Mughal Empire Notes PDF

The Mughal Empire Patterns, 516-523 The Mughal Empire Key Terms ○ Babur ○ Akbar the Great ○ Todar Mal ○ Urdu ○ Tulsi Das ○ Jahangir ○ Sikhs ○ Shah Jahan ○ Taj Mahal ○ Aurangzeb Reli...

The Mughal Empire Patterns, 516-523 The Mughal Empire Key Terms ○ Babur ○ Akbar the Great ○ Todar Mal ○ Urdu ○ Tulsi Das ○ Jahangir ○ Sikhs ○ Shah Jahan ○ Taj Mahal ○ Aurangzeb Religious and linguistic diversity Mughal ruled India prior to British colonialism Empires based on hydraulic systems Babur (founder of the Mughal Empire) ○ Led the first muslim control over India ○ Claimed descent from Chengis Khan ○ Conquered Deli in the early 1500s, leading to a powerfu muslim empire Akbhar the Great 1556-1605 ○ Empire reaches its height (golden age) with Akbhar the Great ○ Gunpower-based empire ○ Challenge was how to run a society with a lot of diversity ○ Akhbar was tolerant and flexible compared to othe rulers Allowed Hindus into his army and was open to foreignors to keep their native religions Could occupy leadership roles Allowed Hindus to build temples ○ Eliminated the Jizhus (tax on non-muslims) ○ Establish a new system with finance minister (graduated income tax dependent on wealth) Empire thrived because peasants were better treated Led to an openness of different cultures ○ Hindi becomes a literary language (written) Ramayana is translated into Hindi ○ Art is flourishing Humayan’s Tomb ○ Emphasized on geometric patterns Arabesque ○ Mughal Carpets  Jahanger was Akbhar’s son ○ Was oppressive towards Sikhism and persecuted them Shah Jahan was Jahanger’s son ○ Created the Taj Mahal ○ Tax the peasents heavily and the empire was in debt Aurangzeb was Shah Jahan’s son (1658-1707) ○ Was ruthless, did not let Hindus join the army ○ Reistablished the Jizhus (made it difficult for the Hindus to practice their pilgrimage) Led to the Rajubs (Hindu princess) and Sikhs to rebel against the empire ○ Aurangzeb defeats the rebellion, but gained amass debt -> at the end of his term, more than 2 million individuals died of famine By the 1700s, the Mughal Empire began to split, and the region fragments -> led to rajas and kings taking over smaller portions of India ○ British take advantage through the East India Company and ruled India direct or indirectly ○ Worked with the princes against the Mughals (due to past conflicts -> negative attitudes) Prompt: Religious diversity 1. How was the Mughal Empire beneficial to India? 2. How to govern a diverse society? Argument: 1. While the empire thrived under Akbhar, because he was tolerant, the empire declined under its successecor, like aurangezab do to their intolerant policies Evaluation: 1. How was the Mug Kameron Key terms: Babur, Akbar the Great, Todar Mal, Urdu, Tulsi Das, Jahangir, Sikhs, Shah jahan, Taj mahal, Aurangzeb Mughal Empire - Ruled India prior to british colonialism - Hydraulic society in India before the Mughal Empire (Indus river valley civilization) - Sugar Cane, etc. - Hinduism evolves - Mughal empire were the first muslim control over most of India - Babur - founder of the Mughal Empire - From north India (uzbekistan) - Mughal means Mongol - Babur claimed descendants from Genghis Khan - Representative of a monotheistic religion  - Conquered Delhi in early 1500s laying the foundation for a powerful muslim empire - Akbar the great (1556-1605): - Mughal empire reaches its peak and golden age under this person/ruler - Ruled form 1556 to 1605 - Developed gunpowder technology (cannons) - Liked the ottomans and safavids, mughals were a gunpowder empire - How do you run a society with so much diversity like the mughal empire? - Akbar compared to his successors was tolerant and flexible - Even though he was muslim, he allowed hindus into his army and let them occupy leadership roles into his government - Allowed people to keep their native religions and open to foreigners - Abolishes the jizya tax and one of his finance hindi ministers (Todor mal) came up with a revolutionary constant (graduated income tax) - Hindi becomes a literary language (ramayana translated into hindi) - Flourishing arts that blends two styles - Humayan’s tomb uses arabesque - Mughal carpets - Jahangir (akbar’s son) - Oppressed sikhism and persecuted them - Shah Jahan (jahangir’s son) - The Taj Mahal was created under him - Lavish spender - Had to tax peasants heavily - Puts empire in debt - Aurangzeb (shah jahan’s son) - 1658 to 1707 - Instituted strict muslim law on the empire - Didn’t allow hindus to build temples - Morality police - No hindus in administration - Re-imposed taxes on hindus and pilgrims - Rajputs (hindu princes) and Sikhs also rebelled - Aurangzeb defeated these rebellions but bankrupts the empire - 2 million people had died of famine - By 1700s, mughals were weak - Mughal empire fragments and british take advantage - British east india company first colonized bengali and spread to the rest of India - In the mid 1800s, all of india was under direct or indirect british rule - Some Rajputs worked with the British because they hated the Mughals Prompt: - How was the Mughal empire influenced by previous empires/cultures? - How to govern a diverse society? - How did Mughals rule their empire? Argument: - While the empire thrived under Akbar because he was tolerant, the empire declined under his successors like Aurangzeb due to their intolerant policies. Evaluation: