Gr 12A2 Social History - Saudi State Establishment PPT

UNIT 2 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE FIRST SAUDI STATE GOVERNANCE  The First Saudi Government was based on the Oneness of Allah (Tawheed) and Shari’a Implementation.  Thus the issues of its government was being run with close cooperation of Sh.Muhammad Abdul-Wahhab by Al-Saud rulers.  In t...

UNIT 2 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE FIRST SAUDI STATE GOVERNANCE  The First Saudi Government was based on the Oneness of Allah (Tawheed) and Shari’a Implementation.  Thus the issues of its government was being run with close cooperation of Sh.Muhammad Abdul-Wahhab by Al-Saud rulers.  In the wake of Riyadh Conquest in 1187 H, Sh. Muhammad stepped down from his Financial Ministry position to be replaced by Imam Abdul-Aziz Bin Muhammad.  However, Sheikh remained as the highest reliable consulting authority of the Saudi Government in its essential state matters.  A ruler of the First Saudi Government was being titled as AMIR; but when the territory of state expanded, he started to be called “IMAM”.  The crown prince rank was being reserved for the eldest son during his father’s reign as a result the army leadership was being put in his command.  With the expansion of the State, a governor was appointed to every district.  He was responsible to implement Sharia’ah among its residents, assist in collecting Zakah and make necessary military preparation in order to defend the country territories or, if need be, invade others specially those regions in the proximity of his district.  Thus he was considered the General Army Staff Commander of the State. 2 MILITARY LEADERSHIP  The First Saudi Government launched on the principles of Jihad in order to spread the Da’wa teachings.  Within a year a number of battles was fought, at times to spread the Da’wa and at some other times to defend it.  The State did not recruit regular soldiers except those who were the special guards of Amir.  The government was informing the governors of districts or the chiefs of tribes to conscript certain number of fighters for the Amir and it specify the time and place when and where they should be gathered.  But this was not the only way of recruiting fighters.  There were also other fighters who were joining the Saudi Army voluntarily in search of Jihad blessings or booty of wars.  Some soldiers were also serving in protecting the Fortress of the Army in turns.  The Amir of The State was usually in charge of the army leadership or he appointed his sons or some prominent figures of districts. 3 MILITARY LEADERSHIP The following were the most famous commanders of the First Saudi Government army: 1. Hijaylan Bin Hamad, the ruler of Qasim 2. Abdul-Wahhab Abu Nuqtah, the ruler of Aseer 3. Suleiman Bin Ifaysan, the ruler of Kharj 4. Othman Al-Madhayfi, the Chief of Adwan tribe, 5. Mutlaq Matayri, the ruler of Baraymi 4 ECONOMY AFFAIRS  The Economic system of the First Saudi Government was very similar to the system adopted by Islamic governments during the beginning of Islam.  The major sources of the government income were: a/Zakah b/War loot.  On the other hand, the biggest expenses of the government were allocated to run its state activities, pay salaries for its governors, judges and Zakah collectors, reward teachers and their disciples and support the poor and the victims of disasters.  The sources of income were more than the sectors of expenses specially in the reign of Imam Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz.  At the beginning, Sheikh Muhammad was overseeing the financial issues of the state.  But when the state expanded Amir Abdul-Aziz Bin Muhammad assumed his position.  Finally it was added to the responsibilities of the Amir of the government. 5 EDUCATION AND SCHOLARS  The First Saudi had exerted a lot of efforts in education.  Thus the education activities that stressed on Islamic knowledge like Tawheed, Tafseer, Hadeth, Fiqh and Sira (biography) of the Prophet developed so much.  Tawheed had the lion share of it.  However though the scholars taught the Arabic language very well and wrote in a proper way in the language usage, there was not an enormous art development that can paired with the tremendous Islamic knowledge development achieved.  In such period, some remarkable disciples of Sh. Muhammad Abdul-Wahhab happened to be known as knowledgeable scholars of the time in addition to himself.  Abdul-Allah Bin Sheikh, Hussein Bin Sheikh (both of them were his sons),Suleiman Bin Abdul- Allah , his grandson, Abdul-Aziz Bin Hussein, Abdul-Rahman Bin Nami and Hamad Bin Maemar were some of them. 6 thank you