Ancient Civilizations in Southeast Asia

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Questions and Answers

What does the term Srivijaya translate to from Sanskrit?

Island Kingdom

Great Victory (correct)

Golden Beach

Golden Era

Which territory was NOT part of the Kingdom of Srivijaya during its reign?

Java (correct)

Sumatra

West Kalimantan

Coast of Malay Peninsula

What factor contributed to the decline of the Madjapahit Empire?

Natural disasters

Piracy and the spread of Islam (correct)

Territorial disputes within Java

Economic isolation

Who founded the Majapahit Empire?

The Kediri from Java Signup and view all the answers

During which century did the Srivijaya Empire reach prominence?

7th Century Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the Javanese accepting Islam?

Overthrow of Madjapahit Signup and view all the answers

What was a major challenge faced by the Madjapahit Empire in the late 15th century?

Piracy Signup and view all the answers

Which area did the Madjapahit Empire expand into by 1293?

Srivijaya territories Signup and view all the answers

What does 'suvarnabhumi' refer to in the context of India's relationship with Southeast Asia?

Land of gold Signup and view all the answers

What was one significant impact on Southeast Asia caused by the decline of Buddhism in India?

Decrease in Indian influence Signup and view all the answers

During which dynasty did Chinese interaction with Southeast Asia significantly increase?

Han Signup and view all the answers

Which products did Chinese traders primarily export during the Zhou dynasty?

Ivory, pearls, and bird feathers Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary means of relationship between India and Southeast Asia?

Trade and the spread of Hinduism Signup and view all the answers

How did Southeast Asians, particularly the Malays, contribute to the trading relationships with India?

By sailing westward to the Bay of Bengal Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributed to the flourishing of trade on China’s insular trade routes?

Connections with Europe and Africa Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the relationship of civilizations in Southeast Asia with Chinese and Indian civilizations?

It involved reciprocal trade and cultural exchanges. Signup and view all the answers

What type of cloths were brought to Malacca by merchant ships from India?

Bengal and Cambay cloth Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following products was NOT brought to Malacca?

Rice from India Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of controlling the Strait of Malacca?

Dominance in Southeast Asian trade Signup and view all the answers

The term 'Sailendras' is derived from which language?

Sanskrit Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a reason for the weakening of the port of Kediri?

Attack by the Mongols Signup and view all the answers

What island is associated with the origin of cloves and pepper?

Moluccas Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Pagnganganga' represent in ancient Filipino culture?

A socializing tradition Signup and view all the answers

Which item from Arabia was brought to Malacca?

Opium Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ancient Civilizations in Insular Southeast Asia

Islands were connected by vast seas, not roads. Boats were gateways to distant lands, cultures, and treasures.
Srivijaya and Majapahit, powerful empires, were established in present-day Indonesia. Majapahit was the largest archipelago in the world.
Malacca was established in present-day Malaysia.

The Srivijaya in the 7th Century

The word Srivijaya comes from Sanskrit, meaning "Great Victory" or "Great Conquest".
The Chinese called Srivijaya Jinzhou, which means "Golden District" or "Golden Beach" due to the kingdom's gold wealth.
The Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, West Kalimantan, and West Java were part of Srivijaya during its reign.

The Madjapahit in the 13th Century

The Madjapahit Empire was founded by the Kediri.
The Kediri expanded their territories in 1293, conquering areas previously controlled by Srivijaya and other smaller kingdoms.
Conquered territories paid tribute to the Madjapahit Empire.

The Malacca in the 15th Century

Malacca became a trade center in the 15th century.
Trade products from Southeast Asia and other regions (nutmeg, pepper, cloves, camphor, gold, sandalwood from Timor, various cloth types like Bengal cloth and Cambay cloth, opium, wool, hats, glass beads, metal tools, silk, satin, damask, brocade, porcelain, pearls, and silver) brought to the port of Malacca.
Malacca controls trade between Southeast Asia, India, China, Arabia, and Europe.
Islam spread strongly throughout the Malay Peninsula, islands of Indonesia, and even the southern part of the Philippines.

The Sailendras

Sailendras were prominent rulers in central Java during the height of their power.
The word Sailendras comes from Sanskrit meaning "King of the Mountains," referring to the origin of cloves and pepper in the Moluccas and nutmeg in the Banda Islands.
The Kedri people are close to the origin in the Banda Islands.
The port of Kediri weakened around the middle of the 13th century after a Mongol attack, destroying the Javanese government.

Relationship of the Philippines with Ancient Civilizations in Southeast Asia

Philippines has ties to ancient civilizations, empires, or kingdoms in Southeast Asia. This relationship was established mainly through trade.

Pagnganganga

Pagnganganga is an old Austronesian tradition, typically used for socializing, especially when guests are present.
If the owner of a house does not engage in the tradition of paying respect to a visitor, it's considered an insult.

Relationship of Civilizations in Southeast Asia with Chinese and Indian Civilizations

China and India are countries where earliest civilizations emerged (Indus and Shang, respectively).
These civilizations interacted with Southeast Asian civilizations primarily through architecture, infrastructure, religion, and literature.
India refers to Southeast Asia as "suvarnabhumi," meaning "land of gold." The spread of Hinduism was key to their relations.
Trade was a two-way process; Southeast Asian traders also traveled to India.
The decline in Buddhism in 12th century India and the fall of Hindu power by the arrival of the Muslims caused a decline in India's influence.
Similar to India, China's relationship was also based on trade and commerce.
During the Shang period, China believed it was the center of the world ("middle kingdom"). They traded various items (ivory, pearls, bird feathers) during the Zhou dynasty.
Trade flourished between the 2nd and 15th centuries (connecting China, India, Arabia, Africa, and Europe).

Formative Assessment: Events Order

a. Beginning of the strengthening of Srivijaya's naval forces in Southeast Asia.
b. Expansion of the territories of the Kediris.
d. The port in Malacca became a center of trade.
e. Mongol invasion of Majapahit.
c. Increased piracy in Malacca, Singapore, Madura, Penang and Aceh.

How did ancient civilizations in Insular Southeast Asia establish relationships?

Relationships were established primarily through trade.

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Description

Explore the rich history of ancient civilizations in insular Southeast Asia, focusing on the powerful empires of Srivijaya and Majapahit. Discover how these empires influenced trade, culture, and politics in the region. This quiz covers key facts about their territories, ventures, and significance in maritime history.