Applications of Genetic Engineering PDF

APPLICATIONS OF GENETIC ENGINEERING Group 4  LESSON OUTLINE 1 Applications in Medicine 2 Agricultural Applications 3 Industrial Applications  INTRODUCTION Genetic Engineering, also known as genetic modification, is a scientific technique that involves altering the DN...

APPLICATIONS OF GENETIC ENGINEERING Group 4  LESSON OUTLINE 1 Applications in Medicine 2 Agricultural Applications 3 Industrial Applications  INTRODUCTION Genetic Engineering, also known as genetic modification, is a scientific technique that involves altering the DNA of an organism to achieve desired traits or eliminate undesirable ones. BRIEF HISTORY The term "genetic engineering" was coined by the Russian-born geneticist Nikolay Timofeev-Ressovsky in his 1934 paper "The Experimental Production of Mutations", published in the British journal Biological Reviews. However, science fiction author Jack Williamson also used the term in his 1951 novel Dragon's Island. In 1973, the first GMO was a bacterium generated by Herbert Boyer and Stanley  Applications in Medicine Gene Therapy Drug Production Disease Diagnosis GENE THERAPY  DRUG PRODUCTION EXAMPLES Insulin Growth Hormones Vaccines Monoclonal Antibodies Heparins Allergens  DISEASE DIAGNOSIS GENETIC MODIFICATION Genetic testing allows us to identify disease- causing mutations at the DNA level, revealing the underlying cause of conditions that might otherwise remain mysterious or misdiagnosed. AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS Improved crop yields Sustainable Agriculture Animal Biotechnology IMPROVED CROP YIELDS  ENHANCED NUTRITIONAL VALUE Genetic modification processes can provide many benefits, from improving the quality and quantity of crops grown to helping cure genetic diseases. Scientists genetically modified golden rice by introducing genes responsible for beta-carotene production, enhancing its nutritional value to combat vitamin A deficiency. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE EXAMPLES More food, less land. Reduced greenhouse emissions. Sustainable practices.  ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLO GY  INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS Genetic engineering utilizes various molecular biological techniques for the modification of genetic material and synthetic genomics, where whole chromosomes and genomes are chemically synthesized to replace their natural counterparts. PRIMARY EXAMPLES Microorganism Transformation Bioremediation Biodegradable plastics Industrial Enzymes  MICROORGANISM TRANSFORMATION In industrial applications, genetic engineering of microorganisms primarily uses the "transformation" process to introduce a desired gene into a microbial cell, allowing the organism to produce a specific protein or perform a specific function for commercial purposes, such as manufacturing pharmaceuticals, biofuels, or cleaning up pollutants; this is achieved by inserting a foreign DNA fragment into the microbe's genome, which then expresses that gene to create the desired product.  BIOREMEDIATIO N Bioremediation is a sustainable process that uses genetically modified organisms to break down contaminants in the environment. It's used in the genetic engineering industry to  BIODEGRADABLE PLASTICS HOW? PROCESS Genetic engineering produces biodegradable plastics by modifying the genes of plants and bacteria to produce bioplastic polymers. These polymers can then be used to make biodegradable plastic products. INDUSTRIAL Genetic engineering is ENZYMES used to create enzymes with desired properties for industrial applications. These enzymes can be used in food production, textiles, biofuel  SUMMARY M E D I C A L AGRICULTURAL A P P L I C AT I O Ngenetic Gene Therapy: Treating S APPLICATIONS Increased Crop Yields: Developing crops disorders by replacing faulty with higher yields, pest and disease genes. resistance, and improved stress tolerance. Drug Development: Producing Sustainable Practices: Reducing medicines like insulin and reliance on pesticides and improving resource efficiency. vaccines using genetically Animal biotechnology has the potential modified organisms. to revolutionize animal agriculture, Diagnostics: Creating more leading to increased productivity, accurate and sensitive disease improved product quality, and reduced environmental impact. tests.  SUMMARY INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS Microorganism Transformation: Genetically modifying microorganisms like bacteria to produce valuable substances. Bioremediation: Utilizing genetically engineered organisms to clean up environmental contamination. Biodegradable Plastics: Developing plastics made from biological sources that can be broken down by microorganisms. Industrial Enzymes: Producing enzymes for various industrial processes, like food production.