Quantitative Research Data Collection Methods PDF

Unit 6: Data Collection for Quantitative Research Lesson 1 Practices in Collecting Quantitative Data Practical Research 2 Senior High School Applied - Academic How do quantitative data collection procedures differ in terms of the type data produced? ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE...

Unit 6: Data Collection for Quantitative Research Lesson 1 Practices in Collecting Quantitative Data Practical Research 2 Senior High School Applied - Academic How do quantitative data collection procedures differ in terms of the type data produced? ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 2  Identify the different types of Learning data in quantitative research. Objectives Explain the different quantitative data collection At the end of the methods. lesson, you should be able to do the Apply the appropriate following: instruments for data collection. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 33 As a worker in a media company, you were tasked to find out about the preferences of the masses on television shows. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 44  Research Data and its Forms Research data are recorded materials which are evidence-based and collected from systematic observations for analysis. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 5  Research Data and its Forms Information is processed data which forms meaningful context making it useful for research. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 6 Examples of Data in Quantitative Research Quantitative data vary in forms and can be classified into primary and secondary data which may be acquired in several ways. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 77 Examples of Data in Quantitative Research Primary data are based on firsthand observations and experiences. While secondary data are interpreted data based on primary sourced data. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 88  Journal and diary entries Primary contain records and Data documentation during the data gathering process. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 9  Evaluative records are based on evaluating projects that depict rates of responses among a Primary sample or population. For Data example, a business researcher may use evaluative records in a month for analysis. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 10  Artifacts, specimens, and laboratory samples are seen in experimental research in varying Primary fields. Some artifacts vary from Data coins to tools while specimens and laboratory samples may be animals and plants. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 11  Framework and methodologies are data found in scientific Primary journal articles based on Data experimental research results. These may contain different processes used by researchers to come up with valid results. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 12  Survey forms and polls allow researchers to gather collective Primary information regarding certain Data topics or phenomena, which may be summarized for interpretation and analysis. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 13  Official statistics is data gathered by an official body of Primary the government that provides Data information on a large scale of samples within a community, province, region or country. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 14  Web information refers to any Secondary information accessed through the Data Internet, which may be used to support the research work. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 15  Articles from journals, news articles, and published research provide existing Secondary information about certain issues Data or phenomenon which may have happened in the past that supports the current research. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 16 Remember Different data collection procedures produce different types of data. It is important to determine which type of research data is needed to know which data collection procedure to use. 17 Quantitative The collection of quantitative data Data is predetermined by the type of Collection data collected and the sampling Methods used in research. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 18 According to Walliman (2011), typical quantitative data collection practices include administering quantitative surveys, quantitative observations, and various types of experiments. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 19 19 How do quantitative data collection procedures differ in terms of the type of data produced? 20  Makes use of questionnaires that Quantitative contain closed-ended questions Survey with given answers for the respondents to choose from. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 21  Quantitative Survey Advantages Disadvantages Convenient for Limited due to large populations predetermined and geographical choices areas Difficult to control Generalizable responses results ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 22 22  Quantitative Survey Advantages Disadvantages Anonymity of Restriction in responses summary and Objectivity analysis Cost-efficient Difficulty in monitoring of responses ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 23 23 Examples Satisfaction surveys on food and beverage in marketing research Survey research on degree program preference of high school students ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 24 24  Makes use of standardized questions and structured interview formats. These Quantitative interviews may take the forms of Interview face-to-face interviews, telephone calls, or web-based interviews. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 25 Face-to-Face Interviews Gathers data through personal interaction between the researcher and the respondent using structured interview questions ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 26 26  Face-to-Face Interviews Advantages Disadvantages Open Unsuitable for communication large population Prompt replies Can be expensive during Time-consuming clarifications ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 27 27 Telephone calls Done through the use of telephone or existing online calling platforms. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 28 28  Telephone calls Advantages Disadvantages Less expensive and Time-consuming more convenient Technical Can be conducted difficulties despite difference in location ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 29 29 Web-based interviews Collects data using online platforms that consist of audio and/or video capabilities. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 30 30  Web-based Interviews Advantages Disadvantages Cost-efficient and Issues on software convenient and hardware Can be conducted Possible technical despite difference in difficulties location ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 31 31 Examples Factors that affect the decision-making process among voters in choosing politicians How the student-teacher relationship affects the academic performance of a student How a person’s weight affects one’s self-concept ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 32 32  Involves following a structured Quantitative procedure in observation to Observation acquire reliable information for analysis. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 33 It involves the standardization of observed elements, which are put into numerical contexts making them measurable and quantifiable in nature. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 34 34  Quantitative Observation Advantages Disadvantages It makes insights It may be and perspectives subjected to bias. through observation. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 35  Quantitative Observation Advantages Disadvantages Behaviors and There may be little body language may to no control over be observed. the environment. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 36  Quantitative Observation Advantages Disadvantages It can be done in Consciousness groups, making it among cost-efficient. respondents may bring irregularities. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 37 Examples An observation on the number of people passing by a certain area to see whether the said location has active foot traffic An observation on the attention span of a student depending on the type of teaching strategy used ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 38 38  Involves manipulation of variables that test hypotheses under conditions which may be Experiments controlled or not. It takes the form of laboratory or field experiments. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 39 Laboratory experiments Laboratory experiments follow a scientific approach in terms of design and execution. The researcher has strict control over the research variables being experimented on. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 40 40  Laboratory Experiments Advantages Disadvantages It can demonstrate Results may be cause and effect prone to relationships extraneous or between variables. confounding Replication is variables. possible. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 41  Laboratory Experiments Advantages Disadvantages The researcher has Results may be control over the difficult to procedures. generalize due to the need to continuously replicate. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 42 Examples The antibacterial effect of plants on wounds Combustion rate of fossil fuels ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 43 43 Field experiments Field experiments take place in the natural environment. The researcher cannot manipulate variables and can only observe cause and effect relationships in natural settings. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 44 44  Field Experiments Advantages Disadvantages The natural setting The researchers may incur high may have little validity. control over the variables. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 45  Field Experiments Advantages Disadvantages It allows to create It is prone to more questions extraneous about observed variables. processes and activities. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 46  Field Experiments Advantages Disadvantages It does not require It is difficult to strict control over replicate. environment. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 47 Examples An experiment on aquaculture based on pH level and temperature An experiment on the ability of a certain plant to filter air ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 48 48 How can the use of technology affect the choice of data collection method? 49 Guidelines in Choosing a Data Analyze the nature of your Collection research and your variables. Method ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 50 Guidelines in Choosing a Data Assess availability of material Collection resources. Method ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 51 Guidelines in Choosing a Data Prepare a timeline of activities. Collection Method ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 52 Practice Choose two data collection methods. Explain how the chosen data collection practices can be used in a research topic related to your strand. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 53  Quick Check These are factually-recorded materials based on evidence and systematic observations. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 54  Quick Check This quantitative data collection method makes use of questionnaires that contain closed-ended questions with a list of choices. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 55 55  Quick Check What is the role of data collection procedures in the research process? ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 56 56  Wrap Up Primary data refers to the information collected or experienced firsthand while secondary data refers to the information interpreted based on primary sourced data. 57  Wrap Up The most commonly practiced data collection methods in quantitative research are administering quantitative surveys, quantitative interviews, quantitative observations, and experiments. These data collection methods produce different types of quantitative data. 58  Wrap Up Determining the appropriate data collection method is important in gathering necessary information to analyze and produce accurate, valid, and reliable research results. 59  Wrap Up Practices in Collecting Quantitative Data Quantitative Experiments Interviews Laboratory Face-to-face experiments Quantitative interviews Quantitative Field Survey Telephone Observation experiments interviews Web-based interviews 60  Bibliography Balnaves, Mark, and Peter Caputi. Introduction to Quantitative Research Methods: An Investigative Approach. London: SAGE Publications, Ltd., 2001. Bordens, Kenneth S., and Bruce Barrington Abbott. Research Design and Methods: A Process Approach. New York: McGraw-Hill Education, 2018. Gravetter, Frederick J., and Lori-Ann B. Forzano. Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences. 6th ed. Boston: Cengage Learning, 2018. Hesse-Biber, Sharlene, and Johnson R. Burke.The Oxford Handbook of Multimethod and Mixed Methods Research Inquiry. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015. Krippendorf, Klaus. Content Analysis An Introduction to its Methodology. California: SAGE Publications, Ltd., 2004. 61  Bibliography Kumar, Ranjit. Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners. California: SAGE Publications, Ltd., 2011. Sapsford, Roger, and Victor Jupp. Data Collection and Analysis. 2nd ed. London: SAGE Publications, Ltd., 2006. University of Leicester. “Research Data: Definitions.” April 9, 2012. https://www2.le.ac.uk/ services/research-data/old-2019-12-11/documents/UoL_ReserchDataDefinitions_20120904.p df. Wallwork, Adrian. English for Writing Research Papers. New York: Springer Science+Business Media, 2011. Walliman, Nicholas. Research Methods: The Basics. New York: Routledge, 2011. 62