Functionalism, Marxism, Social Interactionism Review PDF

**FUNCTIONALISM -- MARXISM -- SOCIAL INTERACTIONISM** **Functionalism** According to Vincent, 2001, **Functionalism**, also called **structural-functional theory**, sees society as a structure with interrelated parts. The structural functionalism of **Radcliffe Brown** follows **Durkheiman** para...

**FUNCTIONALISM -- MARXISM -- SOCIAL INTERACTIONISM** **Functionalism** According to Vincent, 2001, **Functionalism**, also called **structural-functional theory**, sees society as a structure with interrelated parts. The structural functionalism of **Radcliffe Brown** follows **Durkheiman** paradigm of focusing on underlying structures that **support the whole fabric of society.** Units of society, such as families, organizations, and groups Another functionalist sociologist **R. Merton** has adopted a concept of **dysfunction** -- this refers to the effects of any institution which detracts from the conservation of society. **Concepts of Structural-Functionalism According to Quexbook 2018** **Collective Conscience and Value Consensus** - Functionalists believe that without **collective conscience/ shared values and beliefs**, achieving social order is impossible and social order is crucial for the well-being of society. **Social Order** - They also believe that these four basic needs are essential for maintaining social order. They are **food, shelter, money and clothing.** **Functionalism and Education** - Durkheim believes that **education transmits society's norms and values**. - Education also allows people to train for their future roles in society. **Schools instill the value of achievement and the value of equality of opportunity.** **Functionalism and Family** - The family is the primary point of socialization in that it provides children with values and norms. The family also stabilizes adult personalities. **Functionalism and Media** - The media operate in the public interest by reflecting the interests of the audience. It portrays public opinion. **MARXISM** **Karl Marx** - **German social thinker.** - **He saw a "modern" society as not an end itself, but a transitional phase of what he believed is a historically shaped social order- socialism.** **Marxism** - **is a social, political, and economic philosophy named after Karl Marx, which examines the effect of capitalism on labor, productivity, and economic development and argues for a worker revolution to overturn capitalism in favor of communism.** **Capital** - In everyday parlance, **capital** refers to a form of investment- money, machine, and puwesto or store- that one makes going on a business venture. Classes or categories of people are markedly defined according to where they stand in the productive process. - **Capitalist-** the owner of the factory. - **Proletariat-** workers. Society consists of two parts: - **1. Base-** which is the economy - **2. Superstructure-** which consists of social structures, such as religion, family law ETC. **Diagram showing various periods of human society based on changing modes of production and its ensuing social relations** **Primitive Communism** - \- earliest human societies **Feudalism** - A system in which people were given land and protection by people of higher rank and worked and fought for them in return. **Capitalist** - Based on private ownership of enterprises such as factories, offices and shops. **Socialism** -political and economic system in which property and the means of production are controlled by the state of government. **Communism** \- A type of government as well as an economic system (a way of creating and sharing wealth. Everyone is supposed to share the wealth that they create.) The problem with this system, with these structures, according to Marx, is that they are **human beings' own creations**. **SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM** **Indonesian Franchise of the Popular Philippine Noontime Show, "Eat Bulaga"** **Eat bulaga! Now the oldest existing noontime show in the country, has made a precedence by promoting its brand abroad: a franchise in Indonesia** **Symbolic Interactionism** - people develop and build upon in the process of **social interaction.** **Concepts of Symbolic Interactionism** - **based on their analysis of human conduct is the concept of the symbol, or, as Mead called it, the significant symbol.** - **Symbol -** is a vocal or other kind of gesture that has the same meaning and solicits the same reaction between the one using it and to whom it is directed. **Conventional Signs - are anything associated with some other thing or event, but it is produced and controlled by the very organisms that have learned to respond to it.** **Natural Signs - are those that show appropriateness with its use, that is, the sign is in its literal form. (EX: When dark clouds appear, it's a sign that it's likely to rain)** **Tangible - is anything that can be seen by the naked eye and can be touched (physical).** **Intangible - not having a physical appearance; cannot be touched or seen by the naked eye (social).** **Social interaction - is symbolic because social actors act in creative and symbolic ways (language and gestures) based on their shared meanings toward an event or situation.** **Microsociety - they all contribute to the creation of a street corner society (EX: Consider a typical street corner (kanto) culture where the "hardy boys" spend most of their time)** **Robert Park** - **A well-known sociologist of Chicago School of Sociology in the U.S.** - **It is the "sum total of all interactions"** - **Society is a construct- a product of microlevel interactions among individual players and performers.** **Symbolic interactionists - believe that society is not a static entity that appears before the individual, but it is the actors or individuals that carry out the "leading role".** **Language - plays a central role in the creation of this social construction. It is viewed as having a greater role in producing and sustaining social interaction.** **FUNCTIONALISM -- MARXISM -- SOCIAL INTERACTIONISM**