Finale Study Psych PDF

{Chapter 13} Choosing Careers -​ Must know: lecture 21 Hollands Model: -​ Career choice is related to an individual's personality characteristics (values, interests, needs, skill, attitudes) which are assumed to be relatively stable over time. Six categories; Realistic,...

{Chapter 13} Choosing Careers -​ Must know: lecture 21 Hollands Model: -​ Career choice is related to an individual's personality characteristics (values, interests, needs, skill, attitudes) which are assumed to be relatively stable over time. Six categories; Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional R- concrete and physical tasks valued- view self as mechanically, but not socially skilled I- wants to solve problems- views self as analysis, critical, curious introspective, methodical A- prefer artistic project, unsystematic tasks- view self as imaginative, expressive, independent Social- prefers careers in education, heloping, religion- enjoy social involvement, is cooperative, friendly, helpful, and responsible E- values political, economic achievements ; enjoys leadership, speaking, power- views self as extraverted, social, happy, assertive. C-prefers order, system, concrete tasks- view self as conformist with clerical and numerical skill -​ Slide 14 aspects that affect occupational decisions -​ 2 major factors that influence someone's career choice are personal qualities or their family backgrounds. /Personal Qualities/ -​ Intelligence those with higher education levels tend to have higher level occupations eg. medicine, law and or engineering -​ Social Skills- some occupations are more tailored to social interactions, most jobs require some type of social-emotional or interpersonal intelligence. And also interests. -​ Specific Aptitudes/ talents - in many occupation, special talents are more important than intellectual abilities -( musical, artistics talent strong persuasive abilities) /Family Background/ -​ People who tend to be drawn to occupations similar to their parents- key predictor is the number of years of education, parents and children often obtain similar levels of education so they are likely to have similar jobs. -​ People tend to be influenced by parenting practices; middle class homes encourage curious and independent thinking - high occupation jobs \disadvantaged homes are more likely to encourage conformity and obedience - mostly occur to blue collar type jobs -​ Those in lower income backgrounds face more barriers for certain types of higher-level employment like systemic racism or difficulty affording education..  ​ The average person works for 40-45 years 8 hours a day, and work takes a majority of one's life. People with limited job skills and qualifications have limited job options, they often take whatever job is available rather than one that is well suited for them. ★​ Those who exhibit secure attachment - a healthy attachment style that is characterized by trust, respect, and emotional safety. ★​ (Ganzach, 1998) - study saying that more intelligent people tend to have lower job satisfaction than less intelligent wormers when the work in question is not complex or challenging {Point One} Occupational Interest Inventories- measures one's interests as they relate to various jobs or careers, helping identify vocational areas for choosing potential careers. More info of Supers theory? -​ Super's Developmental Model- Donald Super (1988,1990) outlined a highly influential developmental model of career choice, Super view occupational development as a process -​ According to John Holland (1985), people can be divided into six personality types that prefer different work environments. Growth stage(0-14)-no interest, fanaticism about ideal job, then based on likes/dislikes, then abilities Exploration stage(15-24)-during adolescence/young adulthood, realistically consider different careers, needs interests values, 1st jobs Establishment stage(25-44) trial stage, then commit to a career, occupational success- use known skills and learn new ones Maintenance stage(45-65) at midlife, focus is on retaining achieved status and protecting security and power, decreased focus on career advancements \ Decline stage(65+)-work activity decreases as retirement is near Workaholics are those who devote all of their time and energy into their jobs, behaviours include excessive overtime, few vacations, bringing work home, thinking about work constantly, sacrificing their life rolls -​ Personality traits are energetic, intense, ambitions, but also tend to be perfectionistic Two Types of Workaholics, Enthusiastic Workaholic- overworks for the pure joy of it, derives immense satisfaction from work, performs well in high demanding jobs. Unenthusiastic Workaholic- also feels driven to work hard, but reports lower enjoyment and lower life satisfaction, more likely to develop a burnout.  (Both types experience imbalance b/w work and personal time which translates into higher amounts of work-family conflicts) -Adjustment and Technology; understanding zoom fatigue, zoom and other online face-to-face meetings have become popular in recent years. Especially during the pandemic. Zoom fatigue is a real thing, Stanford Virtual human interaction lab -2021- identified four consequences of prolonged video meetings including large amounts of close up eye contact, which can be intense and tiring. {Ongoing video meetings reduce our usual mobility, our cognitive load is much higher than usual when taking part in video meetings and chats} Medical Model proposes that it is useful to think of abnormal behaviour as a disease, in the 18th century it was often that mental illness was associated with witchcraft. Medical Model -DSM-5 is the major classification systems for diagnosing mental disorders. Medical concepts such as diagnosis, etiology and prognosis have proven valuable in the treatment and study of abnormality. ​ Diagnosis involves examining a person's symptoms and determining if they meet criteria for a specific mental disorder. ​ Etiology refers to the causation and developmental history of a mental disorder ​ Prognosis is a prediction of the probable course an illness will take- change over time. -Anxiety Disorders are a classification of disorders in which people suffer from feelings of excessive apprehension and anxiety. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is marked by chronic high levels of anxiety that is not tied to any specific threat, often accompanied by physiological symptoms -muscle tension, diarrhea and dizziness. { Seen frequently in women, onset is usually around the ones early 30s } ​ Panic Disorder- is characterized by recurrent abrupt attacks of intense fear which reach a peak within minutes and are accompanied by symptoms ⅔ women are diagnosed typically during late adolescence/early adulthood.  ​ Agoraphobia is a fear of going to public places; fear it may be difficult to escape or get help if they panic. Phobias are marked by persistent and irrational fear of any objects or situations that present no realistic danger. 12 percent and ⅔ women. \SSRI supplies serotonin for those that need to be medicated. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder- (OCD) involves persistent, uncontrolled intrusions of unwanted thoughts (obsessions) or urges to engage in senseless actions, 2-3% of a population onset 19-20 -​ The more you learn the more you earn- about 57 percent versus about 70 percent of men are in the labor force. -​ Womens career are more likely to be interrupted by childrearing and or family crises Dissociative Identity Disorder- involves the coexistence in one person or more largely complete, and usually different personalities -​ Suicide is 3 times higher in men than women {Chapter 14} Dissociative Disorders - -​ DSM manual -​ The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a medical handbook that provides a guide for diagnosing mental health conditions. It's used by healthcare professionals in the United States and many other countries. The DSM includes descriptions, symptoms, and other criteria for diagnosing mental disorders. -​ -​ Know how to distinguish between the various anxiety disorders (Generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobia, panic disorder, agoraphobia, and obsessive compulsive disorder there will be a scenario! -​ Panic disorders are mainly recurrent panic attacks, which are sudden and overwhelming -​ Specific phobia an intense and persistent fear of a specific object, situation or activity -​ Agoraphobia -intense fear of being in situations where escape ay be difficult or embarrassing -​ OCD- unwanted dor unpleasant thought may have difficulty harding certain thighs, feeling or repetitive -​ Slide 19: know about the video about the young woman living with anxiety disorders and our discussion about it -​ Already watched; -​ Regarding the etiology of anxiety disorders, know ‘conditioning and learning’- how a phobia is created and maintained and the terms that go with this process (details in textbook) -​ Genetic or through learned behaviours -​ Different types of amnesia -​ Dpdr -​ Slide 10 interpersonal roots Lecture 25, etiology and schizophrenia neurochemical factors and expressed emotions -​ The techniques of psychoanalysis, client centered therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy are a class of disorders in which people lose contact with portions of their consciousness or memory 3 main types- dissociative identity disorder, and depersonalization/derealization Dissociative Amnesia, is a disorder characterized by a sudden loss of memory for important personal info Chapter 15- Chapter 16- -​ Lecture 28 -​ Lambert’s common factors (the main idea) -​ Positive psychology’s model of complete mental health -​ Lecture 29 slide 7-16 -​ Lecture 30 -rent a sister, identify the parasomnia in a scenario -​ You can cope, be flourishing with or without mental illness, you could also be not doing well, not positive ect but not have any mental health problems. -​ Hikikomori- a undiagnosed disorder that affects about one million people in Japan, when young men and women from 18-35 are afraid of society. Many don’t get help because of the stigma around the disorder. Some tend to get violent towards siblings or parents. -​ Heir rental sisters as a way to get their children integrated into society again, building trust can take up to six months to two years. -​ “Social Anxiety Disorder” people are afraid of embarrassing themselves which limits their ability to eat in front of others , speak or reach out to other people. Those with Hikikomori can develop social anxiety but those two are not the same. Most therapist take on a more eclectic method when treating