Galka Semester Exam Review PDF

Optional SEMESTER EXAM review Directions: Your semester exam is 15% of your semester grade. Please use the following questions to help you prepare. The best ways you can study are: 1. Review NOTES 2. Watch Bozeman science videos OR Crash Course videos OR Amoeba Sister videos Fill in t...

Optional SEMESTER EXAM review Directions: Your semester exam is 15% of your semester grade. Please use the following questions to help you prepare. The best ways you can study are: 1. Review NOTES 2. Watch Bozeman science videos OR Crash Course videos OR Amoeba Sister videos Fill in the blanks Biomolecule Monomer function Foods that Contain the contain them Atoms… Lipid NONE 1= 2= 3= Carbohydrate 1= 2= Protein 1= 2= 3= Nucleic acid 1= 2= 1. If a secondary consumer died, how much energy would be left for the decomposers? 2. Which mathematical representation is BEST for determining the amount of energy available for the next trophic level. (x = the previous energy level) a. Energy = 0.1 * X b. Energy = X / 10 c. Energy = X * 10 3. Are cells bigger or smaller than biomolecules? 4. What happens to MATTER during photosynthesis? 5. What happens to Energy during photosynthesis?? 6. Where does the matter required to make sugar come from? 7. Where does the energy to make sugar come from? 8. Give an example of an autotroph.: Give an example of a heterotroph. 9. Give an example of matter Give an example of energy 10. How can carbon move from the atmosphere to the biosphere to the lithosphere? 11. Label the arrows in the diagram - double click to edit a. 12. Give an example of a biotic process that released CO2 in to the atmosphere. 13. Give an example of a biotic process that takes CO2 out of the atmosphere. 14. What abiotic process moves carbon from the lithosphere to the atmosphere? 15. Water enters the atmosphere through the biotic process of…. 16. How is nitrogen get released from the biotic part to the abiotic part of an ecosystem 17. List 7 atoms or matter that are cycled. 18. What is food for a plant? 19. What is biodiversity, how does it affect an ecosystem? 20. What things remain constant in an ecosystem regardless of scale? 21. What molecule does the oxygen you are breathing right now come from? 22. Where did the plant get the carbon to make glucose? 23. Where did the plants get the hydrogen to make glucose? 24. Where does the majority of the MASS of a plant come from? 25. What is oxygen used for during cellular respiration? 26. For both photosynthesis and cell resp the 1st steps are used to ____________ the following steps. 27. If chlorophyll were red instead of green, making plants red in appearance, what color of light would you expect to produce the LOWEST rate of photosynthesis?____________________ a. Why? 28. You want to test the effect of light color on the rate of photosynthesis. What would be your… a. Independent variable:__________________ b. Dependent variable:________________________ 29. Students in Mr. Mohn's 8th hour class performed an experiment to investigate the effect of light on cellular respiration using yeast and fruit juice. The results are above: what do they tell you? 30. What type of organisms can do photosynthesis? 31. What type of organisms can do Aerobic respiration? 32. What type of organisms can do Anaerobic respiration? 33. What type of organisms have chloroplast? 34. What type of organisms have mitochondria? 35. What type of organisms have cytoplasm? 36. The products from photosynthesis become the ____________________ for cellular respiration. 37. You have a cell that requires a LOT of energy. Which organelle do you expect to find a lot of in this cell? 38. Why would it be hard to find the ideal light intensity for photosynthesis if the temperature were very HOT or very COLD 39. Can Oxygen ever be a limiting resource for PHOTOSYNTHESIS? 40. Why would there be a low oxygen production under green light? 41. Why can we use oxygen production as a measure of the rate of photosynthesis? 42. Suppose you were a farmer trying to grow plants in a greenhouse. Why would it be important to know what the limiting factor is? 43. A tree is pulled up from the ground and massed. Then the same tree is put into a CLOSED container then that tree is burned… How did the total number of atoms in the system (closed container) change? 44. A disease that attacks and destroys lung tissue would most likely affect the entire body because it could interfere with a. Aerobic respiration in the cells. c. glycolysis in the cells. b. photosynthesis in the cells. d. anaerobic respiration in the cells. 45. What is the dark reaction in photosynthesis limiting reactant (if you don’t have it the reaction stops) a. CO2 c. Glucose b. water d. Oxygen 46. Water vapor, O2 and CO2 enters and exits a leaf through the a. Stomata c. Cytosol b. Thylakoids d. Stroma 47. The by- product or waste product of photosynthesis is: a. Carbon Dioxide c. Carbohydrate b. Glucose d. Oxygen 48. All of the following are sources of energy for animals during exercise EXCEPT a. stored ATP b. alcoholic fermentation c. lactic acid fermentation d. cellular respiration 49. Based on the equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration describe what is happening to the matter (atoms). 50. Based on the equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration describe what is happening to the energy.  51. for the image right, what does each letter represent? a. b. c. d. e. f. g. Draw a ROUGH graph for how the rate of photosynthesis would be affected by the color/wavelength of light that strikes the leaves, and temperature. (You can edit the drawing to add the line for each graph by double clicking on the graph) 52. List two reasons why the rate of photosynthesis would be low at high temperatures. 53. Do plants use the O2 they produce during photosynthesis or is it all released as a waste product?_____ a. If they do use it… for what?_________________________________________________ 54. autotrophs get their mass from ______________ 55. heterotrophs get their mass from__________ 56. fungi get their mass from__________________ 57. Identify the following for EACH organism Autotrophic or heterotrophic (A or H) Producer (P) or Consumer number level (ex C1) Herbivore, carnivore, omnivore decomposer, (abbreviate) Draw anything that might be missing from this food web. Wastes and dead organisms must be broken down in order for their components to be used again. What would happen if decomposition did not occur? The arrows in a food web represent?  58. What type of molecules ends in –ase? _____________________ a. What is their function? ______________________________________________________ 59. What type of molecules end in –ose?_____________________ a. What is their function? Photosynthesis: Sun Energy + 6H2O + 6CO2 ----------> C6H12O6+ 6O2 Cellular Respiration: 60. Circle the products. C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6H2O + 6 CO2 61. Square are the reactants. 69. Circle the products. 62. How many carbon on the product side_________ 70. Square are the reactants. 63. How many hydrogen on the product side________ 71. How many carbon on the product side_________ 64. How many oxygen on the product side_________ 72. How many hydrogen on the product side________ 65. How many carbon on the reactant side__________ 73. How many oxygen on the product side_________ 66. How many hydrogen on the reactant side________ 74. How many carbon on the reactant side__________ 67. How many oxygen on the reactant side_________ 75. How many hydrogen on the reactant side________ 68. Is this chemical equation exothermic or endothermic? 76. How many oxygen on the reactant side_________ 77. Is this chemical equation exothermic or endothermic? 78. Which line in the graph represents a reaction WITH an enzyme? 79. What is the difference between the STROMA and the STROMATA? 80. Why are plants green? 81. Why are photosynthesis and cellular respiration dependent on one another? 82. What is the universal energy currency for ALL CELLS? 83. Enzymes speed up _________________ __________________ by lowering __________________ _______________ and are NOT changed in the process (meaning they are reusable) 84. What is activation energy? _____________________________________________________________ 85. Cellular respiration and photosynthesis create a cycle because the _________________ of photosynthesis are the _________________ in cellular respiration and vice versa. 86. What can denature a protein? 87. Based on the following pH values identify each as neutral, acid, base. a. Water pH 7= _________ b. Lemon Juice pH 2=____________ c. Bleach pH 12=______________ 88. Proteins are just long chains of ______________ _______________ folded together 89. Why is shape important for a protein? _____________________________________________________________ 90. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere enters the biotic parts of the biosphere through ____________________ 91. Water enters the atmosphere through the biotic process of ___________________________________. 92. Nitrogen is released to the abiotic parts of the biosphere from the processes of death and __________________. 93. Plants do cellular respiration. What organelle do plant cells have that allows them to do cellular respiration?_____ 94. Plants and Animals both require sugar to make energy (ATP) for their bodies to function. What is the name of the process that uses sugar and oxygen to make energy?______________________________________ 95. The bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons is called a____________________________ 96. When an organism dies, the matter in its body…. 97. A black bear ate a fish. This fish happened to be a tuna that ate a smaller fish. The smaller fish ate algae. What trophic level is the black bear?____________________________ 98. A black bear ate a fish. This fish happened to be a tuna that ate a smaller fish. The smaller fish ate algae. What trophic level is the tuna?_________________________________ 99. A black bear ate a fish. This fish happened to be a tuna that ate a smaller fish. The smaller fish ate algae. What trophic level is the algae?______________________ 100. A black bear normally eats many different types of food. When the black bear eats berries, what trophic level is the bear?_________________________ 101. Which cells in a plant would have the MOST chloroplast 102. Which cells in an animal would have the MOST mitochondria ___________________________ 103. You lose 5 pounds on a new diet. How does the mass: the carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen from your fat get out of your body? 104. You gain 5 pounds from eating too much junk food. Where did you get the hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon you use to build the fat? 105. The point of photosynthesis is too… 106. The point of cellular respiration is too… 107. Which statement best expresses the information represented in the graph shown below? a. The action of enzymes varies with pH. b. A pH of 7 provides the optimum environment for gastric digestive enzymes c. Gastric juice is active at a pH extending from 0 to 12. d. Acids have a pH greater than 7. 108. Does matter need to be recycled? Explain why or why not. 109. Can energy be recycled? Why or why not. 110. Where in a food web is there the most stored energy? a. Where in a food web is the majority of the matter? 111. Which trophic level has the most stored energy? a. Which trophic level has the majority of the matter? 112. How photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy. (this is simpler than you think) 113. Where does the energy in glucose come from ORIGINALLY?  114. What is an ion? 115. What is an isotope? 116. How many protons, electrons and neutrons does N have? 117. How many protons, electrons and neutrons does Be have? 118. The picture to the right represents what type of bond? e. Covalent f. Ionic g. Hydrogen h. Physical a. Carbon Cycle c. Phosphorous Cycle b. Water Cycle d. Nitrogen Cycle 119. This cycle(s) is directly related to photosynthesis. 120. Bacteria must convert a gas from the air to a usable form in this cycle. 121. This cycle involves evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and transpiration. 122. All organisms require this cycle because it is directly related to the production of ATP. 123. Which cycle is directly related to the atom of life. 124. Which 2 cycles are directly related to BOTH cellular respiration and photosynthesis. 125. If an eagle eats a mouse that eats some berries, the eagle is a…. 126. In an energy pyramid, which level has the most available energy? 127. Decomposers are required in ALL cycling of nutrients. True. False 128. Which of the following are ways that carbon is released into the atmosphere (select ALL that apply) a. Respiration c. Combustion b. Photosynthesis d. Decay e. Fossil formation 129. We get atoms from the sun. True. False 130. An example of biotic cycling of matter would be… a. Volcanic eruptions c. Photosynthesis and cell respiration b. Burning of fossil fuels d. Leaching of soil 131. How does our use of carbon stores (fossil fuels) affect the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere? 132. In the food chain identify the consumer level, feeder type, trophic level 133. Which one of the following explains why there is a decrease in energy through the trophic levels in an ecosystem? A. The energy is destroyed as organisms use it. B. Energy is lost as organisms grow older over time. C. There is an increase in the number of individuals as trophic levels increase. D. Energy is lost from the processes of respiration and metabolism. 134. Which statement illustrates a biotic factor interacting with an abiotic factor? B. A sea turtle transporting a pilot fish to a source of food. C. A rock moving during an earthquake. D. A plant absorbs sunlight, which is used for photosynthesis. E. Wind causes waves to form on a lake. 1. What are the key characteristics of science? 2. Be able to distinguish between natural things and supernatural things. 3. GIve an example of each component of the scientific method. 4. Be able to define prefixes and suffixes we went over in class. 5. Be able to distinguish between observations and inferences 6. GO back and look at some graphs we have done over the semester - be sure you can identify the independent and dependent variables and know how to read the graphs for understanding. Be sure you can identify exponential and logistic growth and Carry capacity of a population. 7. Mario studied how far room temperature water would spurt out of a plastic milk carton when 3mm holes were punched at different heights from the bottom of the container. Identify the variables. 8. Be able to identify the difference between law, theory, and hypothesis. 9. Poor source of information will have the following... 10. Identify biotic vs abiotic factors. 11. Identify areas of high biodiversity. 12. Using the image be able to identify the consumer level, feeder types, which are autotrophs or heterotrophs, and trophic levels for each organism. 13. Be able to identify the differences between K type life history organisms and r type life history organisms. 14. Know how to identify density dependent limiting factors and density independent limiting factors.  15. Be able to identify a niche vs a habitat. 16. Be able to identify types of succession. 17. Be able to identify types of symbiosis. 18. What are the levels of organization for an ecosystem?? 19. Be able to identify threats to biodiversity. 20. Calculate the subatomic particles for the atom above. 21. Be able to count the number of atoms on the products or reactants side of a chemical reaction. 22. Be able to identify the 3 different types of bonds we talked about in class. 23. Know the functions for each biomolecule, be able to match an example to which type of biomolecules it best represents, and what atoms make up each biomolecule. 24. Be able to identify the properties of enzymes. 25. Be able to identify things as matter or energy. 26. Know what happens to the atoms during cell respiration and photosynthesis, for example the oxygen you are breathing right now was pulled from what molecules during photosynthesis. 27. Identify what factors would increase or decrease the rate of photosynthesis. 28. Know which organelle (chloroplast or mitochondria) are responsible for what jobs/functions. 29. Know the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration and when and why humans would do each. 30. Be familiar with how matter is cycled in an ecosystem - for example how does carbon get into the atmosphere or removed from the atmosphere 31. Why are biogeochemical cycles important? 32. How do organisms gain mass? How do organisms lose mass? 33. Be able to calculate how much energy would be available at each trophic level. Know the following vocab terms ○ Biosphere ○ Symbiosis ○ Habitat ○ Ecosystem ○ Competition ○ Niche ○ Community ○ Predation ○ Species abundance ○ Population ○ Mutualism ○ Primary succession ○ Organism ○ Parasitism ○ Secondary succession ○ Abiotic ○ Herbivore ○ r species or r life ○ Biotic ○ Carnivore strategist ○ Trophic ○ Omnivore ○ k species or k life ○ Biodiversity ○ Producer strategist ○ Species richness ○ Autotroph ○ carrying capacity (k) ○ resilience ○ Heterotroph ○ exponential growth ○ Commensalism ○ Consumer ○ logistic growth 1. When you exercise your heart rate increases… WHY (use scientific vocabulary) a. Could tiger’s cells survive off lactic acid fermentation alone? WHY OR WHY NOT?? 2. Explain how you are solar powered.  a. What can increase or decrease the rate of photosynthesis? WHY? 3. What does the phrase “you are what you eat” mean? Explain it as if you were talking to an elementary student. a. Where does the mass of a plant come from? Use evidence to explain how we know where the mass of a plant comes from. b. How do organisms LOSE mass? Use evidence to explain. 4. Draw, label, and explain a trophic pyramid, explain why it is in the shape of a pyramid. Be specific and use scientific vocabulary. 5. Define biodiversity and ecosystem. Then explain how biodiversity affects an ecosystem and WHY it affects it this way. a. What types of things in an ecosystem remain constant regardless of scale? Explain why they remain constant. b. Describe 3 symbiotic relationships with examples. 6. Draw a model of photosynthesis OR cell respiration. Showing the steps, where each step occurs, what goes into each step and what comes out of each step. 7. Give one example of how Carbon atoms are cycled with a diagram. (make sure to explain your diagram in sentences) a. Does matter need to be recycled? Explain why or why not. b. Explain why CO2 levels in the atmosphere are HIGHER in the fall and winter and LOWER in the summer and spring. c. How does our use of carbon stores (fossil fuels) affect the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere? 8. Plants and animals are part of all of the nutrient cycles through the foods they eat and what eats them (food chains and food webs). Name the four classes of organic compounds (containing carbon) and explain how the carbon cycle and nitrogen cycle contribute to the usable supplies of these macromolecules. 9. Thanos from the Marvel universe used the infinity stones to snap away half the population of every living thing everywhere to reduce the strain on the universe's supply of resources. Why does his plan, according to what you have learned about matter and energy throughout this semester, not make ANY SENSE what-so-ever.