Global Politics Final Exam PDF

What are 3 major differences/changes in the global economy between the years 1990 and 2000? Globalization - Integration of international markets, specifically a sure in world merchandise exports - Increase in international capital flows as ratio of assets owned by foreign residents doub...

What are 3 major differences/changes in the global economy between the years 1990 and 2000? Globalization - Integration of international markets, specifically a sure in world merchandise exports - Increase in international capital flows as ratio of assets owned by foreign residents doubled in GDP Technological Advancements - Rapid technological process in information and communication technology - Widespread adoption of internet and the advancement of computing power revolutionized business corporations - Technological Boom Emergence of New Econ Powers - Emerging markets specifically in Asia (China, India) due their rapid industrialization and economic reforms - Shifts to a diverse global economy, reducing the traditional economic powers (Europe, US) Explain 2 policies made in the Japanese model for economic growth? Industrial Policy - Jaanese government actively guided the economic development through industrial policy - Ministry of International Trade and Industry - Implemented policies to foster growth with specific regions such as steel, automobiles, and electronics - Focused on sectors with high-growth potential, modernization of industrial base, becoming a leader in global manufacturing Export Oriented Growth Strategy - Focused on producing high-quality, cost effective good to the global market - Included maintaining a weak yen to enhance export competitiveness and invest in advanced manufacturing technologies - Accumulation of foreign reserves and strengthening economy - Key factors of automobiles and electronics What are 3 reasons that people think the US is going to decline in power in the near future? Economic Struggles - high national debt, and rising interest payments, poses a risk to the financial stability and ability in investing into the economic future of the nation Polarization - increased political polarization with widening political divisons and social unrest have made it difficult to pass efficient and effective policies - Created concerns about the US’s ability to maintain unity both domestically and globally Globalization - Rise of powers, such as China, reshapes the international economic power and landscape - China’s rapidly growing economy and influence as a main rival of the US challenges their global influence Essay: Conflict (Military, Culture, Economic) is a part of the international system. Will it continue? Why or why not will conflict continue to affect our international system. If you think it will explain between who? Conflict - It is unlikely that conflict will disappear in the near future as the drivers of competition remain intact - Though participants of conflict may evolve specifcally as powers rise, old powers will adpat to keep their influence Reasons for Persistence Military Competition + Geopolitical Rivals - Competition of regional and global dominance remains as a factors of international relations - US + China engagement in intense rivalry, over Indo-Pacific region, as well as main areas such as Taiwan - Eastern Europe, War in Ukraine, exeplified by Russia fuels military confrontations Culture Clashes - Divide between democratic and authortative states, such as US vs. Russia/China - Force of information warfare, cyber conflicts, and diplomacy - Increase in globalization and migration as it increases diversity leading to internal conflicts Economic Competition + Resource Scarcity - Emerging power (China, India) intensify competition - Trade wars, US-China Tariff Battles, exemplifying economic rivalries - Resource Scarcity - Africa, Arctic, Middle East and the concentration of theor strategic resources Potential Players in Future Conflict Major Rivalries - US + China play a role in military, economic, and ideological conflict as they compete - Aggressive Russian policies in Eastern Europe to regain power over former SU states over NATO Regional Conflicts - Middle East, land divides, poltical instabilty, competition over water and oil - South Asia, India-Pakistan, experience of the same issue but historical enmity Non-State + Transnational Actors - Terrorism, Cybersecurity, and organized crime challenges state security - Environmental challenges, such as climate change, disater response, displacement and migration Conclusion - Competition for power, resources, and ideological supremacy - Traditional Military engagement → Cyber conflict → Economic Warfare - Conflict will persist as a defining characteristic of international relations in the 21st century What are Units? + Modern World into Nation-States + Sovereign entities with defined borders, permanent populations, government, and capability to enter into relations with other nations Why? + Sovereignty - Peace of Westphalia 1648, establish that each state has authority over their territory and domestic affairs + IGOs - UN, World Bank, WTO → facilitate cooperation between countries on global issues + NGOs - focus on humanitarian, environmental, and social issues as well as policy changes Big 5 (US, Russia, China, France, UK) + Significant source of power due to their Veto Abilitiy in Security Council Measurement of Power Strong Economy - Influence in Global Markets Industrialization - Industrial capacity to support economic growth and technological advancements Trade - Strong trade network reliant on economic interdependence and diplomatic relations Strong Military - capability to ensure national security and project power Cultural + Historical Momentum + State system grew out of the historical process, rise of nationalism and decline of empires Interaction = Cooperation or Conflict