GROUP_4_BSCPE211_The Katipunan's Cry.pptx
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The Katipunan’ s Cry FOUR PICTURES ONE WORD _E______ _ FOUR PICTURES ONE WORD _______D__ __ FOUR PICTURES ONE WORD ________ _ Summary The Philippine Revolution began against over three ce...
The Katipunan’ s Cry FOUR PICTURES ONE WORD _E______ _ FOUR PICTURES ONE WORD _______D__ __ FOUR PICTURES ONE WORD ________ _ Summary The Philippine Revolution began against over three centuries of Spanish control, led by Andrés Bonifacio, head of the Katipunan. The Katipunan sought autonomy from Spanish colonial rule and was related to José Rizal’s La Liga Filipina, which aimed for political reform. After years without constitutional changes, Bonifacio and others lost hope in achieving peaceful reform through La Liga Filipina. José Rizal was executed on December 30, raising concerns and prompting many Katipunan members to flee Manila due to the threat of capture. Bonifacio and others escaped to Pugadlawin, where he urged his followers to tear their cedulas (residence certificates) as a sign of rebellion against Spanish rule. This act led to the rallying cry, “Long live the Philippines,” known as the Cry of Pugadlawin. Summary The Katipuneros, equipped mostly with bolo knives and few firearms, planned an assault on Manila after gathering support from surrounding towns. By early the next morning, Bonifacio's forces had grown to around 400 Katipuneros after successful encounters with local guards.The revolutionaries initiated an attack on El Polvorin, a Spanish garrison in San Juan del Monte, facing well- armed Spanish infantry. VIEW POINTS AND ACCOUNTS CONTROVER SY According to the book of Zaide (1990), "Documentary Sources of Philippine History", there are different accounts to consider in finding out the exact date and place of the said Cry. These include the accounts of: Pio Valenzuela's controversial "Cry of Pugad Lawin" Santiago Alvarez's "The Cry of Bahay Toro" Gregoria de Jesus' version of the "First Cry“ Guillermo Masangkay's "The Cry of Balintawak“ The Guardia Civil's Report on the "Cry of Balintawak” Don Vicente Samson Account of Pio Valenzuela (August 23, 1896) On August 19, 1896, Andres and Procopio Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, Emilio Jacinto, and Aguedo del Rosario arrived at Apolonio Samson’s house in Kangkong. Apolonio Samson himself arrived the following day, August 20, 1896. On August 22, 1896, 500 Katipunan members gathered at Apolonio Samson’s house and yard in Kangkong. During this meeting, no resolutions were debated or adopted; it primarily served as an exchange of views. On August 23, 1896, 1,000 Katipunan members debated whether to start the revolution against Spanish rule on August 29, 1896. The meeting was held at the house of Juan Ramos, the son of Melchora Aquino. After the discussion, the members tore their cedulas and proclaimed, “Long live the Philippines!” Account of Santiago Alvarez (August 24, 1896) On August 23, 1896 (Sunday), approximately 500 members arrived at Melchora Aquino’s barn in Sampaukan, barrio of Bahay-Toro as early as 10:00 AM. On August 24, 1896 (Monday), 1,000 Katipuneros gathered at the same location. “Supremo” Andres Bonifacio convened a meeting inside the barn that began at 10:00 AM. By noon, the meeting was adjourned, and loud cries of “Long live the Philippines!” were heard.members tore their cedulas and proclaimed, “Long live the Philippines!” Account of Gregoria de Jesus (August 25, 1896) She was with her parents in Caloocan and fled to Manila during the event. However, they quickly returned to Caloocan when news of the Katipunan's activities spread across the Philippines, leading to the arrest of some members. After a few days, the Katipuneros, including Andres Bonifacio, departed the town. According to her account, the first "Cry" occurred on August 25, 1896, near Caloocan. In her account, she learned through friends that she would be arrested by Spanish soldiers. At 11 PM, she left her home and secretly fled to the rice fields of La Loma, intending to return to Manila. Account of The Guardia Civil (August 25, 1896) On August 23, 1896, Bonifacio, accompanied by 200 members, went to the barrio of Balintanac (Balintawak). On August 24, 1896, they were attacked by the Guardia Civil on the outskirts of the barrio. On August 25, 1896, the Supreme Council held a meeting in Balintanac with 5,000 members in attendance. Discussions on their next move were held, with some members considering surrendering to Spanish authorities. Bonifacio strongly opposed this, and after a vote, his proposal was approved by the majority. Account of Guillermo Masangkay (August 26, 1896) On August 26, 1896, a meeting was held in Balintawak at the house of Apolonio Samson. The meeting began at about 9 AM, with Andres Bonifacio presiding and Emilio Jacinto serving as secretary. The main agenda was to discuss the timing of the uprising. Teodoro Plata, Briccio Pantas, and Pio Valenzuela opposed starting the revolution due to a lack of preparation. Sensing he might lose the argument, Bonifacio went outside to speak with the people waiting for the leaders' decision. Bonifacio encouraged the people to join him in starting the revolution, urging them to destroy their cedulas as a symbol of rejecting their oppression. Account of Guillermo Masangkay (August 26, 1896) The people responded by pulling out their cedulas and tearing them into pieces. Returning to the session hall, Bonifacio declared, "So now we have to start the uprising; otherwise, the people by hundreds will be shot." Outside, the crowd shouted, "Long Live the Philippine Republic!" At about 5 PM, guards stationed in trees monitored for intruders while the celebration of the decision to start the uprising took place. Account of Guillermo Masangkay (August 26, 1896) The people responded by pulling out their cedulas and tearing them into pieces. Returning to the session hall, Bonifacio declared, "So now we have to start the uprising; otherwise, the people by hundreds will be shot." Outside, the crowd shouted, "Long Live the Philippine Republic!" At about 5 PM, guards stationed in trees monitored for intruders while the celebration of the decision to start the uprising took place. Account of Don Vicente Samson (August 26, 1896) The Cry occurred on August 26, 1896. He clearly remembers the date, as he noted it himself. On the morning of August 26, discussions about the revolution became more intense and heated. Driven by curiosity, Samson frequently attended meetings where he heard plans about the uprising. His account aligns closely with Masangkay’s. It details the events starting from the morning of August 26, with Bonifacio leaving the meeting to persuade members to revolt. He recalls the Katipuneros tearing their cedulas into pieces and throwing them into a dry carabao mud-hole nearby. He firmly believes that the First Cry took place in Balintawak. Argument s and Evidence Argument #1 Guillermo Masangkay and Don Vicente Samson’s accounts can be considered as the exact Cry of the Philippine Revolution occurred on August 26, 1896, at Balintawak. These accounts provide specific dates and locations that align with the historical narrative of the revolution’s beginning. Soledad Borromeo-Buehler further supports this view in her book, “The Cry of Balintawak: A Contrived Controversy: A Textual Analysis with Appended Documents”. Her detailed analysis and documents confirms the August 26 date and Balintawak location, reinforcing Masangkay and Samson’s testimonies. Additionally, the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) recognized the Cry of Balintawak by placing a monument at the intersection of Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA) and Andres Bonifacio Drive-North Diversion Road on September 3, 1911, and this recognition persisted until 1962. Argument #2 From the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA), which states that government maps from 1956, 1987, and 1990 confirm Barangay Bahay Toro’s existence but do not define its boundaries. Importantly, Pugad Lawin does not appear on these maps and was not officially recognized as a location before World War II. This shows that Pugad Lawin was not an officially acknowledged place during the revolutionary period. Furthermore, historical tradition has long associated the revolution with Balintawak rather than Kalookan or Diliman, which aligns with the original accounts of the event. Argument #3 The ongoing argument about the Cry’s location is evidenced by Teodoro Agoncillo’s "The Revolt of the Masses" (1956), which redefined the Cry as the tearing of cedulas and recommend it occurred in Pugad Lawin, based on testimonies from Pío Valenzuela and others. This version led to a shift in official commemorations. In 1963, President Diosdado Macapagal ordered the official commemoration to be moved to Pugad Lawin, Quezon City, on August 23. This change was endorsed by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP), which now recognizes August 23, 1896, as the start of the Philippine Revolution, showing the settlement made in the historical narrative. Evidence #1 The place of Pugad lawin The inscription on the market at the site says that "In the vicinity of this place, Andres Bonifacio and about one thousand Katipuneros met on the morning of August 23, 1896 and decided to launch the revolution against the Spanish government in the Philippines. They affirmed their decision by tearing their cedulas, symbols of the enslavement of the Filipinos. This was the first cry of the oppressed against the Spanish nation, and was given force by means of arms. Some claimed that place of Pugad Lawin did not exist, but it does. Pugad Lawin was previously located in Barangay Bahay Toro in the province of Quezon, and it is now the Epifanio de los Santos Avenue(EDSA) in Quezon City, where the Pugad Lawin Shrine commemorates the historical rite of declaring independence from Spanish colonial rule over the Philippines. Evidence #2 Pio Valenzuela first and second version At the age of 23, Pio Valuenzuela y Alejandrino was a Filipino physician and revolutionary leader. He joined this secret organization in July 1892, when it was barely a week old and he was a medical student, and he became a close associate and friend of its founder, Andres Bonifacio,Pio Valenzuela, Katipunan's vice president, was present as an eyewitness during the incident. The contentious version of the "Cry of the Pugad Lawin" has been authorized by Dr. Pio Valenzuela, who was an eyewitness to the event. In his first version, he stated that the Cry's main staging point was in Balintawak on August 26, 1896. Later, in his Memoirs of the Revolution, he claimed that the event occurred on August 23, 1896, at Pugad Lawwalenzuela was interviewed by a Spanish investigator and he only wanted to cause confusion in order to avoid the troops of the Spanish government after Bonifacio or the Katipunan, a secret organization or society, was revealed by the Spanish. Evidence #3 Pagpapasya, pagpupunit, unang labanan The said event was divided into three major events that occurred at the time: the decision, the cry of rebellion or tearing the cedulas, and the revolution against the Spanish. 1. The situation in which the Katipuneros decide and discuss the steps to be taken ir order to meet the event. (pagpapasya) 2. Tearing the cedulas in the yard of Juan Ramos. (pagpupunit) 3. First encounter and major battle of the Philippine Revolution between Spanish civil guards and soldiers, and the Katipuneros. (unang labanan)Agoncillo was the leading historian of the time, and the 1896 revolution was one of his areas of expertise. The government's historical agency, then known as the National Heroe Commission, agreed in 1963 to drop the term "Cry of Balintawak" in favor of "Cry of Pugad Lawin." President Diosdado Macapagal formally declared the alleged anniversary of the "Cry of Pugad Lawin" to be a special public holiday in Quezon City where the event took place.
