Concept of Man and His Basic Human Needs PDF

**Program: Bachelor of Science in Midwifery** **Subject: MDW 101- Introduction to Health Care (IHC)** **Topic: Concept of Man and His Basic Human Needs** C:\\Users\\dell\\Desktop\\maxresdefault.jpg - **The concept of man forms the first foundational component of Nursing. To provide an indi...

**Program: Bachelor of Science in Midwifery** **Subject: MDW 101- Introduction to Health Care (IHC)** **Topic: Concept of Man and His Basic Human Needs** C:\\Users\\dell\\Desktop\\maxresdefault.jpg - **The concept of man forms the first foundational component of Nursing. To provide an individualized, holistic, and quality nursing care, it is important to understand man.** **Dimensions of Individuality Include the:** - Person's Total: - Character - Self-identity - Perception - Individual Health **Concept of Individuality** - Each individual is a unique being who is different from every other human being, with a different combination of genetics, life experiences, and environmental interactions. - When providing care, we need to focus on the client within both a total care and an individualized care context. **The 4 Major Attributes of Human Being** 1. Capacity to think or conceptualize on the abstract level. 2. Family Formation 3. Tendency to seek and maintain a territory 4. Ability to use verbal symbols as language, a means of developing and maintaining culture. **2 Approaches in Studying Man** - Viewing man as an organism only (view cells, tissues, organs -- body structures only) - Viewing man as an organism with interrelated and interdependent parts functioning to produce a behavior which is acceptable or unacceptable to him or to the society. - States that all living organisms are interacting unified whole that are more than the mere sum of his parts. In this light, any disturbance affects the whole being. - Human life must be balanced and harmonized with the other forms of nature. Disturbance may result in illness. **Holistic Health** - Involves whole person's being and the overall quality of his or her lifestyle. **Goal of Holistic Nursing** - To enhance the healing of the whole person from birth to death. **Holistic Nurses and Health Practitioners** - Recognize bio psychosocial and spiritual dimensions of a person - Recognize that the life of a person is intertwined with family, community, culture, and environment - Focus on whole brain thinking; uses left brain hemisphere's thought process and right brain hemisphere's intuitive process; uses left brain often (reason, logic, analytical, verbal, mathematical, calculative, objective) **System** - A set of interacting identifiable parts and component. **Fundamental Components of System** **Types of System** - **Closed System** - Totally isolated from other systems. - Doesn't allow any forms of stimuli to enter (input) its system boundaries nor allow anything from within (output) to go out from its system boundaries. - In reality there's no closed system that exist it only happens inside a test tube during chemical reaction. - **Open System** - All forms of stimuli (input) can enter inside its system boundaries and allow anything from within (output) to go out from its system boundaries. - All Living Systems (human, animals, plants, families, communities) are an open system since their survival depends on the constant exchange of energy. **Input and Output** - All forms of stimuli that can enter inside the system boundaries. - After it is absorbed, it is processed to be useful to the system and called throughput. - Given out by the system as a result of the input and throughput **Feedback Mechanism**\ Output of the system is returned inside the system as an input.\ ** ** **Types of Feed Back Mechanisms** 1. **Positive Feedback** -- stimulates change 2. **Negative Feedback** -- inhibit (hinder) change - Mostly biologic systems are controlled by this to bring back stability or homeostasis of the system. **Nursing Concepts of Man** 1\. **Man as a Biological Being is composed of 2 Systems** **2. Man normally responds as a unified whole rather than a set of integrated parts. Man as a unified whole is composed of parts which are interrelated and interdependent with each other.** **3.** **Man as a unified whole is different and more than the mere sum of his parts.** - Man is superior more than his body parts **4. Man is an open system in constant interaction with the changing environment**. **5. Man is a unity who can be viewed as functioning biologically, symbolically, and socially and who initiates and performs self -- care activities on her own behalf in maintaining life, and well -- being**. **6. Man is like all man, Man is like some man, and Man is no other man.** - **Man is a whole, complete, and independent being who has 14 Fundamental Needs to (Henderson) :** **14 Fundamental Needs to (Henderson) :** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 7. Breath | 8\. Keep Clean | +===================================+===================================+ | 1. Eat & Drink | 9\. Avoid Danger | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 2. Eliminate | 10\. Communicate | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 3. Move & Maintain Posture | 11\. Worship | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 4. Sleep & Rest | 12\. Work | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 5. Dress & Undress | 13\. Play | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 6. Maintain Body Temperature | 14\. Learn | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ b\. **Man is like some man:** - Interests - Hobbies - Beliefs - Religion - Culture - Gender - Race and Color - Profession and Course - Body Structure (height, weight, etc) **7. Man is a Bio psychosocial and Spiritual Being who is in constant contact with the environment (Roy)**   a\. **Man as a Bio Psychosocial Being** **8. Man is an individual with vital reparative processes to deal with disease and desirous of health but passive in terms of influencing the environment or nurse** (Nightingale) **MASLOW'S HIERACHICAL THEORY OF HIMAN NEEDS** **Maslow classified the needs that humans need as follows:** - Physiological -- Physical Survival Need - Safety -- Physical Safety needs - Love and Belonging Needs - Self-esteem Needs - Self-actualization -- self-fulfilled (self-actualized) **Level 1: Physical Survival Needs** - The first and most basic of all needs are those to do with physical survival. **Level 2: Physical Safety Needs** - Once the physical survival needs are met, a new set of needs emerges. **Level 3: Love and Belonging Needs** - Once the physical survival and safety needs are being regularly met, a need for love, affection and belonging begin to emerge. **Level 4: Self-esteem Needs** - With a few exceptions, people in our society have a need to feel of value and to count for something. - This is called the need for esteem. It is a degree of self-respect and respect from others. **Level 5: Self-fulfilled (self-actualized)** - If the first four needs are being met, a new one will probably develop: the need for self-fulfillment. **Characteristics of Basic Human Needs** - All people have the same basic needs: however, each person's need and reactions to those needs are influenced by the culture with which the person identifies: 1. People meet their own needs relative to their own priorities. 2. Although basic needs generally must be met, some needs can be deferred. **Maslow's Characteristics of Self-Actualized Person** - Is realistic, sees life clearly and objective about owns observation - Judge people correctly - Has a superior perception, more decisive - Has a clear notion on what is right and wrong. - Is usually accurate in predicting future events. - Understand art, music, politics and philosophy. - Possesses humility, listen to others carefully. - Is dedicated to some work, task, duty or vocation. - Highly creative, flexible, spontaneous, courageous and willing to make mistakes. - Open to new ideas. - Is self-confident and has self-respect. - Has a long degree of self-conflict, personality is integrated. - Respects self, does not need fame, possesses a feeling of self control - Is highly independent, desires privacy - Can appear remote and detached - Is friendly, loving and governed more by inner directives than by society. - Maslow's Characteristics of Self-Actualized Person - Can make decisions contrary to popular opinion. - Is problem-centered rather than self-centered. - Accepts the world what it is. **[Types of Nursing Interventions ]** **1.INDEPENDENT or NURSE-INITIATED INTERVENTIONS** - Are autonomous action [ ] based on scientific rationale - Can solve the **problem w/o consultation** or collaboration w/ physician's or other health care professionals 2\. **DEPENDENT or PHYSICIAN-INITIATED INTERVENTIONS** \- Based on physicians response to a medical diagnosis - But physician written/oral order requires nursing judgment or decision making. - Question any doubtful orders 3\. **INTERDEPENDENT or COLLABORATIVE INTERVENTIONS** - Therapies that require the knowledge, skill & expertise of **multiple health** care professionals **NURSING CARE DELIVERY MODELS** 1\. TOTAL PATIENT CARE 2\. FUNCTIONAL NURSING 3\. TEAM NURSING 4\. PRIMARY NURSING 5\. CASE MANAGEMENT