Quantitative Data Collection Practices PDF

Unit 6: Data Collection for Quantitative Research Lesson 1 Practices in Collecting Quantitative Data Practical Research 2 Senior High School Applied - Academic How do quantitative data collection procedures differ in terms of the type data produced? ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 2...

Unit 6: Data Collection for Quantitative Research Lesson 1 Practices in Collecting Quantitative Data Practical Research 2 Senior High School Applied - Academic How do quantitative data collection procedures differ in terms of the type data produced? ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 2  Identify the different types of data in quantitative research. Learning Explain the different Objective quantitative data collection s methods. At the end of the lesson, you Apply the appropriate should be able to do the following: instruments for data collection. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 33 As a worker in a media company, you were tasked to find out about the preferences of the masses on television shows. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 44  Research Data and its Forms Research data are recorded materials which are evidence-based and collected from systematic observations for analysis. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 5  Research Data and its Forms Information is processed data which forms meaningful context making it useful for research. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 6  Examples of Data in Quantitative Research Quantitative data vary in forms and can be classified into primary and secondary data which may be acquired in several ways. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 77  Examples of Data in Quantitative Research Primary data are based on firsthand observations and experiences. While secondary data are interpreted data based on primary sourced data. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 88  Journal and diary entries Primary contain records and Data documentation during the data gathering process. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 9  Evaluative records are based on evaluating projects that depict rates of responses Primary among a sample or population. Data For example, a business researcher may use evaluative records in a month for analysis. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 10  Artifacts, specimens, and laboratory samples are seen in experimental research in Primary varying fields. Some artifacts Data vary from coins to tools while specimens and laboratory samples may be animals and plants. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 11  Framework and methodologies are data found in scientific journal Primary articles based on experimental Data research results. These may contain different processes used by researchers to come up with valid results. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 12  Survey forms and polls allow researchers to gather collective information Primary regarding certain topics or Data phenomena, which may be summarized for interpretation and analysis. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 13  Official statistics is data gathered by an official body of Primary the government that provides Data information on a large scale of samples within a community, province, region or country. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 14  Web information refers to any information accessed Secondary through the Internet, which Data may be used to support the research work. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 15  Articles from journals, news articles, and published research provide Secondary existing information about Data certain issues or phenomenon which may have happened in the past that supports the current research. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 16 Remember Different data collection procedures produce different types of data. It is important to determine which type of research data is needed to know which data collection procedure to use. 17 Quantitativ The collection of quantitative e Data data is predetermined by the Collection type of data collected and the Methods sampling used in research. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 18 According to Walliman (2011), typical quantitative data collection practices include administering quantitative surveys, quantitative observations, and various types of experiments. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 19 19 How do quantitative data collection procedures differ in terms of the type of data produced? 20  Makes use of questionnaires that contain closed-ended Quantitativ questions with given answers e Survey for the respondents to choose from. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 21  Quantitative Survey Advantages Disadvantages Convenient for Limited due to large populations predetermined and geographical choices areas Difficult to control Generalizable responses results ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 22 22  Quantitative Survey Advantages Disadvantages Anonymity of Restriction in responses summary and Objectivity analysis Cost-efficient Difficulty in monitoring of responses ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 23 23 Examples Satisfaction surveys on food and beverage in marketing research Survey research on degree program preference of high school students ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 24 24  Makes use of standardized questions and structured interview formats. These Quantitativ interviews may take the forms e Interview of face-to-face interviews, telephone calls, or web- based interviews. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 25 Face-to-Face Interviews Gathers data through personal interaction between the researcher and the respondent using structured interview questions ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 26 26  Face-to-Face Interviews Advantages Disadvantages Open Unsuitable for communication large population Prompt replies Can be expensive during Time-consuming clarifications ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 27 27 Telephone calls Done through the use of telephone or existing online calling platforms. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 28 28  Telephone calls Advantages Disadvantages Less expensive Time-consuming and more Technical convenient difficulties Can be conducted despite ENGAG difference EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 29 29 Web-based interviews Collects data using online platforms that consist of audio and/or video capabilities. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 30 30  Web-based Interviews Advantages Disadvantages Cost-efficient and Issues on convenient software and Can be conducted hardware despite difference in Possible technical location difficulties ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 31 31 Examples Factors that affect the decision-making process among voters in choosing politicians How the student-teacher relationship affects the academic performance of a student How a person’s weight affects one’s self- concept ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 32 32 Quantitativ Involves following a e structured procedure in Observatio observation to acquire reliable n information for analysis. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 33 It involves the standardization of observed elements, which are put into numerical contexts making them measurable and quantifiable in nature. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 34 34  Quantitative Observation Advantages Disadvantages It makes insights It may be and perspectives subjected to bias. through observation. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 35  Quantitative Observation Advantages Disadvantages Behaviors and There may be body language little to no control may be observed. over the environment. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 36  Quantitative Observation Advantages Disadvantages It can be done in Consciousness groups, making it among cost-efficient. respondents may bring irregularities. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 37 Examples An observation on the number of people passing by a certain area to see whether the said location has active foot traffic An observation on the attention span of a student depending on the type of teaching strategy used ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 38 38  Involves manipulation of variables that test hypotheses Experimen under conditions which may be ts controlled or not. It takes the form of laboratory or field experiments. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 39 Laboratory experiments Laboratory experiments follow a scientific approach in terms of design and execution. The researcher has strict control over the research variables being experimented on. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 40 40  Laboratory Experiments Advantages Disadvantages It can Results may be demonstrate prone to cause and effect extraneous or relationships confounding between variables. variables. Replication ENGAG EXPLO isEXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 41  Laboratory Experiments Advantages Disadvantages The researcher Results may be has control over difficult to the procedures. generalize due to the need to continuously replicate. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 42 Examples The antibacterial effect of plants on wounds Combustion rate of fossil fuels ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 43 43 Field experiments Field experiments take place in the natural environment. The researcher cannot manipulate variables and can only observe cause and effect relationships in natural settings. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 44 44  Field Experiments Advantages Disadvantages The natural The researchers setting may incur may have little high validity. control over the variables. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 45  Field Experiments Advantages Disadvantages It allows to create It is prone to more questions extraneous about observed variables. processes and activities. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 46  Field Experiments Advantages Disadvantages It does not require It is difficult to strict control over replicate. environment. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 47 Examples An experiment on aquaculture based on pH level and temperature An experiment on the ability of a certain plant to filter air ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 48 48 How can the use of technology affect the choice of data collection method? 49 Guidelines in Choosing a Analyze the nature of your Data research and your variables. Collection Method ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 50 Guidelines in Choosing a Assess availability of material Data resources. Collection Method ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 51 Guidelines in Choosing a Data Prepare a timeline of activities. Collection Method ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 52 Practice Choose two data collection methods. Explain how the chosen data collection practices can be used in a research topic related to your strand. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 53  Quick Check These are factually-recorded materials based on evidence and systematic observations. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 54  Quick Check This quantitative data collection method makes use of questionnaires that contain closed-ended questions with a list of choices. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 55 55  Quick Check What is the role of data collection procedures in the research process? ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 56 56  Wrap Up Primary data refers to the information collected or experienced firsthand while secondary data refers to the information interpreted based on primary sourced data. 57  Wrap Up The most commonly practiced data collection methods in quantitative research are administering quantitative surveys, quantitative interviews, quantitative observations, and experiments. These data collection methods produce different types of quantitative data. 58  Wrap Up Determining the appropriate data collection method is important in gathering necessary information to analyze and produce accurate, valid, and reliable research results. 59  Wrap Up Practices in Collecting Quantitative Data Quantitative Experiments Interviews Laboratory Face-to-face experiment Quantitative interviews Quantitative s Survey Telephone Observation Field interviews experiment Web-based s interviews 60  Bibliography Balnaves, Mark, and Peter Caputi. Introduction to Quantitative Research Methods: An Investigative Approach. London: SAGE Publications, Ltd., 2001. Bordens, Kenneth S., and Bruce Barrington Abbott. Research Design and Methods: A Process Approach. New York: McGraw-Hill Education, 2018. Gravetter, Frederick J., and Lori-Ann B. Forzano. Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences. 6th ed. Boston: Cengage Learning, 2018. Hesse-Biber, Sharlene, and Johnson R. Burke.The Oxford Handbook of Multimethod and Mixed Methods Research Inquiry. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015. Krippendorf, Klaus. Content Analysis An Introduction to its Methodology. California: SAGE Publications, Ltd., 2004. 61  Bibliography Kumar, Ranjit. Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners. California: SAGE Publications, Ltd., 2011. Sapsford, Roger, and Victor Jupp. Data Collection and Analysis. 2nd ed. London: SAGE Publications, Ltd., 2006. University of Leicester. “Research Data: Definitions.” April 9, 2012. https://www2.le.ac.uk/ services/research-data/old-2019-12-11/documents/UoL_Reserc hDataDefinitions_20120904.pdf. Wallwork, Adrian. English for Writing Research Papers. New York: Springer Science+Business Media, 2011. Walliman, Nicholas. Research Methods: The Basics. New York: Routledge, 2011. 62