GEEC-104-Chapter-1_Lecture.pdf

GEEC 104 Living in the IT Era Instructor ALEXANDER V. SORIA Faculty Member, General Education Department College of Arts and Sciences DMMMSU-South La Union Campus [email protected] +639 9982932292 OVERVIEW OVERVIEW The advance pac...

GEEC 104 Living in the IT Era Instructor ALEXANDER V. SORIA Faculty Member, General Education Department College of Arts and Sciences DMMMSU-South La Union Campus [email protected] +639 9982932292 OVERVIEW OVERVIEW The advance pace of evolution in technology is very evident in this era. It seems that it is progressing faster than ever. From year to year, the evolution of technology is one of impressive promise and opportunity - as well as uncertainty. Basically, technology has been around before, and as long as there are people, information technology will be there because there were always ways of communicating through technology available at that point in time. OVERVIEW OVERVIEW The future may be unknown, but digital advancement continues to reshape our world in ways that encourage people to form new habits and find new ways to work together. And, in most cases, these changes translate into a range of opportunities and disruptions across every industry. Humans have always been quick to adapt technologies for better and faster communication. History of ICT ICT, or information and communications technology (or technologies), is the infrastructure and components that enable modern computing. Although there is no single, universal definition of ICT, the term is generally accepted to mean all devices, networking components, applications and systems that combined allow people and organizations (i.e., businesses, nonprofit agencies, governments and criminal enterprises) to interact in the digital world. Uses of ICT in Our Daily Lives Communication With the help of ICT it is easier to communicate with our love ones. We can use cellular phones that design for communicating with other people even they are miles away from you. Nowadays people are in touch with the help of ICT. Through chatting, E-mail, voice mail and social networking people communicate with each other. It is the cheapest means of communication.  Job Opportunities In the employment sector, ICT enables organizations to operate more efficiently, so employing staff with ICT skills is vital to the smooth running of any business. Employers expect their staff to have basic ICT skills. This expectation even applies to job roles where ICT skills may not have been an essential requirement in the past. Finding a job is different, you can just use your smart phone, laptop, desktop or any gadgets that is available in the comfort of your home. Education Schools use a diverse set of ICT tools to communicate, create, disseminate, store, and manage information. In some contexts, ICT has also become integral to the teaching and learning interaction, through such approaches as replacing chalkboards with interactive digital whiteboards, using students’ own smartphones or other devices for learning during class time, and the “flipped classroom” model where students watch lectures at home on the computer and use classroom time for more interactive exercises. Socializing Social media has changed the world. The rapid and vast adoption of these technologies is changing how we find partners, how we access information from the news, and how we organize to demand political change. Impacts of ICT in the Society Positive Impacts ü Access to information is way better than before ü Improved access to education ü New tool, new opportunities ü Communication ü Information Management ü Security ü Job Opportunities Negative Impacts JOB LOSS Manual operations being replaced by automation Example: Robots replacing people on an assembly line. Job export Example: Data processing work being sent to other countries where operating costs are lower Multiple workers being replaced by a smaller number who are able to do the same amount of work Example: A worker on a supermarket checkout can serve more customers per hour if a bar-code scanner linked to a computerized till is used to detect goods instead of the worker having to enter the item and price manually Negative Impacts REDUCED PERSONAL INTERACTION Most people need some form of social interaction in their daily lives and if they do not get the chance to meet and talk with other people, they may feel isolated and unhappy. Negative Impacts REDUCED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY This can lead to health problems such as obesity, heart disease, and diabetes. Negative Impacts COST A lot of ICT hardware and software is expensive, both to purchase and to maintain. An ICT system usually requires specialist staff to run it and there is also the challenge of keeping up with ever-changing technology. Negative Impacts COMPETITION This is usually thought of as being a good thing, but for some organizations being exposed to greater competition can be a problem. If the organization is competing for customers, donations, or other means of funding nationally or even internationally, they may lose out to other organizations that can offer the same service for less money. Assessment: Answer the following questions. 1. What is the relevance of ICT in your chosen course? (3-5 sentences) 2. Name at least 5 uses of ICT in your daily lives and explain. 3. Give 5 positive impacts and 5 negative impacts of ICT in the society. Elements of Computer System  ? What is A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data. It also comes with different shapes, forms, and sizes.  Hardware Physical computer equipment used in computer systems. Module I: Fundamentals of Information Technology | Lesson 2: Elements of Computer System  Types of HARDWARE INPUT CENTRAL STORAGE OUTPUT DEVICE PROCESSING DEVICE DEVICE UNIT A piece of The brain and A media used A piece of hardware hardware that heart of the to store data that is used to output is used to enter computer data that has been data previously entered into a computer Module I: Fundamentals of Information Technology | Lesson 2: Elements of Computer System  Software Software are applications and programming instructions that tells your computer what to do. Module I: Fundamentals of Information Technology | Lesson 2: Elements of Computer System 2 TYPES OF SOFTWARE 1 System software Controls the way the computer works and tells what to do 2 Application software A software that you use to do your work, keep in touch with friends and for entertainment 10 Types of Application Software  Module I | Lesson 3: Applications in our day-to-day activities Word Processing Software This tool is used to create letters, word sheets, type papers etc. Example: Microsoft Word  Spreadsheet Software Module I | Lesson 3: Applications in our day-to-day activities A tool used to compute number intensive problems like forecasting, budgeting etc. Example : Microsoft Excel  Module I | Lesson 3: Applications in our day-to-day activities Desktop Publishing Software This tool is used to create illustrative worksheets, banners, newsletters, signs, gift cards etc. Ex: MS Word, MS Publisher, Adobe PageMaker, etc Module I | Lesson 3: Applications in our day-to-day activities Database Database Software Software Used to store data like Used text to store data information, memberships, like text address etc. which helps users to information, sort information memberships, accordingly. address etc. which Ex: MS Access, MySQL helps users to sort  Module I | Lesson 3: Applications in our day-to-day activities Communication Software Allows connected computers to communicate each other using audio, video or chat-based medium. Module I | Lesson 3: Applications in our day-to-day activities Presentation Database Software Software Used to create multimedia stacks of cards/screens Ex: MS PowerPoint, Prezi, Adobe Flash, CapCut, Canva, etc  Module I | Lesson 3: Applications in our day-to-day activities Internet or Web Browsers This tools allows one to surf the web, read their emails and also create web pages. Example: Opera Mini, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Safari Module I | Lesson 3: Applications in our day-to-day activities Database Games Software These apps are ways to Used toorstore entertain data to pass time like text Ex: Solitaire, Mobile information, Legends, Counter Strike, memberships, and many more address etc. which helps users to sort  Module I | Lesson 3: Applications in our day-to-day activities Multimedia Player This software is used to play videos and/or audios Module I | Lesson 3: Applications in our day-to-day activities Graphic and Design Database Software Software It is a program or collection of programs that enable a person to manipulate images or models visually on a computer. Ex: Adobe Photoshop, Canva, CorelDraw, InDesign Implementation of Application Software Desktop Application Mobile Application Web Application Desktop Application It is developed to be used on desktop or laptop computers. Examples are MS Office Suite like MS Word, MS PowerPoint, or MS Excel Mobile Application Generally implemented on mobile devices such as mobile phones and tablets. Examples of these apps are Facebook, Messenger, Instagram, Google docs, and many more. Web Applications Applications that can be accessed via a web browser. These applications are commonly network apps.  Understanding Applications of Computer Networks Standalone Networked Applications can function Applications can only without the necessary function when the computer requirement of connection or device is connected to to a computer network. the network on a machine known as server. Software Licenses Software licenses typically provide end users with the right to one or more copies of the software without violating the copyrights. Types of Software Licenses Proprietary Shareware Freeware Open Source  Proprietary Software This software is not free and bound with 3 Freeware Software A software that is available free of cost. restrictions regarding use, distribution A user can download freeware from the and modification. These are copyrighted internet and use it. software. Shareware Software A commercial software that is 4 Open-Source Software A software that is available to users with distributed free to users, eventually source code. An open source can either either requiring or encouraging users be free of cost or chargeable. to pay for the continued support of the software. You might see shareware in formats that paywall advanced features or offer the full package for a limited time.  Peopleware Anything that has to do with the role of people in the development or use of computer software and hardware systems Module I: Fundamentals of Information Technology | Lesson 2: Elements of Computer System  Types of PEOPLEWARE COMPUTER SYSTEM COMPUTER OPERATORS ADMINISTRATORS PROGRAMMERS Monitor the operation Installs, update, and Those who create of the computers maintains the operating the software system Module I: Fundamentals of Information Technology | Lesson 2: Elements of Computer System Data and Information  DATA Defined as a collection of individual facts or statistics. It comes in the form of text, observations, figures, images, numbers, graphs, or symbols. A raw form of knowledge that doesn’t carry any significance or purpose. In other words, you have to interpret data for it to have meaning. Data can be simple — and may even seem useless until it is analyzed, organized, and interpreted. 2 Types of Data QUANTITATIVE DATA Data is provided in numerical form, like the weight, volume, or cost of an item. QUALITATIVE DATA Data is descriptive, but non-numerical, like the name, sex, or eye color of a person.  INFORMATION Defined as knowledge gained through study, communication, research, or instruction. The result of analyzing and interpreting pieces of data. Whereas data is the individual figures, numbers, or graphs, information is the perception of those pieces of knowledge. For example: A set of data could include temperature readings in a location over several years. Without any additional context, those temperatures have no meaning. However, when you analyze and organize that information, you could determine seasonal temperature patterns or even broader climate trends. Only when the data is organized and compiled in a useful way, it will provide information that is beneficial to others. For example: A set of data could include temperature readings in a location over several years. Without any additional context, those temperatures have no meaning. However, when you analyze and organize that information, you could determine seasonal temperature patterns or even broader climate trends. Only when the data is organized and compiled in a useful way, it will provide information that is beneficial to others.  Methods of converting data into information Sales figures Plot charts and identify trends Market and competition data Find average or typical values Financial performance Present complex data as a chart or graph Production output Monitor changes over time and forecast future values Costs of resources or other inputs Compare figures and identify similarities or differences Staff absences, holidays or sick leave Assess whether a result is significant or occurred by chance Accident records Assess whether one thing is related to another CHARACTERISTICS OF VALUABLE INFORMATION ü Accessible ü Relevant ü Accurate ü Secure ü Complete ü Timely ü Cost effective ü Verifiable ü Flexible  DATA PROCESSING DATA PROCESSING a series of operations on data, especially by a computer, to retrieve, transform, or classify information.  DATA PROCESSING Data processing may involve various processes, including: Validation – Ensuring that supplied data is correct and relevant Sorting – arranging items in some sequence and/or in different sets Summarization– reducing detail data to its main points. Analysis – the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation and presentation of data Reporting – list detail or summary data or computed information Classification – separation of data into various categories. DATA PROCESSING DATA DATA PROCESSING INFORMATION  FORMS OF DATA/ ELECTRONIC DATA DATA REPRESENTED BY Alphanumeric Letters, Numbers, and other Data characters Image Data Graphic images and pictures Audio Data Sound, Noise or Tones Video Data Moving images or pictures  Conclusion We therefore conclude that information age is a period where we shifted from a traditional industry to an economy driven by information technology. ü The use of computer technology has become more powerful in processing, producing, and communicating information. ü The modern era where valuable information plays a major role in political, social, and economic activities, and have become dependent on information and communication technology.