Gen. Ed. (Phil. History & Rizal) PDF

General Education: Readings in Philippine History; Life and Works of Rizal I. Waves of Migration Theory by Otley Beyer (D’ AIM) 1. Dawn Men 2. Negritos/ Aetas – 1st aboriginal settlers 3. Indones – 1st seafarers 4. Malays – last to arrive; rode balangay...

General Education: Readings in Philippine History; Life and Works of Rizal I. Waves of Migration Theory by Otley Beyer (D’ AIM) 1. Dawn Men 2. Negritos/ Aetas – 1st aboriginal settlers 3. Indones – 1st seafarers 4. Malays – last to arrive; rode balangay II. Core population Theory “Evolution” by F. Landa Jocana - From Tabon Man - Discovered by Robert Fox and Manuel Santiago in Tabon Cave, Palawan III. Pre-Spanish or Pre-Colonial Period Social Class 1. Maharlika – highest class; nobles; datu/rajah 2. Timawa – freemen 3. Alipin – Sagigilid (nakatira w/ amo); Namamahay (owned a bahay) - Lived in barangay w/ 30 – 100 families A. Religion 1. Paganism/Paganismo – believed in many gods 2. Animism/Animsmo – worships in inanimate objects B. Economy 1. Barter * Mai(Ma-I) – gold in Mindoro 2. Trading * Makdum – Arab missionary who -First/early traders brought Islam in the Phil. In 1830; a. Orang Dampuans (Vietnam) trader/merchant b. Banjarmasins (Indonesia) * Sulu – 1st sultunate founded by Abu c. Chinese (Ming Dynasty) Bakr C. Government * Tawi-Tawi – 1st settlement of Islams 1. Datu – chief; rule maker 2. Umalohokan – town crier/barangay announcer D. Forms of Punishment – Trial by Ordeal (eye for an eye) E. First School 1. Bothoan 2. Baybayin/ Alibata – 1st writing system F. Communities 1. Igorot – lived in Cordillera, who 1st practiced mummification 2. Pintados – tattooed people in Panay G. Filipino Traits 1. Kanya Kanya or Tayo Tayo – selfishness; crab-mentality 2. Ningas Cogon – maayo lang sa una 3. Manana Habit – procrastination 4. Ethnocentric – one culture is superior than the other 5. Xenocentric – colonial mentality 6. Extreme personalism 7. Porma over substance 8. Bahala Na habit 9. Remedyo Attitude 10. Cheerful; hospitable H. Sealing Friendship – through blood compact or sanduguan I. Engagement 1. Harana - traditional courtship songs in the Mexican-Spanish tradition based on the habanera rhythm 2. Bethrotal 3. Dowry – originated in India J. Criticism (EFIC) = external – forms; internal – content IV. Coming of the West A. Treaty of Tordesillas – divides the world into 2 parts (PEWS) = Portugal – East; West – Spain B. Social Classes during the colonization (PIMPI) 1. Peninsulares – Spanish born in Spain 2. Insulares – Spanish born in the Phil. 3. Mestizo – w/ foreign blood 4. Principalia/ Ilustrados – middle class Filipinos 5. Indios – natives C. Spanish Policies 1. Pueblo – town 2. Tributo – buwis/ tax 3. Cabeceras – town centers 4. Reduccion – rest settlements 5. Bandala – product tax 6. Polo y Servicio – forced labor 7. Polistas – forced laborer/worker 8. Falla – exemption fee 9. Ayuntemiento – trade centers 10. Alcaldia – places pacified by Spain 11. Corregimientos – unpacified 12. Indulto de Comercio – privilege given to the governor to engage in trade 13. Frailocracy – government led by the Friars 14. Cabeza de barangay – tax collector D. Order of the Spanish expedition (MaLoCaSaViPi) 1. Magellan 2. Loaisa (1525) 3. Cabot (1526) 4. Saavedra (1527) 5. Villalobos (1542) – named the Phil. “Las Islas Filipinas” after King Philip II of Spain 6. Legazpi (1564) – 1st governor general of the Phil. E. Order of the Missionaries (All Farmers Jump Down the River Banks) 1. Augustinians 1st missionary 2. Franciscans 3. Jesuits 4. Dominican Friars 5. Recollects 6. Benedictines * St. Augustine – gives prominence to faith in understanding the existence of God (if reason, by Thomas Aquinas) * St. Calungsod – the correct spelling * Gobernadorcillo – the highest position that a Mestizo can get *Governor General – directly governs the Phil. * Council of Indies – appoints the governor general * Royal Audiencia – supreme court * Babaylan – native doctors F. Magellan’s Expedition 1. Came with 5 boats (TriSViSanCo) a. Trinidad b. Santiago c. Victoria d. San Antonio e. Concepcion 2. Arrived on March 16, 1521 at Homonhon, Samar 3. Rajah Kulambo – 1st blood compact w/ Magellan in Limasawa 4. Rajah Sikatuna - 1st blood compact w/ Legazpi in Bohol 5. Enrique of Malacca – Magellan’s translator  6. Antonio Pigafetta – chronicler/ writer 7. March 31, 1521 – 1st mass in Limasawa by Fr. Valderama 8. April 7, 1521 – arrived n Bohol 9. April 14 – baptismal of Humabon and his wife 10. April 21 – the cross was planted 11. April 27 – death of Magellan; killed by Lapu-Lapu THE 1ST… * Magellan – 1st to circumnavigate the earth * El Cano – 1st MAN to circumnavigate; rode Victoria * Ventura Delos Reyes – 1st filipino representative in Spanish Cortes * Doctrina Cristiana – 1st book published in the Phil. * Barlaan at Josaphat – 1st Filipino book translated by Fray Antonio de Borja * Legazpi – 1st governor general (Spanish) * Merrit – 1st governor general (American military) * Thomasites – 1st teachers (American period; if no soldiers in the choices) * Mi Primera Inspiration – 1st inspirational book of Rizal; inspired by his mother, Theodora Alonzo * Amor Patrio – 1st poem of Rizal in Spanish soil * Quirino – 1st Ilocano president * Diwata 1 – 1st Phil. Microsatellite * Augustinians – 1st missionaries * Felipe Agoncillo – 1st Filipino diplomat * Cayetano Arellano – 1st chief justice in the Phil. * Manuel Quezon – 1st senate president * Deodato Arellano – 1st president of Katipunan * Cebu – 1st town in the Phil. * Malolos Constitution – 1st constitution * “Filipino First” Policy of Garcia Hkjh * University of Santo Tomas – 1st university of the Phil. * Malolos Constitution – 1st constitution of the Phil. * Emilio Aguinaldo – 1st president of the Phil. --- * Dagohoy Revolt – the longest revolt, founded by Francisco Dagohoy * Bonifacio – not included in the Ilustrados; husband of Gregoria de Jesus; the arm-struggle; the supreme commander of Katipunan; Dakilang Plebiyo * Mabini – Dakilang Lumpo *Colegio de San Letran – oldest college in the Phil.; oldest secondary institution in Asia * Manila Bulletin – oldest existing newspaper * Damian Domingo – father of the Phil. painting V. Spanish Governor Generals 1. Secularization Movement 2. Founded by Padre Pedro Pelaez, continued by Father Burgos 3. birth of the Cavity Mutiny, the reason of the execution of GOMBURZA 4. the death of GOMBURZA, the reason Rizal made the “La Liga Filipina” *but before La Liga Filipina, there was a “Propaganda Movement” 5. Katipunan (July 7) founded by Bonifacio, the reason of Rizal’s execution * Kalayaan newspaper as the major organ 6. the death of Rizal, the rise of Tejeros Convention 7. Tejeros Convention, the reason of Bonifacio’s execution (exiled in HongKong; killed by Makapagal) 8. the death of Bonifacio, the Katipunan was sold for 800 thousand Mexico peso 9. Katipunan was sold = the Treaty of Paris (Phil. Was sold to America for 20 million USD) VII. First Labor Union of the Phil. - Union Obrera Democratica, trade center of the Phil. - Isabelo Delos Reyes – founded the labor union VIII. The Triumpverate 1. Graciano Lopez Jaena  - 1st editor of “La Solidaridad”, newspaper of the Propaganda movement - great orator - pen name “Diego Laura” - Fray Botod 2. Marcelo H. Del Pilar - father of the Phil. Journalism - father of the Phil Masonry - pen names “Plaridel, Dolores”, “Mandapat”, ‘Piping Dilat”, “Siling Labuyo” - Diaryong Tagalog; Dasalan at Toksohan * Pascual Poblete – ama ng diaryong tagalog - 2nd editor of La Solidaridad 3. La Liga Filipina (July 3, 1892) - nationa socio-civic organization - founded by Jose Rizal 4. KKK (July 7, 1892) - founded by Andres Bonifacio and friends - Deodato Arellano, the 1st president of KKK - their objectives (PMC): political; moral; civic - their order: Katipunan (anak bayan); Kawal (GOMBURZA); Bayani (Rizal) 5. Katipunerong nagsupling “Traitor” (August 19, 1896) - Teodoro Patino - Father Mariano Gil, the parish curate of Tondo 6. Sigaw sa Pugad Lawin/ The Cry of Pugad Lawin (August 23, 1896) - in the house of Melchora Aquino, the ‘ina of Katipunan’ 7. the discovery of Katipunan resulted to the death of Rizal (Dec. 30) by firing squad; last words “consummatum est” (is is finished) IX. Jose Rizal (Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda) *Flowers of the Eidelberg – written in - June 19, 1861 Germany; reminds his hometown - Calamba, Laguna * Rizal Law, RA 1425 - Teodora Alonzo, mother * 2 famous novels – Noli Me Tangere - Francisco, father and El Filibusterismo - Ute, called by his siblings *Mi Ultimo Adios – 14 lines; Elegy - Pepe, called by bayan * Fort Santiago – detention hall of Rizal A. Rizal’s Biographers 1. Rafael Palma – Biografie de Rizal 2. Carlos Quirino – The Great Malayan 3. Camilo Osias – Jose Rizal: Life and Times 4. Gregorio Zaide – Jose Rizal: Life, Works and Writings 5. Leon Ma Guerrero – The First Filipino: A Biography of Jose Rizal * The Imitation of Christ – the parting gift of Rizal to Bracken * Mi Retiro – poem of Rizal while in exile in Dapitan * Sobresaliente / excellent – Rizal’s remarks *1872, Rizal’s mother, Teodora, was imprisoned because of “poisoning accusation”; the woman of conviction *El Filibusterismo was published in Ghent, Belgium (1891) *Noli Me Tangere was published in Berlin (1887) B. Sonnets of Rizal 1. To the Virgin Mary – the 1st sonnet of Rizal 2. To the Philippines – 1st testimony and presentation of his nationalism 3. All poems was written in Spanish C. All Rizal loved before 1. Leonor Velenzuela – wrote her using invisible ink 2. Segunda Katigbak – 1st gf/ love and 1st betrayal  3. Leonor Rivera – his greatest love 4. Josephen Bracken – last love 5. Consuelo Ortiga – dedicated the poem ‘A La Seniorita’ 6. Gertrude Beckett – girl of Rizal while annotating ‘Successos’ 7. Nellie Bustead – reason he challenged Antonio Luna 8. Suzanne Jacoby – reason he moved to Brussels * Macario Sakay – 1st president of Tagalo Republic; executed because of Brigandage Act * Gregorio Aglipay – co-founder of Phil. Independent Church/Aglipay * Baldomero Aguinaldo – president of Magdalo faction * Mariano Alvarez – president of Magdiwang faction * Manuel Bundoc – youngest general of the Phil. Revolutionary Army *March 22, 1897 – 1st election in the Phil. X. America A. Intervention 1. May 1, 1898 – Manifest Destiny 2. Dec. 10, 1898 – Benevolent Assimilation, a policy of the United States towards the Philippines as described in a proclamation by US President William McKinley. B. Phil.-American War - February 4, 1899 - at San Juan Bridge incident, where a US sentry shot and killed 2 Filipino soldiers C. American Period (MCC) * Spanish-American War ender of 1. Military Governor (MOA) Spanish regime – The Battle of Manila a. General Merrit – 1st military governor Bay b. General Elwell Otis * June 5, 1899 – Death of Lune c. General Arthur MacArthur – 3rd military governor * Dec. 2, 1899 – Death of Goyo 2. Civil Governor * Douglas MacArthur – 1st and only field a. General Taft – 1st civil governor Marshall of the Phil. Army b. General Murphy – last 3. Commonwealth * Treaty of Paris (Dec. 10, 1898) – ended the Spanish-American war; forced Spain to cede the Phil. To the US * Jones Law of 1916 (Phil. Autonomy Act) – stated the intention of the US to withdraw their sovereignty; introduced the “Bicameralism’ to the Phil (the lower and upper house) * Tydings-McDuffy Law – established the parameters for the 10-year preparatory period for Phil. Independence; also known as Phil. Independence Act * Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act – partial free trade; there is quota * Simmons-Underwood Act – full free trade; no quota * Gabaldon Act – building modern public schools * Bell Trade Act – American rights/ Parity Rights, to exploit the natural resources of the Phil * Antonio Luna – bravest general of the Phil. During the American period * Diosdado Macapagal – moved Phil Independence Day from July 4 to June 12 3. Commonwealth XI. Japanese Period - Educational focus – Tech. Voc., love for work and dignity for labor - Little Boy was dropped in Hiroshima on Aug. 6; Fat Boy on Aug. 9 - HUKBALAHAP (Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon) - MAKAPILI – Pro-hapon - Kempetai – Japanese police - Haiku and Tanka became popular * Francisco Baltazar – balagatas “PEN NAMES” * Severino Reyes – Lola Basyang * Florentino Collantes –Kuntil-butil * Amado Hernandez - Amante Ernani * Jose Corazon de Jesus – Huseng Batute * Nick Joaquin – Quijano de Manila * Jose dela Cruz – Huseng Sisiw * Jose Garcia Villa - Doveglion * Epifanio delos Santos – G. Solon XII. President of the Philippines 1. Emilio Aguinaldo – 1st president and dictator of the Phil. 2. Manuel L. Quezon – father of the social justice; ama ng wikang Pilipino 3. Jose P. Laurel – puppet gov’t; president during Japanese period 4. Sergio Osmena – 1st speaker of the Phil; shortest serving president 5. Manuel Roxas 6. Elpidio Quirino – 1st Ilocano president 7. Ramon Magsaysay – Man of the Masses 8. Carlos P. Garcia – “Filipino First” Policy 9. Diosdado Macapagal – transferred the Phil. Independence day from July 4 to June 12 10. Ferdinand Marcos Sr. – “I will make this country great again.” 11. Corazon Aquino – 1st female president 12. Fidel V. Ramos – 13. Joseph Estrada – Father of the Masses 14. Gloria Arroyo – Garci scandal; strong republic 15. Benigno Aquino III – 1st bachelor president 16. Rodrigo Duterte – 1st Mindanaon president; “Build-build” project 17. Bongbong Marcos Prepared by Lorely M. Cabaitan, LPT :D