Questions and Answers
Which missionary order was the first to arrive in the Philippines?
What was the result of the blood compact between Rajah Kulambo and Magellan?
Which ship was not part of Magellan's expedition fleet?
Who was the chronicler that accompanied Magellan on his expedition?
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What was the highest position a Mestizo could achieve during the Spanish colonial period?
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What was the significance of the Doctrina Cristiana in the Philippines?
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Who was the first Filipino representative in the Spanish Cortes?
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Which of the following orders did not play a significant role in the early missionary efforts in the Philippines?
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Who was the first governor general of the Philippines under Spanish rule?
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Which book is recognized as the first Filipino inspirational book authored by Rizal?
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What was the name of the first constitution of the Philippines?
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Which group is known as the first missionaries to arrive in the Philippines?
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Who is regarded as the first Filipino diplomat?
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What was the longest revolt in Philippine history, led by Francisco Dagohoy?
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What significant event led to the formation of the Katipunan?
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Which of the following institutions is recognized as the oldest college in the Philippines?
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What was the primary outcome of the Treaty of Tordesillas?
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Which expedition was the first to establish a permanent settlement in the Philippines?
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Which social class during the Spanish colonization included Spanish individuals born in Spain?
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What was the purpose of the Polo y Servicio policy in Spanish colonial rule?
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What were the Friars primarily responsible for during the Spanish colonization of the Philippines?
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Which group within the Spanish social classes were considered to have foreign blood?
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Which Spanish colonial policy involved levy on products brought from the colonies?
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What was the title given to the local tax collector during the Spanish colonial period?
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Study Notes
Missionary Orders
- Augustinians were the first missionaries in the Philippines.
- Followed by Franciscans, Jesuits, Dominican Friars, Recollects, and Benedictines.
- St. Augustine emphasizes faith as a means to understand God's existence.
- Correct spelling of St. Calungsod.
- Gobernadorcillo is the highest position attainable by a Mestizo.
- Governor General directly governs the Philippines; appointed by the Council of Indies.
- Royal Audiencia serves as the supreme court with considerable authority.
- Babaylan refers to native doctors practicing traditional medicine.
Magellan’s Expedition
- Magellan's fleet consisted of five ships: Trinidad, Santiago, Victoria, San Antonio, and Concepcion.
- Reached Homonhon, Samar on March 16, 1521.
- First blood compact with Rajah Kulambo in Limasawa.
- First blood compact with Rajah Sikatuna in Bohol.
- Enrique of Malacca acted as Magellan’s translator.
- Antonio Pigafetta documented the expedition's events.
- First Mass conducted in Limasawa by Fr. Valderama on March 31, 1521.
- Arrived in Bohol on April 7, 1521.
- Baptism of Rajah Humabon and his wife occurred on April 14, 1521.
- The cross was planted on April 21, 1521.
- Magellan was killed by Lapu-Lapu on April 27, 1521.
Notable Firsts
- Magellan was the first to circumnavigate the earth.
- El Cano was the first man to complete the circumnavigation, aboard the Victoria.
- Ventura Delos Reyes was the first Filipino representative in the Spanish Cortes.
- Doctrina Cristiana is the first book published in the Philippines.
Cultural Attitudes and Behaviors
- "Kanya Kanya or Tayo Tayo" describes selfishness and crab mentality.
- "Ningas Cogon" refers to a habit of losing enthusiasm after initial effort.
- "Manana Habit" signifies procrastination.
- Ethnocentrism believes one culture is superior to another.
- Xenocentrism indicates a colonial mentality favoring foreign cultures.
- Extreme personalism emphasizes individualism at the expense of others.
- Some Filipinos value appearance over substance.
- "Bahala Na" translates to a "come what may" mentality.
- "Remedyo Attitude" denotes a reliance on remedies to solve problems.
- Filipinos are characterized by being cheerful and hospitable.
Engagement and Tradition
- Harana entails traditional courtship through songs influenced by the Mexican-Spanish tradition.
- Betrothal process is significant in marriage customs.
- Dowry custom has origins in India.
Criticism
- Criticism is differentiated into external forms and internal content.
Historical Agreements
- Treaty of Tordesillas divided the world between Portugal (East) and Spain (West).
Social Class Structure During Colonization
- Peninsulares: Spaniards born in Spain.
- Insulares: Spaniards born in the Philippines.
- Mestizo: Individuals of mixed heritage.
- Principalia/Ilustrados: Educated middle-class Filipinos.
- Indios: Indigenous natives.
Spanish Colonial Policies
- Pueblo refers to a town.
- Tributo is the tax imposed on the populace.
- Cabeceras indicate town centers.
- Reduccion was the resettlement strategy during colonization.
- Bandala signifies product taxes levied on goods.
- Polo y Servicio was the system of forced labor.
- Polistas refers to those subjected to forced labor.
- Falla represents an exemption fee for certain obligations.
- Ayuntemiento symbolizes trade centers established by Spain.
- Alcaldia denotes areas pacified by Spanish rule.
- Corregimientos refer to unpacified regions.
- Indulto de Comercio grants trading privileges to the governor.
- Frailocracy describes governance dominated by friars.
- Cabeza de Barangay served as tax collectors within communities.
Spanish Expeditions
- Key figures include Magellan, Loaisa (1525), Cabot (1526), Saavedra (1527), Villalobos (1542, named the islands after King Philip II), and Legazpi (1564, the first governor general).
Milestone Publications and Achievements
- Barlaan at Josaphat is the first Filipino book translated by Fray Antonio de Borja.
- Legazpi holds the distinction of the first Spanish governor general in the Philippines.
- Merrit was the first American military governor general.
- Thomasites were the first teachers during the American period.
- "Mi Primera Inspiracion" was Rizal's first inspirational book.
- "Amor Patrio" is Rizal's first poem written in Spain.
- Quirino was the first Ilocano president.
- Diwata 1 became the first Philippine microsatellite.
- Augustinians were again recognized as the first missionaries.
- Felipe Agoncillo is acknowledged as the first Filipino diplomat.
- Cayetano Arellano was the first chief justice of the Philippines.
- Manuel Quezon was the first Senate president.
- Deodato Arellano served as the first president of the Katipunan.
- Cebu is identified as the first town in the Philippines.
- The Malolos Constitution was the first constitution promulgated in the Philippines.
- "Filipino First" Policy was initiated by President Garcia.
- University of Santo Tomas is lauded as the first university in the Philippines.
- Emilio Aguinaldo declared the first president of the Philippines.
- Dagohoy Revolt, led by Francisco Dagohoy, is the longest uprising in Philippine history.
- Andres Bonifacio was not part of the Ilustrados; known for leading the Katipunan and advocating for armed struggle.
- Apolinario Mabini was referred to as "Dakilang Lumpo" (Great Lame).
- Colegio de San Letran is the oldest college in the Philippines and the oldest secondary institution in Asia.
- Manila Bulletin, the oldest existing newspaper in the Philippines, was established during this era.
- Damian Domingo is recognized as the father of Philippine painting.
Spanish Governance and Reform Movements
- The Secularization Movement was led by Padre Pedro Pelaez and later by Father Burgos.
- The Cavite Mutiny resulted in the execution of GOMBURZA (Gomez, Burgos, Zamora).
- The execution of GOMBURZA motivated Rizal to form "La Liga Filipina".
- A "Propaganda Movement" preceded La Liga Filipina.
- Katipunan, founded by Bonifacio on July 7, sparked the reason for Rizal's execution.
- The Kalayaan newspaper served as the principal communication medium for the Katipunan.
- The death of Rizal led to the rise of the Tejeros Convention.
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Description
Explore the significant missionary orders in the Philippines, including the roles of Augustinians, Franciscans, and Jesuits. Additionally, delve into Magellan's expedition, its key events, and the cultural impacts of these historical figures. Test your knowledge of Philippine colonial history with this insightful quiz.
