History of Nursing - St. Dominic College of Asia - Nursing Pioneer

Okay, here's the converted markdown format of the text in the images you sent. ## **HISTORY OF NURSING IN THE WORLD** ### **PERIOD OF INTUITIVE NURSING/MEDIEVAL PERIOD** *(FROM PREHISTORIC TIMES UP TO THE EARLY CHRISTIAN ERA)* - "UNTAUGHT" and INSTINCTIVE - BELONGED TO WOMEN - NO CARE GIVIN...

Okay, here's the converted markdown format of the text in the images you sent. ## **HISTORY OF NURSING IN THE WORLD** ### **PERIOD OF INTUITIVE NURSING/MEDIEVAL PERIOD** *(FROM PREHISTORIC TIMES UP TO THE EARLY CHRISTIAN ERA)* - "UNTAUGHT" and INSTINCTIVE - BELONGED TO WOMEN - NO CARE GIVING TRAINING - BASED ON EXPERIENCE AND OBSERVATION - ILLNESS WAS CAUSED BY THE INVASION OF THE VICTIM'S BODY OF EVIL SPIRITS - TREPHINING ### **CONTRIBUTIONS TO MEDICINE AND NURSING DURING THIS TIME** - BABYLONIA - CODE OF HAMMURABI - FOUNDER OF EGYPTIAN MEDICINE - IMHOTEP - EGYPT - INTRODUCED THE ART OF EMBALMING - ISRAEL - MOSES - "FATHER OF SANITATION" - CHINA - MATERIA MEDICA (PHARMACOLOGY) - INDIA - INTUITIVE FORM OF ASEPSIS MEDICINE AND SURGERY - ANCIENT GREECE - INTRODUCED THE CADUCEUS - ROME - MAINTAIN VIGOROUS HEALTH --- ## **HISTORY OF NURSING IN THE WORLD** ### **PERIOD OF APPRENTICE NURSING/MIDDLE AGES** *(FROM THE FOUNDING OF THE RELIGIOUS ORDERS IN THE 11TH CENTURY UP TO 1836)* - CARE WAS DONE BY CRUSADERS, PRISONERS, RELIGIOUS ORDERS - WITHOUT ANY FORMAL EDUCATION - DARK PERIOD OF NURSING - PASTOR THEODORE FLIEDNER and his wife, FREDERIKA established the KAISERSWERTH INSTITUTE for the TRAINING of DEACONESSES (The 1ST FORMAL TRAINING SCHOOL FOR NURSES) IN GERMANY. - FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE - 3-MONTHS TRAINING ### **PERIOD OF APPRENTICE NURSING/MIDDLE AGES** ### **MILITARY RELIGIOUS ORDERS AND THEIR WORKS** - **KNIGHTS OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM (ITALIAN)** - Established to give care - **ST. VINCENT DE PAUL**"La Charite" and "Community of Sisters of Charity" composed of women dedicated in caring for the sick, the poor, orphaned, and the widowed. He founded the "Sisters of Charity School of Nursing" in Paris, France where Florence Nightingale had her 2nd formal education in Nursing. - **ALEXIAN BROTHERS** Alexian Brothers School of Nursing, the largest School under religious auspices exclusively in US and it closed down in 1969 - **KNIGHTS OF ST.LAZARUS** Care for those who suffered Leprosy, syphilis, and chronic skin diseases - **TEUTONIC KNIGHTS (GERMAN)** Cared for the injured and established hospitals in the military camps --- ## HISTORY OF NURSING IN THE WORLD ### PERIOD OF APPRENTICE NURSING/MIDDLE AGES ### IMPORTANT PERSONALITIES IN THIS PERIOD - **ST. CLARE** Took vows of poverty, obedience to service and chastity "THE POOR CLAIRE" - **ST. ELIZABETH OF HUNGARY** Sees her calling to give care for the sick. Fed thousands of hungry people. THE PATRONESS OF NURSING - **ST. CATHERINE OF SIENA** "Little Saint" Took care of the sick as early as 7y/o "1ST LADY WITH A LAMP" ### **PERIOD OF EDUCATED NURSING** ### **NIGHTINGALE ERA 19TH-20TH CENTURY** - JUNE 15, 1860 - FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE SCHOOL OF NURSING - ST. THOMAS HOSPITAL IN LONDON - FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE was asked by SIR SIDNEY HERBERT of the BRITISH WAR DEPARTMENT to RECRUIT FEMALE NURSES to PROVIDE CARE FOR THE SICK AND INJURED in the CRIMEAN WAR - FORMAL NURSING EDUCATION AND NURSING SERVICE BEGUN --- ## NURSING PIONEERS - **HARRIET TUBMAN** (born Araminta Ross, c. 1820 – 10 March 1913) African-American abolitionist, humanitarian, and Union spy during the U.S. Civil War "THE MOSES OF HER PEOPLE" - **SOJOURNER TRUTH** (1797-November 26, 1883) An American abolitionist and women's rights activist. --- ## NURSING PIONEERS - **MARY BRECKINRIDGE** (FEBRUARY 17, 1881-MAY 19, 1965) American nurse-midwife and the founder of the Frontier Nursing Service. Introduced a model rural health care system into the United States in 1925 - **LILLIAN D. WALD** (1867-1940) Nurse, Social Worker, Public Health Official, Teacher, Author, Editor, Publisher, Women's Rights Activist, And The Founder Of American Community Nursing. Provide nursing care to indigent First community health nurse Supported education for the mentally challenged --- ## FACTS ABOUT FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE - MOTHER OF MODERN NURSING - LADY WITH THE LAMP - BORN MAY 12, 1800 IN FLORENCE, ITALY - RAISED IN ENGLAND IN AN ATMOSPHERE OF CULTURE AND AFFLUENCE - SELF-APPOINTED GOAL: TO CHANGE THE PROFILE OF NURSING - LED NURSES THAT TOOK CARE OF THE WOUNDED DURING THE CRIMEAN WAR ## FACTS ABOUT FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE ### NIGHTINGALE'S BELIEFS - Holistic framework inclusive of illness and health - Need for theoretical basis - Liberal Education as foundation for nursing practice - Need for the body of nursing knowledge distinct from medical knowledge --- ## FACTS ABOUT FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE ### NIGHTINGALE'S CONCEPT - Having systematic method of assessing patient. - Maintaining confidentiality. - Individualized care on the basis of patients needs and preferences. - Nurses should be formally educated and function as client advocate. ## FACTS ABOUT FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE ### ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH - Cleanliness - Light (especially direct sunlight) - Pure or fresh air - Pure water - Efficient drainage - Sufficient food supplies Adequate ventilation has also been regarded as a factor contributing to changes of the patient's process of illness recovery. Defined in her environmental theory are the following factors present in the patient's environment: Any deficiency in one or more of these factors could lead to impaired functioning of life processes or diminished health status. --- ## HISTORY OF NURSING IN THE WORLD ### PERIOD OF CONTEMPORARY NURSING ### 20TH CENTURY - COVERS THE PERIOD AFTER THE WORLD WAR II TO THE PRESENT - Licensure of Nurses Started - SPECIALIZATION OF HOSPITAL AND DIAGNOSIS - Training of Nurses in Diploma Program - DEVELOPMENT OF BACCALAUREATE AND ADVANCE DEGREE PROGRAMS - Health is Perceived as a Fundamental Human Right - SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AS WELL AS SOCIAL CHANGES MARK THIS PERIOD. - Nursing Involvement in Community Health ### PERIOD OF CONTEMPORARY NURSING ### 20TH CENTURY - TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES - DISPOSABLE SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT - Expanded Roles of Nurses was Developed - WHO WAS ESTABLISHED BY THE UNITED NATIONS - Aerospace Nursing was Developed - USE OF ATOMIC ENERGIES FOR MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT - Computers were Utilized – Data Collection, Teaching, Diagnosis, Inventory, Payrolls, Record Keeping, Billing. - USE OF SOPHISTICATED EQUIPMENT FOR DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY. --- ## HISTORY OF NURSING IN THE PHILIPPINES ### EARLY BELIEFS, PRACTICES AND CARE OF THE SICK - Diseases, their causes and treatment were associated with mysticism and superstitions - Cause of disease was caused by another person (an enemy of witch) or evil spirits - Difficult childbirth were attributed to "nonos" - Persons suffering from diseases without any identified cause were believed bewitched by "mangkukulam" - Belief in special Gods of Healing: Priest-Physician ("word doctors"), Herbolarios/Herb doctors ### THE EARLIEST HOSPITALS ESTABLISHED - HOSPITAL REAL DE MANILA (1577) - Established mainly to care for the Spanish King's soldiers, but also admitted Spanish civilians. - Founded by Gov. Francisco de Sande --- ## THE EARLIEST HOSPITALS ESTABLISHED - SAN LAZARO HOSPITAL (1578) - Built exclusively for patients with leprosy. - Founded by Brother Juan Clemente - The American run the hospital in 1898 as a contagious disease hospital, after 320 years of Spanish governance. - It was only in 1918 that Filipinos started operating the hospital. From 1930-31, insane patients were transferred to National Mental Hospital (National Center for Mental Health). In 1949, patients with leprosy were located to Tala Leprosarium, now Jose N. Rodriquez Memorial Hospital. ## HOSPITALS AND NURSING SCHOOLS - ILOILO MISSION HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (ILOILO CITY, 1906) - It was ran by the Baptist Foreign Mission Society of America. - Miss Flora Ernst, an American nurse, took charge of the school in 1942 - 1909 - distinction of graduating the 1st trained nurses in the Philippines with no standard requirements for admission of applicants except their "willingness to work" - April 1946 - a board exam was held outside of Manila. It was held in the Iloilo Mission Hospital thru the request of Ms. Loreto Tupas, principal of the school. --- ## HOSPITALS AND NURSING SCHOOLS - ST. PAUL'S HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (MANILA, 1907) - The hospital was established by the Archbishop of Manila, The Most Reverend Jeremiah Harty, under the supervision of the Sisters of St. Paul de Chartres. - It was located in Intramuros and it provided general hospital services. --- ## HOSPITALS AND NURSING SCHOOLS - PHILIPPINE GENERAL HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1907) - In 1907, with the support of the Governor General Forbes and the Director of Health and among others, she opened classes in nursing under the auspices of the Bureau of Education. - Anastacia Giron-Tupas, was the first Filipino to occupy the position of chief nurse and superintendent in the Philippines, succeeded her. --- ## HOSPITALS AND NURSING SCHOOLS - ST. LUKE'S HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (QUEZON CITY, 1907) - The Hospital is an Episcopalian Institution. It began as a small dispensary in 1903. - In 1907, the school opened with three Filipino girls admitted. - Mrs. Vitiliana Beltran was the first Filipino superintendent of nurses. ## HOSPITALS AND NURSING SCHOOLS - MARY JOHNSTON HOSPITAL AND SCHOOL OF NURSING (MANILA, 1907) - It started as a small dispensary on Calle Cervantes (now Avenida) - It was called Bethany Dispensary and was founded by the Methodist Mission. - Miss Librada Javelera was the first Filipino director of the school. --- ## THE EARLIEST HOSPITALS ESTABLISHED - SOUTHERN ISLAND HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (CEBU, 1918) - The hospital was established under the Bureau of Health with Anastacia Giron-Tupas as the organizer. ## FIRST COLLEGES OF NURSING IN THE PHILIPPINES - University of Santo Tomas College of Nursing (1877) - Manila Central University College of Nursing (1947) - University of the Philippines College of Nursing (1948): 1st BSN Program - Far Eastern University Institute of Nursing (1955) - University of the East College of Nursing (1958) --- ## THE EARLIEST HOSPITALS ESTABLISHED - UST COLLEGE OF NURSING (MANILA, 1877) - 1st College of Nursing in the Philippines ## NURSING LEADERS IN THE PHILIPPINES - **ANASTACIA GIRON-TUPAS** First Filipino nurse to hold the position of Chief Nurse Superintendent; Founder of PNA (Philippine Nursing Association). - **CESARIA TAN** First Filipino to receive a master's degree abroad. - **SOCORRO SIRILAN** Pioneered in Hospital Social Service in San Lazaro Hospital where she was the Chief Nurse.. - **ROSA MILITAR** Pioneered in School Health Education - **SOR RICARDA MENDOZA** Pioneer in Nursing Education - **SOCORRO DIAZ** First editor of the PNA magazine called "The Message" - **CONCHITA RUIZ** First full-time editor of the PNA magazine called "The Filipino Nurse". - **LORETA TUPAZ** Dean of the Philippine Nursing; regarded as the Florence Nightingale of Iloilo --- ## YEARS TO REMEMBER - **1909** 3 females graduated as "qualified medical-surgical nurses" - **1920** 1st board examination for nurses was conducted by the Board of Examiners, 93 candidates took the exam, 68 passed with the highest rating of 93.5% - Anna Dahlgren Theoretical Exam was held at the UP Amphitheater of the College of Medicine and Surgery. Practical Exam at the PGH Library. - **1921** Filipino Nurses Association was established (now PNA) as the national organization of Filipino nurses: 1st President - Rosario Delgado - **1919** The 1st Nurses Law (Act#2808) was enacted regulating the practice of the nursing profession in the Philippines Islands. It also provided the holding of exam for the practice of nursing on the 2nd Monday of June and December of each year. - **1953** Republic Act 877, known as the "Nursing Practice Law" was approved. - **ST. DOMINIC COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES (2003)** - **ST. DOMINIC COLLEGE OF ASIA (2009)** I have tried my best to retain all key information and present it clearly in markdown format. Let me know if you need any adjustments or further assistance!