Great Blood Vessels PDF

‫ميحرلا نمحرلا هللا‬ ‫بسم‬ Great blood vessels Dr. Sara Yousif Altered  Aorta The aorta is the main arterial trunk that delivers oxygenated blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the tissues of the body. It is divided into the following parts: – Ascending...

‫ميحرلا نمحرلا هللا‬ ‫بسم‬ Great blood vessels Dr. Sara Yousif Altered  Aorta The aorta is the main arterial trunk that delivers oxygenated blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the tissues of the body. It is divided into the following parts: – Ascending aorta, – Arch of the aorta, – Descending thoracic aorta, – Abdominal aorta.  Ascending Aorta Beginning: The ascending aorta begins at the base of the left ventricle and runs upward and forward Termination: behind the right half of the sternum at the level of the sternal angle where it becomes continuous with the arch of the aorta. The sinuses of the aorta, three bulges at root of the ascending aorta one behind each aortic valve cusp. Branches of the ascending aorta: – The right coronary artery arises from the anterior aortic sinus. – The left coronary artery arises from the left posterior aortic sinus.  Arch of the Aorta The arch of the aorta is a continuation of the ascending aorta. It lies behind the manubrium sterni and arches upward, backward, and to the left in front of the trachea. It then passes downward to the left of the trachea and, at the level of the sternal angle, becomes continuous with the descending aorta. Branches: – The brachiocephalic artery: It divides into the right subclavian and right common carotid arteries. – The left common carotid artery. – The left subclavian artery.  Descending Thoracic Aorta The descending thoracic aorta lies in the posterior mediastinum Beginning: it begins as a continuation of the arch of the aorta opposite the sternal angle. It runs downward in the posterior mediastinum, inclining forward and medially to reach the anterior surface of the vertebral column. Termination: At the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra, it passes through the aortic opening of the diaphragm and becomes continuous with the abdominal aorta. Branches: – The Posterior intercostal arteries (from 3-11). – The Subcostal arteries. – The Pericardial, esophageal, and bronchial arteries.  Large Veins Brachiocephalic Veins: The right brachiocephalic vein is formed at the root of the neck by the union of the right subclavian and the right internal jugular veins. The left brachiocephalic vein has a similar origin. It passes obliquely downward and to the right behind the manubrium sterni and in front of the large branches of the aortic arch. The right brachiocephalic joins the left brachiocephalic vein to form the superior vena cava.  Superior Vena Cava The superior vena cava contains all the venous blood from the head and neck and both upper limbs It is formed by the union of the two brachiocephalic veins. It passes downward to end in the right atrium of the heart. The vena azygos joins the posterior aspect of the superior vena cava just before it enters the pericardium.  Inferior Vena Cava Beginning: it begins as the left and right common iliac veins which join together at about the level of L5 The inferior vena cava pierces the central tendon of the diaphragm opposite the eighth thoracic vertebra and almost immediately enters the lowest part of the right atrium  Pulmonary Veins Two pulmonary veins leave each lung carrying oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart Arterial supply of Heart  Right Coronary Artery Arises from anterior aortic sinus of the Ascending Aorta. It descends in the right atrioventricular groove. Anastomose with left coronary artery in the posterior interventricular groove. Right Coronary Artery  Branches of Right Coronary Artery  conus artery: Supplies infundibulum and anterior wall (upper part) of right ventricle.  Right marginal branch is the largest and reaches up to the Apex. Sinuatrial Nodal branch (60%)  Branches of Right Coronary Artery  Posterior interventricular (descending) artery Runs towards apex in the posterior interventricular groove. it gives off branches to right & left ventricles, including its inferior wall. Supply posterior part of the ventricular septum (Excluding Apex). Large septal branch Supply Atrioventricular Node. Right Coronary Artery  Left Coronary Artery Larger than Right coronary artery. Arises from posterior aortic sinus of the Ascending Aorta. Passes between pulmonary trunk and left auricle. It enters in the atrioventricular groove and divides into an anterior interventricular branch and a circumflex branch. Supply greater part of the left Atrium, left ventricle and ventricular septum.  Branches of Left Coronary Artery  Anterior interventricular (descending) artery: Runs in the anterior interventricular groove to the Apex. Passes around the Apex to enter the posterior interventricular groove & anastomoses with the terminal branches of Right coronary artery. Supply right and left ventricles & anterior part of ventricular septum.  Diagonal branch and left conus artery are its branches.  Left marginal branch Left Coronary Artery Veins dringe of Heart