Ancient Civilizations in Insular Southeast Asia PDF

LOGO COMPANY “Imagine living in a time when islands were connected not by roads but by vast seas. Your boat was not just a mode of transportation but a gateway to distant lands, cultures, and treasures. What would your life have been like?”  Ancient Civilizations in Insular Southeast Asia ...

LOGO COMPANY “Imagine living in a time when islands were connected not by roads but by vast seas. Your boat was not just a mode of transportation but a gateway to distant lands, cultures, and treasures. What would your life have been like?”  Ancient Civilizations in Insular Southeast Asia  LOGO COMPANY Introduction There were three powerful empires established in Insular Southeast. Srivijaya and Majapahit formed in the present- day Indonesia, the largest archipelago in the world.  LOGO COMPANY Whereas Malacca was established in present day Malaysia.  LOGO COMPANY The Srivijaya in the 7th Century The word Srivijaya is derived from the Sanskrit word meaning “Great Victory” or “Great Conquest.”  LOGO COMPANY Meanwhile, the Chinese writer called Srivijaya as Jinzhou which means “Golden District”or “Golden Beach” because the kingdom was rich in gold.  LOGO COMPANY The coast of Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, West Kalimantan and West Java became part of the Kingdom of Srivijaya during its reign.  LOGO COMPANY The Madjapahit in the 13th Century The Madjapahit Empire was founded by the Kediri who came from the island of Java.  LOGO COMPANY The Kediris began to expand territorially in 1293 by conquering territories that had previously belonged to Srivijaya and other small kingdoms.  LOGO COMPANY The conquered territories paid tribute to the Madjapahit Empire. The fame of Madjapahit also spread to the Malay Peninsula.  LOGO COMPANY The kingdom reached its golden age under the rule of Gaja Moda. However, piracy spread to Singapore, Malacca, Aceh, Madura and Penang challenged Madjapahit power in the late 15th century.  LOGO COMPANY Ships passing through Malacca were not exempted from the pirates. Apart from piracy, the arrival of Islam in Southeast also challenged the power of Madjapahit and caused the eventual fall of the kingdom.  LOGO COMPANY It was the Javanese who accepted the Islamic religion who overthrew Madjapahit.  LOGO COMPANY The Muslim Javanese succeeded in seizing the capital of Madjapahit in 1528 which caused the royal family to leave and go to Bali. The Malacca in the 15th Century  LOGO COMPANY Malacca became a trade center in the 15th century due to the fact that trade products coming from not only Southeast Asian region but also other regions in  LOGO COMPANY Spices such as nutmeg from the Banda Islands, pepper from Sumatra and western Java, cloves from the Moluccas, camphor and gold from Sumatra and sandalwood from Timor are brought to the port of Molucca.  LOGO COMPANY On the other hand, merchant ships from India also dock at Malacca. It carries different types of cloth such as Bengal cloth, and Cambay cloth.  LOGO COMPANY There was also opium from Arabia, wool, hats, glass beads, and metal tools from the Mediterranean. Meanwhile products from China such as silk, satin, damask, brocade, porcelain, pearls and silver are also brought to Malacca.  LOGO COMPANY The trading activities in the port of Malacca prove that it became a trading center. Whoever controls the Strait of Malacca has a monopoly on trade between Southeast Asia, India, China, Arabia and Europe.  LOGO COMPANY The Muslims established a strong base in Malacca. Because of this, the spread of Islam was successful throughout the Malay Peninsula, islands in Indonesia, and even in the southern  LOGO COMPANY The Sailendras At the height of the Sailendras’ power, its most prominent rulers in central Java were the Sailendras.  LOGO COMPANY Sailendras is derived from the sanskrit word meaning King of the Mountains. The Moluccas are the origin of cloves and pepper. Also, the Kediri people are close to the Banda Islands where nutmeg is found.  LOGO COMPANY The port of Kediri weakened around the middle of the 13th century when it was attacked by the Mongols who destroyed the Javanese government.  LOGO COMPANY Relationship of the Philippines with ancient civilizations in Southeast Asia The Philippines has early ties to ancient civilizations, empires or kingdoms in Southeast Asia. The Philippines’ relationship with Southeast Asia was established through the use of trade.  LOGO COMPANY “Pagnganganga” is an old Austronesian tradition. They usually do this with the concept of socializing. They perform “nganga” if they have a guest  LOGO COMPANY It is an insult to a guest when the owner of the house does not offer him a “nganga.”  LOGO COMPANY Relationship of civilizations in Southeast Asia with the Chinese and Indian civilizations China and India are countries where the earliest civilizations emerged in Asia and around the world. These are the Indus civilization and the Shang civilization in India and in China, respectively.  LOGO COMPANY These civilizations had a relationship with the civilizations in Southeast Asia that can be traced in the field of architecture, infrastructure, religion, literature, and others.  LOGO COMPANY For a long time, Indians and Chinese traded along the coasts of Burma (now Myanmar), Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, and even Philippines.  LOGO COMPANY India describes Southeast Asia as “suvarnabhumi” which means “land of gold.” Trade and the spread of Hinduism were the key to India’s relations with Southeast Asian countries such as Burma, Thailand, Indochina Peninsula, Malaysia, and Indonesia.  LOGO COMPANY This relationship was not “one- way traffic,” Southeast Asians, particularly the Malays, also sailed westward toward to the Bay of Bengal.  LOGO COMPANY The decline of Buddhism in India at the end of the 12th century and the fall of the political power of the Hindus due to the arrival of the Muslims caused the decline of India’s influence in Southeast Asia.  LOGO COMPANY Similar to India, China’s relationship with Southeast Asian civilizations was also formed through trade and commerce.  LOGO COMPANY During the Shang period, the Chinese believed that China was the center of the world or considered the “middle kingdom.”  LOGO COMPANY During the Zhou dynasty, the Chinese traded various products such as ivory, pearls, bird feathers and others.  LOGO COMPANY However, products in Malay merchant ships were limited. Meanwhile, at the end of the Han dynasty, Chinese interaction with Southeast Asia increased.  LOGO COMPANY Trade flourished on China’s insular trade routes between 2nd and 15th centuries. This trade route connects China, India, Arabian Peninsula, Africa to Europe.  LOGO COMPANY Formative Assessment: Arrange the events in order. Use numbers 1 to 5 to arrange it. a.Beginning of the strengthening of Srivijaya’s naval forces in Southeast Asia. b.Expansion of the territories of the Kediris. c.Increased piracy in Malacca, Singapore, Madura, Penang and Aceh. d.The port in Malacca became a center of trade. e.Mongol invasion of Majapahit.  LOGO COMPANY How did the ancient civilizations in Insular Southeast Asia establish relationships with the other civilizations in Asia?