H9 Unit 2 Slides (24-25, Student Copy) PDF

Unit 2: Humans Settle Down & The Agricultural Revolution Around 10,000-11,000 Years Ago History 9 | Sayre School | Dr. Foster  Major Questions: What factors contributed to the emergence of the 1 earliest settled communities? Textbook Pages: 27-35 What were the major...

Unit 2: Humans Settle Down & The Agricultural Revolution Around 10,000-11,000 Years Ago History 9 | Sayre School | Dr. Foster  Major Questions: What factors contributed to the emergence of the 1 earliest settled communities? Textbook Pages: 27-35 What were the major characteristics of the first 2 transitions to agriculture around the world? Textbook Pages: 35-47 What were the main effects of the transition to 3 agriculture on human life and culture? Textbook Pages: 47-54  Start of Class Task ❏ Place your phones in the holder (or off in bag). ❏ Make sure that you’ve submitted your Formative from Monday’s class (during my absence).  From the Paleolithic Era to Neolithic Era Paleolithic Era Neolithic Era (Up to About 12,000 years ago) (About 12,000 years ago to about 2,000 BCE) Old Stone Tools New Stone Tools Age of Nomadic Hunter-Gatherers (AKA First Settlements Foraging). Communities are small (25-50 (Still Nomads, Just Not As Many) People). Formation of Farming Communities Thanks Always on the move – never settling for long to the Agricultural Revolution Example of Sedentary Civilization: Göbekli Tepe Example of Sedentary Civilization: Göbekli Tepe  Webquest ❏ Use your computers & access the assignment called “Webquest: Gobekli Tepe” on Blackbaud. ❏ On your own, please search the internet looking for answer to the questions on the worksheet. Submit it to Dr. Foster by the end of class. ❏ Homework: Bring a posterboard on Thursday (you can store it in my room between now and then)  Earth’s Wild Climate During the Paleolithic Period Retreating Ice Defrosting (26-20,000 Yrs Ago) Benefit: Food & New Habitats The Younger Dryas 10,00-9700 BCE Brutal Cold/Dry Spell Wiped out humans/animals plants Pay careful attention to where the Younger Dryas (YDB) impacted the world the most. Welcome To The Holocene! The Current “Epoch” Spanning Between: The Younger Dryas & Modern Day *Epoch: the beginning of a distinctive period in the history of something. Welcome To The Holocene! A period of Climate Stability Meaning it doesn’t get too hot and it doesn’t get too cold. It’s THIS stability that allowed humans to settle down & form Notice the stability at about 10,000 years ago – this is when people are “Sedentary Societies” really settling down & farming  Sedentary Societies – The First Permanent Settlements What We Had: Nomadic Societies Groups moving place to place Movement caused by weather, food, enemies, etc. Climate Stability Allowed Sedentism People living in one place Building permanent dwellings Don’t frequently move Pre-Agricultural (No Farming Yet) Some were “Semi-Sedentary”  #1: Ukrainian Mammoth Hunters Example of Semi-Sedentary & Example from Central Europe / Eurasia Sedentary Societies Earliest example of semi-sedentary life. While they often settled in one place, they would move WITH the mammoth. Mammoths provided food, leather, and clothes. Mammoth bones/skin created shelters (like construction timber). Example of a “Mammoth Tusk Hut” found by archeologists in Ukraine.  #2: Magdalenian Culture Example of Semi-Sedentary & A European example. Sedentary Societies Another example of semi-sedentary life. Sites found in France, Portugal, Poland, and throughout Europe. Used reindeer in the same way as the Ukrainian Mammoth Hunters. Left behind prehistoric art as “cave art” Magdalenian cave art in Lascaux, France. You can clearly see deer,  #3: Göbekli Tepe Example of Semi-Sedentary & A middle-eastern example Sedentary Societies First semi-sedentary example of a religious site – it includes a large stone temple. Quarried blocks of stone, carved with animals. Shows people could substantially organize themselves. Image of the “temple” at Göbekli Tepe. 95% remains buried, so there’s  #5: Jomon Culture Example of Semi-Sedentary & An example from Asia Sedentary Societies Semi-sedentary & Full sedentary. Located in Japan where fish and plants are plentiful. A first inventor of pottery. Evidence of canoes and shoes. Lived in houses built into the ground. Jomon pottery found in an excavated site in Japan. They had to do all of this by hand.  #6: Salmon Settlements Example of Semi-Sedentary & A sedentary example from North America. Sedentary Societies Consistent supply of salmon could supply a year’s food supply. Earliest to salt and preserve food. Jomon pottery found in an excavated site in Japan. They had to do all of this by hand.  Example of Semi-Sedentary & Sedentary Societies Q. What do sedentary and/or semi-sedentary societies have in common? They settled in locations with access to a relatively stable supply of food.  The Importance of Domestication Domestication & Symbiosis Domestication The process of taming/cultivating something wild to assist humans. Symbiosis A close, prolonged association between two or more different species where both benefit from the interaction.  The Importance of Domestication Domestication & Symbiosis Humans domesticated plants & animals by genetically modifying species to benefit us. Through symbiosis, we kept plants and animals alive with the understanding that they served us. It’s a two-way relationship.  The Importance of Domestication Domestication & Symbiosis Example#1: Dogs! Likely from Eurasia A part of settled communities 15,000 years ago Dogs help with hunting & security Humans feed & keep dogs alive  The Importance of Domestication Domestication & Symbiosis Example #1: Dogs! Example #2: Grass Wheat, barley, rye, rice, and maize are favored by humans. Soon, we learn to gather, store, and plant the seeds from these grasses.  What was the Neolithic Revolution? The transition from hunter-gatherer societies to agriculture and permanent settlements (around 10,000 BCE). Began In The Fertile Crescent ❏ AKA “Mesopotamia” ❏ “Land Between the Rivers” of Tigris & Euphrates Began around 10,000 BCE 24