Gender and Sexuality PART 1 PDF

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES SOCIAL STUDIES 10 FLASHBAC K 2024  REVIEW TRREITROIAL CNFLOITCS THESE REFER TO THE FIGHTING OF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES OVER TERRITORIES.  REVIEW PLOIITCLA DNYATSIES IT REFERS TO A SITUATION WHEREIN LEADERS OF CITIES OR PROVINCES IN A...

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES SOCIAL STUDIES 10 FLASHBAC K 2024  REVIEW TRREITROIAL CNFLOITCS THESE REFER TO THE FIGHTING OF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES OVER TERRITORIES.  REVIEW PLOIITCLA DNYATSIES IT REFERS TO A SITUATION WHEREIN LEADERS OF CITIES OR PROVINCES IN A COUNTRY CAME MOSTLY FROM PROMINENT FAMILIES.  REVIEW CRROUTIOPN IT REFERS TO THE UNSCRUPULOUS ACQUISITION OF PUBLIC FUNDS THROUGH QUESTIONABLE AND IMPROPER TRANSACTIONS.  REVIEW TRROREIMS IT REFERS TO THE DELIBERATE CREATION AND EXPLOITATION OF FEAR THROUGH VIOLENCE OR PURSUIT OF POLITICAL CHANGE.  REVIEW MLUTIUCLUTRAISLM IT REFERS TO THE PHILOSOPHY THAT TEACHES ACCEPTANCE AND RESPECT FOR DIVERSITY AMONG PEOPLE.  POLLING QUESTION HOW MANY OF YOU HAVE BEEN TOLD THAT YOU COULD NOT DO SOMETHING BECAUSE YOU’RE A BOY OR A GIRL?  GENDER AND SEXUALITY  LEARNING OBJECTIVES Analyze the factors that cause gender discrimination. Assess the part played by gender roles in different fields and social institutions. Compare the status of women, lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transgenders in different countries and regions. Analyze the effect of same-sex marriage in countries where it is permitted. Express views on same-sex marriage in the country.  SEX Biological characteristics typically categorized as male, female, or intersex, determined by factors like chromosomes, hormones, and anatomy.  GENDER IDENTITY A person's internal sense of being male, female, or something else, regardless of their sex assigned at birth.  GENDER EXPRESSION The way a person expresses their gender identity through external factors like clothing, hairstyle, behavior, and mannerisms. It is not always binary and can be independent of a person's sex assigned at birth.  SEXUAL ORIENTATION A PERSON'S EMOTIONAL, ROMANTIC, AND/OR PHYSICAL ATTRACTION TO OTHERS BASED ON THEIR GENDER. COMMON TERMS INCLUDE HETEROSEXUAL (ATTRACTED TO THE OPPOSITE SEX), HOMOSEXUAL (ATTRACTED TO THE SAME SEX), BISEXUAL (ATTRACTED TO BOTH SEXES), PANSEXUAL (ATTRACTED TO PEOPLE REGARDLESS OF GENDER), AND ASEXUAL (NOT EXPERIENCING SEXUAL ATTRACTION).  WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT FACTORS THAT CAUSE GENDER DISCRIMINATION SOCIAL NORMS AND STEREOTYPES Traditional gender roles: Societal expectations about how men and women should behave can create limitations and biases. For example, women may be stereotyped as emotional or weak, while men may be seen as aggressive or dominant. These stereotypes can justify discrimination in various aspects of life, like education, employment, and leadership opportunities. SOCIAL NORMS AND STEREOTYPES Limited representation: Underrepresentation of women in positions of power and influence reinforces the idea that certain roles or achievements are not meant for them. This lack of visible role models can discourage girls and women from pursuing their goals and perpetuate gender stereotypes. Same is true with the members of the LGBTQIA++  CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS Patriarchal societies: Cultures that prioritize male dominance can disadvantage women in terms of rights, freedoms, and access to resources. This can manifest in harmful practices like child marriage, female genital mutilation, and unequal inheritance laws. Even machismo or the exaggerated emphasis on male strength, dominance, and virility.  CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS Religious interpretations: Certain religious interpretations may perpetuate gender inequality by placing restrictions on people’s behavior, dress, or participation in certain activities. They also set the idea on what’s acceptable from not in relation to gender. ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL SYSTEMS Unequal access to education and employment: Gender gaps in education and employment opportunities can trap people in cycles of poverty and dependence. This lack of economic empowerment makes them more susceptible to exploitation and discrimination.  ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL SYSTEMS Legal and Institutional Discrimination: This lack of legal protection further reinforces gender inequality. For example, LGBTQIA++ partners cannot be considered as immediate family members in cases of emergencies. Another example is on conjugal properties and insurance beneficiaries. GENDER ROLES IN DIFFERENT FIELDS  POLITICS Historical underrepresentation of women: In many political systems, women have historically been excluded from leadership positions due to cultural bias and legal restrictions.  POLITICS "Glass ceiling" and "sticky floor": Women often face invisible barriers like the "glass ceiling" hindering their ascent to top positions and the "sticky floor" limiting them to lower-level jobs.  FAMILY Traditional gender roles: In many cultures, childcare and domestic work are primarily assigned to women, while men are expected to be breadwinners and protectors.  FAMILY Emerging diversity: Modern families present a spectrum of structures and roles, including same-sex couples, single parents, and multi- generational households, offering more flexibility and challenging traditional gender assumptions.  EDUCATION Gender gaps in STEM fields: Women are underrepresented in fields like science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, often due to stereotypes, lack of role models, and implicit biases in education systems.  EDUCATION Progress in gender equality: Education has been a key driver of gender equality, with girls now achieving higher levels of education globally. However, disparities in access and quality of education persist in some regions.  WORKPLACE Gender-pay gap: Women typically earn less than men for the same work, a persistent issue attributed to various factors like discrimination, lack of career advancement opportunities, and societal expectations.  WORKPLACE Sexual harassment and discrimination: Women and members of the LGBTQIA++ in the workplace face persistent challenges like sexual harassment, gender-based discrimination, and unequal access to promotions and leadership positions.  RELIGION Varying interpretations and practices: Different religions hold diverse views on gender roles, with some advocating for equality while others upholding more traditional, patriarchal structures.  RELIGION Evolving movements: Religious institutions are also witnessing internal movements advocating for greater gender equality and inclusion in their practices and interpretations.  MEDIA AND ENTERTAINMENT Gender stereotypes and objectification: Women are often portrayed in stereotypical roles and subjected to objectification and hyper- sexualization in media, reinforcing harmful gender norms.  MEDIA AND ENTERTAINMENT Breaking the mold: Increasingly, filmmakers, writers, and artists are creating narratives that challenge gender stereotypes and offer diverse representations of women, men, and members of the LGBTQIA++.