Globalization and Japanese Economic Growth (1990-2000)
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Questions and Answers

What significant shift did globalization bring to international markets between 1990 and 2000?

  • Diminished role of emerging markets
  • Integration of international markets with a surge in merchandise exports (correct)
  • Focus on local rather than global trade
  • Decrease in international capital flows

Which technological advancement had a major impact on businesses between 1990 and 2000?

  • Limitations on communication technologies
  • Decline in traditional computing power
  • Reduction in information technology investments
  • Widespread adoption of the internet (correct)

Which two countries are noted for their emergence as new economic powers during the 1990-2000 period?

  • China and India (correct)
  • Brazil and Russia
  • Japan and Germany
  • Mexico and Argentina

What was a primary goal of Japan's industrial policy for economic growth?

<p>Fostering growth in sectors with high potential like steel and electronics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What strategy did Japan employ to enhance its export competitiveness?

<p>Maintaining a weak yen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concern is raised regarding the US's global influence?

<p>Polarization and social unrest affecting governance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What economic challenge does the US face that could impact its future stability?

<p>High national debt and rising interest payments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has globalization altered the traditional economic landscape?

<p>Increasing the globalization of product markets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason why conflict is unlikely to disappear in the near future?

<p>The persistence of military competition and geopolitical rivalry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following exemplifies economic rivalry currently impacting international relations?

<p>Trade wars and tariff battles between the US and China (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which areas are highlighted as regions of potential conflict due to resource scarcity?

<p>Africa, Arctic, and Middle East (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of conflict is increasingly shaping international relations in the 21st century?

<p>Cyber conflict and economic warfare (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors contribute to the divide between democratic and authoritative states?

<p>Force of information warfare and cyber conflicts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best captures the essence of future conflicts mentioned in the content?

<p>Conflicts can arise from non-state and transnational actors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do major rivalries like that between the US and China play in international relations?

<p>They intensify military, economic, and ideological conflicts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary domestic factors contributing to conflicts within states?

<p>Cultural diversity leading to internal conflicts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Globalization

The increasing integration of national economies through global trade, investment, and technological advancements. It refers to the growing interconnectedness of markets, making national economies more reliant on each other.

Technological Advancements

The rapid development and adoption of new technologies like the internet and computing power, revolutionizing businesses and global communication.

Emergence of New Economic Powers

The emergence of new economic powers, particularly in Asia, due to rapid industrialization and economic reforms. Countries like China and India grew significantly, shifting global economic power.

Industrial Policy (Japanese Model)

The Japanese government actively guided its economic development through targeted policies to promote specific industries, such as steel, automobiles, and electronics. They focused on high-growth sectors and modernization, making Japan a global manufacturing leader.

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Export-Oriented Growth Strategy (Japanese Model)

A strategic approach focusing on producing high-quality, cost-effective goods for the global market. Japan prioritized strengthening its manufacturing capabilities, maintaining a weak yen to boost exports, and accumulating foreign reserves.

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Economic Struggles (US)

The US has a significant national debt, creating concerns about its ability to invest in the future and maintain financial stability. This is a major economic challenge seen by many as a potential weakness.

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Polarization (US)

Increased political polarization and widening social divisions have led to difficulties in passing effective policies in the US. This raises concerns about its ability to maintain unity and its global standing.

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Globalization (US)

The rise of new economic powers like China challenges the US's global influence and reshapes the international economic landscape. This dynamic shift raises questions about the US's future dominance.

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International Conflict

The continuous struggle for power, resources, and influence between nations, driven by factors like military competition, cultural divides, and economic rivalries.

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Military Competition & Geopolitical Rivals

The fight for dominance between nations, fueled by competition for territory and influence. This includes areas like the Indo-Pacific and key regions like Taiwan.

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Culture Clashes

The clash between democratic and authoritarian states, often fueled by information warfare, cyber attacks, and diplomatic pressure. This can be seen in the conflict between the US and Russia/China.

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Economic Competition & Resource Scarcity

The intense struggle between emerging powers like China and India against established countries. Examples include trade wars and resource scarcity.

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Major Rivalries

Major nations like the US and China engaged in military, economic, and ideological battles. This also includes Russia's attempts to regain influence in Eastern Europe.

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Regional Conflicts

Conflicts within regions like the Middle East and South Asia, fueled by land disputes, political instability, and competition over resources.

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Non-State & Transnational Actors

Terrorist groups, cybercriminals, and organized crime pose a challenge to state security. Climate change and natural disasters can also lead to issues like displacement and migration.

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Nation-States

The modern world is divided into nation-states, which are sovereign entities with defined borders, permanent populations, governments, and the ability to interact with other nations.

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Study Notes

Globalization (1990-2000)

  • Increased integration of international markets, specifically in global merchandise exports.
  • Sharply increased international capital flows.
  • Significant technological advancements in information and communication technology.
  • Widespread adoption of the internet and advanced computing power, revolutionizing business.
  • Emergence of new economic powers in Asia (China, India).
  • Shifts towards a more diverse global economy, reducing the traditional economic dominance of established nations.

Japanese Economic Growth Policies

  • Industrial Policy: Japanese government guided economic development through targeted industrial sectors (e.g., steel, automobiles, electronics), fostering growth in specific areas and achieving leadership in global manufacturing.

  • Export-Oriented Growth Strategy: Focused on high-quality, cost-effective goods for global markets, supported by maintaining a competitive currency (weak yen) and investment in advanced manufacturing and technology.

US Declining Power Concerns

  • Economic Struggles: High national debt and rising interest payments pose risks to financial stability and investment capacity.
  • Political Polarization: Increased political divisions and social unrest hamper the ability to implement effective policies.
  • Uncertainty and Concerns: Concerns over US capacity to maintain domestic unity and global influence have been raised.

Conflict and Competition (International Relations)

  • Persistence: Conflict is likely to persist in the international system due to competition among nations for power, resources, and influence.
  • Military Competition: Intense rivalry especially between the US and China over the Indo-Pacific region, along with tensions in Eastern Europe (e.g., Ukraine).
  • Cultural Clashes: Conflicts stem from differing political values and ideologies, including relations between democratic and authoritarian states (e.g., US vs. Russia/China).
  • Economic Rivalries: Emerging global powers (e.g., China, India) are intensifying competition for resources and markets through trade wars.

International Actors and Structures

  • Non-State and Transnational Actors: Terrorism, cybersecurity threats, organized crime, and environmental challenges are becoming increasingly important in international relations.
  • Nation-States: Continued importance of nation-states in establishing international norms and principles is highlighted.
  • Sovereignty (Westphalia): Concept of each state's authority over their own territory and domestic affairs continues to inform international relations.
  • International Governmental Organizations (IGOs) and NGOs: IGOs (e.g., UN, World Bank, WTO) and NGOs facilitate cooperation on global issues. Significance of Big Five nations (US, China, etc.).
  • Power Measurement: Strong economies, industrialization, powerful militaries, strong cultural and historical momentum all influence a state's power. Veto power exists within the UN Security Council

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Description

This quiz explores the key aspects of globalization from 1990 to 2000, focusing on the integration of international markets, technological advancements, and the rise of new economic powers. Additionally, it covers the unique Japanese economic growth policies, including industrial policy and export-oriented strategies. Test your knowledge on these significant economic trends and their impact on global markets.

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