Gen Chem 1.docx

**\[Pt. 1\] Chemistry** - - - - ---\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- **Branches of Chemistry:** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ---\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-...

**\[Pt. 1\] Chemistry** - - - - ---\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- **Branches of Chemistry:** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ---\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- **Various Fields in Chemistry:** - - - - - **[- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ]** **\[Pt. 2\] Matter** - - - - - ---\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- **Discontinuity of Matter** **(4 Main Ideas):** - - - - ---\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- - - **[- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ]** **\[Pt. 3\] States of Matter** **Solid** **Liquid** **Gas** ----------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------- Compact & arranged in an orderly manner Close together but not arranged in an orderly manner Far apart & arranged randomly Strong force Moderate force Very minimal force Vibration Sliding past one another Quick Movements Low Energy Moderate Energy High Energy - - - - - - - - - **[- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ]** **\[Pt. 4\] Pure Substance & Mixtures** - - - - - Can be classified into: +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Elements** | **Compounds** | | | | | It is the [simplest form of | It is [composed of two or more | | matter] and is [made | different elements] | | up of only one kind of | that are combined in a fixed | | atom]. | ratio by a chemical reaction. | | | [Can be broken down into simpler | | 118 elements (94 are naturally | forms ] | | occurring; 24 are synthetic | | +===================================+===================================+ | Metals | Organic Compounds | | | | | - | - - | | | | | Non-Metals | Inorganic Compounds | | | | | - | - | | | | | Metalloids or | Ionic Compounds | | | | | Semimetals | - - - | | | | | - | Covalent Compounds | | | | | | - - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ - - - - +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Homogeneous** | **Heterogeneous** | | | | | **Mixture** | **Mixture** | | | | | Also known as | Substances are [not evenly | | [Solution], consists | distributed all | | of [substances that are evenly | throughout] and [can | | distributed] all | be distinguished] | | throughout. | from each other. | | | | | [Two or more substances cannot be | Has [varying | | distinguished] from | composition] and | | each other. [Has uniform | [properties] and [can | | composition and | have two or more | | properties]. | phases]. | +===================================+===================================+ | Solute | Colloids | | | | | - | - | | | | | that is dissolved by another | bigger than those in solution but | | substance | smaller than those in suspension | | | | | Solvent | - | | | | | - | settle at the bottom | | | | | dissolving medium; most abundant | Suspension | | | | | | - | | | | | | large suspended particles that | | | can be seen by the naked eye | | | | | | - | | | | | | settle at the bottom | | | | | | - | | | | | | does not completely dissolve and | | | its particles settle into clumps | | | or layers when left undisturbed | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+