Chlorophyll and Other Pigments PDF

Chlorophyll and Other Pigments Gallo & Glaiz | STEM-B  What is a Pigment? - Naturally colored substances produced by plants that absorb specific wavelengths of light from the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. - The color we perceive in these pigments is due to t...

Chlorophyll and Other Pigments Gallo & Glaiz | STEM-B  What is a Pigment? - Naturally colored substances produced by plants that absorb specific wavelengths of light from the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. - The color we perceive in these pigments is due to the specific wavelengths of light that are reflected back to our eyes after others are absorbed. Importance of G12 | Pigments STEM-B in Plants PRIMARY FUNCTION: PHOTOSYNTHESIS - Pigments, particularly chlorophyll, play a critical role in capturing light energy from the sun to drive the process of photosynthesis, which produces energy for the plant. Importance of G12 | Pigments STEM-B in Plants SECONDARY FUNCTIONS - Pigments attract insects to flowers, aiding in pollination. - They also help protect plants from damage by filtering excessive light and combating oxidative stress. Types of Pigments G12 | STEM-B Chlorop Chlorop Belatalains Belatalains hyll hyll Carotenoids Carotenoids Xanthop Xanthop Anthocyanin Anthocyanin hyll hyll ss TYPES TYPES OF OF PIGMENTS PIGMENTS  1.Chloroph G12 | STEM-B - yll Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. It is the primary pigment for photosynthesis, acting as a photoreceptor to capture light energy. It primarily absorbs red and blue light and reflects green light, giving plants their green color.  Kinds of G12 | STEM-B Chlorophyll 1. Chlorophyll A 2. Chlorophyll B The primary Mainly found in land pigment involved in plants and green photosynthesis and algae. It helps expand is found in all the range of light a photosynthetic plant can use for photosynthesis. organisms.  Kinds of G12 | STEM-B Chlorophyll 3. Chlorophyll C 4. Chlorophyll D Present in certain A minor pigment algae, such as red found in some red and brown algae, algae. as well as dinoflagellates. Kinds of G12 | STEM-B Chlorophyll 5. Chlorophyll E 6. Chlorophyll F A rare pigment Recently discovered observed in in some yellow-green cyanobacteria, algae. particularly near Australia, and allows photosynthesis  Importanc G12 | STEM-B e - Role in Photosynthesis where it captures light energy and channels it into chemical energy. - Gives plants their characteristic green appearance. - Although not its main function, the overall vibrant green environment can indirectly support plant reproduction by  Carotenoid - Carotenoids are accessory pigments that s absorb light wavelengths not efficiently absorbed by chlorophyll. They absorb violet and blue-green light and reflect yellow, orange, and red light. Examples: Carotene: Found in carrots. Lutein: A yellow pigment found in many fruits and vegetables. Lycopene: A red pigment found in tomatoes. Function of G12 | STEM-B Carotenoids The primary function of carotenoids is to aid in photosynthesis by capturing light wavelengths that chlorophyll cannot, particularly violet and blue-green light. They also protect plants from damage by dissipating excess light energy as heat and serve as antioxidants, which help prevent cell damage. Additionally, their bright yellow, orange, and red colors  Xantophyll G12 | STEM-B Xanthophylls are oxygenated derivatives of carotenes, considered the fourth main class of plant pigments. They absorb blue and ultraviolet light and reflect yellow or brown light. Examples: Commonly found in leafy greens like spinach and cabbage. Function of Xantophyll G12 | STEM-B Pollinator Attraction: Helps attract insects to flowers for pollination. Accessory Pigment: Assists in absorbing light and protecting the plant from excessive sunlight.  Anthocyanins G12 | STEM-B Water-soluble flavonoid pigments that occur throughout higher plants, though their color is not always prominent. In acidic conditions, anthocyanins appear red, while in alkaline environments, they appear blue. Examples: Found in eggplant, red Function of G12 | STEM-B Anthocyanins Medicinal Uses: Used in traditional medicine for their antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and cardiovascular protective properties. Pollinator Attraction: Their colors help attract pollinators. Food Coloring: Often used as natural  Betalains G12 | STEM-B Water-soluble pigments synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine. Betalains include two types: betacyanins (red-violet) and betaxanthins (yellow). Absorption and Reflection: Absorbs blue- green light and reflects red-violet and yellow colors. Function of Betalains G12 Antioxidant Properties: Betalains provide | STEM-B protection against oxidative damage and help prevent heart diseases, ulcers, liver damage, and certain cancers. Pollinator Attraction: Their vibrant colors attract pollinators. Accessory Pigment: Supports photosynthetic processes indirectly by absorbing additional light wavelengths.