Biomolecules and Energy Flow Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

  • Hormonal regulation
  • Structural support in cells
  • Genetic information storage
  • Energy storage and supply (correct)

Which of the following best describes the energy available for the next trophic level if a secondary consumer has 100 units of energy?

  • 10 units (correct)
  • 50 units
  • 1 unit
  • 1000 units

How does carbon typically move from the atmosphere to living organisms?

  • Through photosynthesis (correct)
  • Through decomposition
  • Through combustion
  • Through respiration

What would be an example of an autotroph?

<p>A sunflower (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes takes carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere?

<p>Photosynthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the size comparison between cells and biomolecules?

<p>Cells are larger than biomolecules. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to energy during photosynthesis?

<p>Energy is converted. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which abiotic process moves carbon from the lithosphere to the atmosphere?

<p>Combustion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of molecules typically end in -ose?

<p>Carbohydrates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the products formed in the cellular respiration equation C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6H2O + 6CO2?

<p>6H2O and 6CO2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many carbon atoms are found on the product side of the cellular respiration equation?

<p>6 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the universal energy currency for all cells?

<p>ATP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the energy required to initiate a chemical reaction?

<p>Activation energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which processes create a cycle involving the products of one serving as the reactants of the other?

<p>Photosynthesis and cellular respiration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might denature a protein?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

<p>To speed up reactions by lowering activation energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is plant mass primarily gained during its growth process?

<p>Through the uptake of carbon dioxide during photosynthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a trophic pyramid, why does the mass of organisms decrease as one moves up the levels?

<p>Because energy is lost as heat at each level (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines biodiversity in an ecosystem?

<p>The number of different species in an area (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best explains why CO2 levels are higher in the fall and winter months?

<p>Decreased photosynthetic activity and plant respiration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What biotic process allows water to enter the atmosphere?

<p>Transpiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do symbiotic relationships affect ecosystems?

<p>They can stabilize or destabilize populations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process releases nitrogen to the abiotic parts of the biosphere?

<p>Decomposition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What organelle allows plant cells to perform cellular respiration?

<p>Mitochondria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process that uses sugar and oxygen to produce energy in cells?

<p>Cellular respiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What trophic level is represented by a black bear that eats a fish?

<p>Secondary consumer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the point of photosynthesis?

<p>To store energy in the form of glucose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where in a food web is the most stored energy found?

<p>At the primary producer level (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in an animal would contain the most mitochondria?

<p>Muscle cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the energy in glucose originally come from?

<p>The sun (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bond is represented in the picture mentioned?

<p>Covalent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cycle is directly related to the atom of life?

<p>Carbon Cycle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two cycles are directly related to both cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

<p>Carbon Cycle and Nitrogen Cycle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods releases carbon into the atmosphere? (Select all that apply)

<p>Respiration (A), Decay (C), Combustion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What explains why energy decreases through the trophic levels in an ecosystem?

<p>Energy is lost from the processes of respiration and metabolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are decomposers required in all cycles of nutrient cycling?

<p>Yes, they are essential for nutrient recycling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes an example of biotic cycling of matter?

<p>Photosynthesis and cell respiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which example correctly illustrates a biotic factor interacting with an abiotic factor?

<p>A sea turtle transporting a pilot fish to a source of food. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?

<p>A hypothesis is a proposed explanation, whereas a theory is a well-substantiated explanation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following identifies a key characteristic of science?

<p>It uses the scientific method to test ideas. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario represents a density independent limiting factor?

<p>A sudden forest fire eliminates certain species in an area. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between K-type and r-type organisms?

<p>K-type organisms typically have longer lifespans and fewer offspring. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can a niche be defined in an ecosystem?

<p>As the role an organism plays within its ecosystem. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a food chain, which of the following represents a heterotroph?

<p>A predator that hunts herbivores. (A), A decomposer breaking down organic material. (B), A primary consumer eating plants. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an abiotic factor affecting an ecosystem?

<p>The temperature of a lake. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Transpiration

The process by which water vapor is released from plants into the atmosphere.

Decomposition

Decomposition of organic matter by bacteria and fungi.

Mitochondria

The powerhouse of the cell, where cellular respiration occurs.

Cellular Respiration

The process that uses sugar and oxygen to produce energy in the form of ATP.

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Covalent bond

A chemical bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons.

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What trophic level is the black bear?

The black bear is the top predator in this food chain.

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What trophic level is the tuna?

The tuna is a secondary consumer in the food web.

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What trophic level is the algae?

The algae are the producers in this food chain.

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What are lipids?

Lipids are a diverse group of organic compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents. They serve various functions in living organisms, including energy storage, insulation, protection, and cell signaling.

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What are carbohydrates?

Carbohydrates are organic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, typically in a ratio of 1:2:1. They are the primary source of energy for living organisms and play structural roles in plants and animals.

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What are proteins?

Proteins are complex organic molecules made up of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. They perform a wide range of functions in cells, including catalysis, transport, structure, and defense.

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What are nucleic acids?

Nucleic acids are complex polymers made up of nucleotides. They are responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information in living organisms. DNA contains the genetic blueprint, while RNA plays a crucial role in protein synthesis.

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What is the 10% rule?

The energy available to the next trophic level is only about 10% of the energy from the previous level. This is because most energy is lost as heat during metabolic processes.

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Are cells bigger or smaller than biomolecules?

Cells are the fundamental units of life, and they are much smaller than biomolecules. This is because cells are made up of many different biomolecules working together.

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What happens to matter during photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and some algae use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (sugar) and oxygen. Matter is used and transformed.

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What happens to energy during photosynthesis?

Plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (sugar) and oxygen. Energy is transformed from light to chemical energy in the bonds of sugar

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What type of molecules end in –ose?

Sugars, carbohydrates, or saccharides are organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, typically with a hydrogen-to-oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water).

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What is the function of photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll.

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What are products in a chemical reaction?

The products of a chemical reaction are the substances that are formed as a result of the reaction. They are found on the right side of the chemical equation.

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What are reactants in a chemical reaction?

The reactants in a chemical reaction are the substances that are consumed during the reaction. They are found on the left side of the chemical equation.

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What is activation energy?

The activation energy of a chemical reaction is the minimum amount of energy that the reacting molecules must possess in order to undergo a particular chemical transformation.

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What is an enzyme?

A molecule that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed (and can be reused).

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What is cellular respiration?

The process used by organisms to break down food molecules, releasing energy in the form of ATP. It occurs in the mitochondria of cells.

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What is ATP?

The universal energy currency for all cells; a molecule used to transfer and store energy within cells.

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Photosynthesis

The process by which plants convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy stored in the bonds of glucose molecules.

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Where does the energy in glucose come from?

The original source of energy in glucose is the sun.

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What is an ion?

An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge due to the gain or loss of electrons.

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What is an isotope?

Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

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How many protons, electrons and neutrons does N have?

Nitrogen (N) has 7 protons, 7 electrons, and 7 neutrons.

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How many protons, electrons and neutrons does Be have?

Beryllium (Be) has 4 protons, 4 electrons, and 5 neutrons.

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What type of bond is represented in the picture?

A covalent bond is a chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons.

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Are Decomposers Required in ALL Cycling of Nutrients?

Decomposers are essential for nutrient cycling because they break down dead organisms and waste, releasing nutrients back into the environment.

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What is photosynthesis?

The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose (sugar) and oxygen. It is a crucial process for life on Earth, as it produces the food and oxygen that most organisms need to survive.

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What is a trophic pyramid?

A pyramid-shaped diagram that shows the flow of energy and matter through an ecosystem. The base of the pyramid represents producers, while higher levels represent consumers. It is in the shape of a pyramid because energy is lost at each level, resulting in less energy available to higher trophic levels.

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What is biodiversity?

The variety of life on Earth, encompassing the diversity of species, ecosystems, and genetic information. It plays a vital role in maintaining healthy and resilient ecosystems.

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What is an ecosystem?

A community of organisms that interact with each other and their physical environment. It is a complex system that relies on the interconnectedness of its components.

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Testable

A characteristic of science that is based on evidence acquired through observation and/or experimentation. It can be checked by others to validate it.

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Independent Variable

A factor that is changed by the researcher in an experiment. It is the "cause" being tested.

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Dependent Variable

A factor that is measured in an experiment to determine the outcome. It is the "effect" that is being observed.

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Scientific Theory

A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, supported by a large body of evidence from multiple sources.

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Scientific Law

A description of a natural phenomenon, based on repeated observations and experiments. It is a statement of what will happen under certain conditions.

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Hypothesis

A testable prediction about the relationship between two or more variables. It is a proposed explanation that needs to be tested.

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Biotic Factors

Living organisms, including plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and protists.

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Abiotic Factors

Non-living components of an environment, such as water, air, temperature, sunlight, rocks, and soil.

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Study Notes

Biomolecules

  • Lipids have no monomer
  • Carbohydrates monomer is 1=
  • Protein monomer is 1=
  • Nucleic acid monomer is 1=

Energy Flow

  • Secondary consumer death leaves energy for decomposers
  • Energy at a trophic level is 10% of the previous level (energy = X/10)

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

  • Matter is rearranged during photosynthesis
  • Energy changes form during photosynthesis
  • Autotrophs produce their own food
  • Heterotrophs consume other organisms for food

Other

  • Cells are bigger than biomolecules
  • Matter required for sugar production comes from external sources
  • Energy for sugar production comes from the sun
  • Examples of autotrophs and heterotrophs are needed for further study
  • Independent and dependent variables are critical for experimentation.

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Description

Test your knowledge on biomolecules, energy flow in ecosystems, and the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. This quiz covers essential concepts such as the monomers of biomolecules, the energy transfer between trophic levels, and the roles of autotrophs and heterotrophs. Get ready to apply your understanding of these fundamental biological principles!

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