes to complete one full cycle Frequency (f) is the number of times per second a complete wave passes a point. The number of cycles per second is termed Hertz (Hz). The period and the frequency are simply related by the following equation T = 1/f (seconds) Properties of Sound (cont) Frequency Wavelength 100 Hz 3.44 m 1000 Hz 0.34 m 1,000 Hz 34.4 mm 10,000 Hz 3.4mm Wavelength in air at standard atmospheric conditions Power Sound power is defined as the total sound energy generated by the source per unit of time. Sound power is expressed in units of watts (W). Power and Intensity Pitch (or frequency) A high pitch sound A low pitch sound. The shorter the wavelength of the wave on the trace; the higher the frequency of the sound. The more waves you can see, the higher the pitch/frequency.  High Frequency Sounds of Speech How We Hear TH S CH F P K SH H T Loudness A quiet sound A loud sound The larger the amplitude of the wave on the trace; the louder the sound. The bigger the waves you can see, the louder the sound.  Normal Hearing is Understandable LOUDNESS LOUDNESS  How We Hear NIHL Lacks Clarity  So what is our range of hearing?  So what is our range of hearing? Humans Max 20,000 Hz Min 20 Hz  So what is our range of hearing? Bat Max 120,000 Hz Min 1,000 Hz  So what is our range of hearing? Dolphin Max 150,000 Hz Min 150 Hz  So what is our range of hearing? Dog Max 50,000 Hz Min 15 Hz  So what is our range of hearing? Cat Max 65,000 Hz Min 60 Hz  So what is our range of hearing? Ultrasonic cat scarer (20kHz – 30kHz Our hearing covers a surprisingly wide range of sound pressures. The decibel (dB) scale makes the numbers manageable. The Human Audible Range of Hearing & Loudness The nominal range in human hearing is 20 Hz up to 20,000 Hz. Sound at higher frequencies is called Ultrasound Sound at lower frequencies is called Infrasound Ultrasound Ultrasound is any sound above the range of human hearing (i.e. above 20,000Hz)  Ultrasound Ultrasound is any sound above the range of human Uses hearing (i.e. above 20,000Hz) 1. Industrial cleaning – eg. of circuit boards and teeth.  Ultrasound Ultrasound is any sound above the range of human Uses hearing (i.e. above 20,000Hz) 1. Industrial cleaning – eg. of circuit boards and teeth. 2. Breaking down kidney stones.  Ultrasound Ultrasound is any sound above the range of human Uses hearing (i.e. above 20,000Hz) 3. Industrial quality control.- eg. Detecting cracks in a metal.  Ultrasound Ultrasound is any sound above the range of human Uses hearing (i.e. above 20,000Hz) 4. Pre-natal scanning of a foetus 3. Industrial quality control.- eg. Detecting cracks in a metal.  Ultrasound Ultrasound is any sound above the range of human Uses hearing (i.e. above 20,000Hz) 4. Pre-natal scanning of a foetus 3. Industrial quality control.- eg. Detecting 5. Range and cracks in a metal. direction finding - SONAR  Noise – Unwanted sound – unpleasant to hear Hazardous noise exposures occur On the Job Off the Job  Noise Non-Occupational Occupational How We Hear  How We Hear The Auditory System Chem/Elec Acoustical Hydraulic Mechanical Central Auditory Pathway Once sound passes through the peripheral auditory structures it has changed from vibratory energy to electrical stimulation and moves through the brainstem to the primary auditory cortex located on the temporal lobe of the brain. Normal Hearing: Propagation of Sound through the Ear A schematic representation: As the stapes footplate moves inward, the fluid in the inner ear is displaced creating the basilar membrane to move in a wave-like motion Inner Ear This electron micrograph shows the organ of Corti within the inner ear  Outer Hair Cells Scanning electron microscopy shows the stair-step pattern of stereocilia. Fluorescence microscopy image.  Hearing + Frequencies How We Hear Nerve cells in the cochlea are tuned to specific frequencies Base of the cochlea is sensitive to high frequency sounds (red dots) Tip of the cochlea is sensitive to low frequency sounds (green dots)  How The We Cochlea Human Hear 17-year old girl 76-year old man 59-year old man Low noise exposure Low noise exposure High noise exposure Normal cochlea Fewer receptors but still Damaged cochlea Receptors intact intact Receptors destroyed more than half (53.8%) of these fishermen have been diagnosed with hearing impairment. Fatigue - incidents  Noise + Acoustics Noise-induced hearing loss is the most common permanent and preventable occupational injury in the world. World Health Organization  Noise Noise-Induced Hearing Loss Causes no pain Causes no visible trauma Leaves no visible scars Is unnoticeable in its earliest stages Accumulates with each overexposure Takes years to notice a change Is Permanent + 100% Preventable  Noise + Acoustics If you must SHOUT to be understood over background noise… …when standing one arm-length away from another person, that background noise is HAZARDOUS.  Noise + Acoustics Do jets, stereos, my neighbor’s dog, air conditioner or mobile phones cause NIHL? To damage hearing, noise must be of sufficient intensity and duration Annoyance noises generally do not have the same intensity or duration to cause damage  The decibel (dB) scale is a logarithmic scale, not a linear scale Noise 83 If the noise source is doubled 86 The noise level only goes up 3 dB 92 89 Represent enormous increases in Small increases noise level and risk in decibel level  NoiseAverage Time Weighted 85 Permissible Exposure Limits  Noise + Acoustics Time Weighted Average 4 90 Permissible Exposure Limits  NoiseAverage Time Weighted 82 12 Permissible Exposure Limits  Noise Program Hearing Conservation Permissible Exposure Limit – 85dB Hearing ▪ Hearing protectors required Conservation Program implemented Hearing protectors made available Annual audiometric testing & training dB TWA  Noise Overprotection/Underprotection 20-25% workers exposed between 80- 90 dB will still get NIHL. While HPD use is mandatory at 90 dB, you should protect to at least 85 dB. Avoid overprotection – protected levels below 65-70 dB can create additional safety risk.