Acute Diarrhea Disease Treatment PDF

ACUTE DIARRHEA DISEASE TREATMENT Simple choice 1. Indicate the amount of water in which a packet of oral rehydration salts should be dissolved (SRO, Rehidron): A 200 ml water B. 500 ml of water C. 1000 ml water D. 1500 ml water E. In a volume of water cor...

ACUTE DIARRHEA DISEASE TREATMENT Simple choice 1. Indicate the amount of water in which a packet of oral rehydration salts should be dissolved (SRO, Rehidron): A 200 ml water B. 500 ml of water C. 1000 ml water D. 1500 ml water E. In a volume of water corresponding to degree of dehydration C 2. Specify what is oral rehydration salt (SRO, Rehidron): A. Medical remedy to rehydrate and maintain body functions in diarrhea B. Food in case of diarrhea C. Drug therapy D. Remedy useful only in case of mild diarrhea E. The infusion fluids substitute in case of severe dehydration A 3. Choose the preferred solution for infusion therapy of a child with severe dehydration: A. Reopoliglucin B. Plasma C. The sodium chloride isotonic solution D. Lactated Ringer's Solution E. Glucose solution (5-10%) D 4. Indicate the treatment of an 18-month-old child with acute diarrhea and moderate dehydration: A. Oral Rehydration SRO - 100-200 ml after each liquid stool B. Oral Rehydration SRO - 600-800 ml in 4 hours C. I/v infusions with Ringer's lactate solution - 100 ml / kg D. I/v infusions with Glucose solution and Sodium chloride solution E. Fluid break e – 6 hours B 5. Indicate the treatment of the infant with acute diarrhea at home: A. Antibiotics B. Antidiarrheal C. Antiemetic D. Consumption of more liquid than usual, continuing breastfeeding, requesting a doctor E. Adding consistent foods to the menu D 5. Choose the level of fall weight by loss of fluids with acute diarrhea and severe dehydration in a child under 5 years age: A. 2-3% B. 4-5% C. 6-9% D. 10-15% E. 1-2% D 7. Specify which of the adverse reactions to nitrofurans in children with acute diarrhea is severe and irreversible: A. Digestive disorders B. Rash C. Fever D. Peripheral neuropathy E. Cholestatic jaundice D 8. Select the antiviral drug that does NOT work on RNA viruses: A. Amantadine B. Remantadine C. Idoxuridine D. Ribavirin E. Interferons C 9. Indicate the way of administration of antibacterial drugs in acute diarrheal disease in children: A. Intramuscular B. Intravenous C. Subcutaneous D. Oral E. Intrathecal D 10. Specify the treatment of acute viral diarrhea in children: A. Antimicrobial drugs B. Antiviral drugs C. Oral rehydration solution D. Analgesics E. Spasmolytics C 11. Indicate the duration of oral rehydration in case of moderate dehydration: A.2 hours B.3 hours C. 4 hours D. 5-6 hours E. 7-8 hours C 12. Specify the indication for infusion therapy in acute diarrhea in infants: A. Pronounced dehydration, fever B. Pronounced dehydration, tonsillitis, fever C. Diarrhea, vomiting, without clinical signs of dehydration D. Severe dehydration, repeated vomiting, paralytic ileus E. Bloody diarrhea D 13. Choose the disease to which antibacterial therapy is indicated: A. Rotavirus infection B. Diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli C. Dismicrobism D. Shigellosis E. Giardiasis D 14. Mark the treatment indication of the 4-month-old child with acute diarrhea and moderate signs of dehydration: A. S.Rehidron 400-600 ml within 4 hours, fractionated B. 80 ml S.Rehidron after each liquid stool C. Antibiotics orally D. Fluid break E. Corticosteroids A Multiple choice 1. Select indications for infusion therapy in acute diarrhea in infants: A. Pronounced dehydration, fever B. Pronounced dehydration, pneumonia, fever C. Pronounced dehydration, repeated vomiting D. Persistent diarrhea, pronounced dehydration E. Severe dehydration, paralytic ileus CDE 2. Specify the indications for antibacterial treatment in acute diarrheal disease in children: A Rotavirus infection B. Diarrhea with enteroinvasive E coli C. Intestinal dismicrobism D. Shigellosis E. Cholera BDE 3. Indicate the signs at which the mother with a small child with diarrhea treated at home will address a physician: A. Drinks greedy or cannot drink B. Refuse food C. Has bloody stools D. Has repeated vomiting E. Has a fever (38 ° C) ACD 4. Specify the diseases in which co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole) can be used: A. Cholera B. Shigellosis C. Acute diarrhea with enteroinvasive E coli D. Salmonellosis with clinic of dysentery E. Rotavirus infection BCD 5. Select the antibiotics indicated for Campylobacter acute diarrhea: A. Penicillin B. Gentamicin C. Chloramphenicol D. Erythromycin E. Cephalosporins BCE 6. Mark the effectiveness of oral rehydration in the treatment of acute diarrhea in children: A. The diarrhea will stop B. Prevention of dehydration C. Decrease the duration of diarrhea D. Reduce the stool frequency E. Reduce the degree of dehydration ACD 7.Indicate the rules of treatment of acute diarrheal disease in children at home: A. Administration of higher amounts of liquids than usual B. Administration of antibiotics orally C. Continue to feed the child D. Administration of eubiotics E. Go to the doctor if the child's condition is getting worse: he can not drink or refuses the breastfeeding; appears bloody stool ACE 8. Select the therapy indicated in decompensated intestinal dismicrobism in children: A. Bacteriophages B. Enzymes C. Antibiotics D. Antiparasitic drugs E. Antivirals ABC 9. Select the drugs indicated in the antibacterial treatment of children with cholera: A. Co-trimoxazole B. Furazolidon C. Tetracycline D. Gentamicin E. Erythromycin CDE 10. Choose indications for hospitalization of children with diarrheal diseases: A. Acute diarrhea with signs of severe dehydration B. Acute diarrhea with signs of moderate dehydration in children with severe malnutrition C. Acute diarrhea without signs of dehydration, fever (38 ° C) D. Persistent diarrhea without signs of dehydration in children after 1 year E. Bloody diarrhea ABE 11. Select the diseases for which metronidazole is indicated: A. Gram negative anaerobic infections B. Amebiasis C. Staphylococcal infection D. Giardiasis E. Food poisoning ABD 12. Specify the antimicrobial spectrum of co-trimoxazole: A. Escherichia coli B. Shigella C. Salmonella D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa E. Giardia lamblia ABC 13. Select pathogens that possess sensitivity to generation cephalosporins II-nd generation: A. Escherichia coli B. Pseudomonas aeruginosa C. Shigella D. Haemophilus influenzae E. Enterococcus ACD 14. Specify the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy in acute intestinal infections in children: A. Acceleration the clinical healing B. Decrease the degree of dehydration C. Reduce the frequency of vomiting D. Decrease infectivity E. Reduce the time of the germs elimination ADE 15. Mark the diseases in children under 5 years of age, to who antidiarrheal (loperamide, imodium) are contraindicated: A. Shigellosis B. Salmonellosis C. Noninfectious diarrhea (irritable colon) D. Campylobacteriosis E. Intestinal dismicrobism ABD 16. Choose the food poisoning in children where antibiotic therapy is indicated: A. With Staphylococcus B. With Salmonella in new-born C. With Salmonella in infants D.With Rotavirus E. With Bacillus cereus ABC 17. Specify on what depends the volume of solution for oral rehydration of the child with acute diarrhea: A. Age B The degree of dehydration C. The etiology of the disease D. Fever E. Body weight ABE 18. Mark the situations where oral rehydration will be ineffective and will NOT be indicated in a child with acute diarrhea: A. Repeated vomiting B. Moderate dehydration C. fever (39-40° C) D. Paralytic ileus (intestinal paresis) E. Severe dehydration ADE 19. Mark priorities for oral rehydration versus infusion rehydration in the treatment of acute diarrhea in children: A Lower cost B. Decreases the fever C. Active participation in this process of parents D. The possibility of continuing the feeding E. Decrease the duration of diarrhea ACD 20. Choose the complications of perfusion rehydration in children with acute diarrheal disease: A. Pneumonia B. Sepsis C. Phlebitis D. Psychological trauma E. Pyelonephritis BCD 21. Select the indications for i/v rehydration in children with acute diarrhea: A. Moderate dehydration B. Severe dehydration C. Infants D. Paralytic ileus E. Repeated vomiting BDE 22. Specify the efficacy of oral rehydration correctly performed in acute diarrhea in children: A. Prevention of death in intestinal infections in children B. Reduce the number of intravenous infection C. Prevent the progress of dehydration D. Stopping the diarrhea E. Increase the price of treatment ABC 23. Indicate the antimicrobial drugs recommended for children with acute diarrheal diseases (bloody stools): A. Nifuroxazid B. Furazolidone C. Amoxicillin D. Lincomycin E. Penicillin ABC ADENOVIRUS INFECTION Simple Choice 1. Indicate the characteristic symptom of adenovirus infection in children: A.Generalized adenopathy B. Purulent tonsillitis C. Nasal obstruction D. Hepatosplenomegaly E. Membranous conjunctivitis E 2. The clinical picture of adenoviral infection is manifested by the followings except: Select the clinical sign that will NOT be present in adenovirus: A. Prolongedfever B. Signs of moderate general toxicity C. Respiratory signs D. Lymphadenopathy E. The jaundice of sclera and skin E 3.Indicate the sign that suggests the presence of adenovirus infection in children: A. Skin urticaria B. Nasal bleeding C. Hypertension D. Membranous conjunctivitis E. Pulmonary emphysema D 4.Specify the group of lymph nodes, which are affected predominantly in adenovirus infection in children: A. Occipital B. Diaphragmal C. Cervical  D. Supraclavicular E. Inguinal C 5.Mark the clinical sign of adenovirus infection that in infants differs from other acute respiratory infections: A.Dry cough B. Diarrhea C. Hemoptysis D. Toxic infectious shock E. Pancreatitis B 6.Select the FALSE adenovirus replication site: A.Bronchial mucosa B. Lymphatic tissue C. Liver parenchyma D. Upper respiratory mucosa E. Genital mucosa E 7. Note the type of secretion in adenovirus which can NOT be isolated: A. Nasopharyngealsecretion B. Conjunctivitissecretion C. Feces D. Blood E. Secondary sources, rash E 8. Indicate the INCORRECT statement regarding the face of the patient with adenoviral infection: A. Moderately congested B. Swollen eyelids C. Abundant rhinorrhea D. Serous eyes secretions E. Jaundice of the sclera E 9. Mark the statement, which is NOT specific for adenoviral conjunctivitis: A. Signs of conjunctiva irritation B. ʺSand in the eyeʺfeeling C. Severe eye congestion D. Vesicles and ulcerations on the conjunctiva E. Edema and fibrinous membranes on the conjunctiva D 10. Select the syndrome, which does NOT occur in adenoviral infection:  A. Fever B. Icteric syndrome C. Toxic syndrome D. Gastrointestinal disorders, diarrhea E. Mesenteric lymphadenopathy B Multiple choice 1.Mark the adenovirus penetration pathways in the child's body: A. Injured skin B. Mucous membranes of the digestive tract C. Mucous membranes of the respiratory tract D. Blood E. Conjunctiva BCE 2.Select adenovirus glandular tissue disorders: A. Mesenteric lymphadenitis B. Tonsillitis C. Adenoiditis D. Parotitis E. Pancreatitis ABC 3.Name the common complications in adenovirus infection in children: A. Sinusitis B. Pancreatitis C. Otitis D. Pneumonia E. Cervical lymphadenopathy ACD 4.Indicatet the manifestations of adenoviral pharyngo-conjunctivitis in children: A. Prolonged undulated fever B. Positive meningeal signs C. Granular pharyngitis D. Follicular conjunctivitis E. "Raspberry" tongue ACD 5.Select adenoviral infection syndromes in children: A.Cholestaticsyndrome B. Catarrhal respiratory signs C. Pseudomembranous conjunctivitis D. Pharyngeal conjunctival fever E. Aphthous stomatitis BCD 6.Select diseases, which should be distinguished from adenoviral infection in children: A. Enterovirus herpangina B. Diphtheria tonsillitis C. Herpetic keratitis D. Pertussis E. Mumps ACD 7.Mark the basic clinical symptoms of adenovirus: A. Fever B. Respiratory catarrhal signs with abundant secretions C. Pronounced headache D. Red dermography E. Conjunctivitis ABE 8.Indicate the particularities of adenovirus infection in infants: A. Nasal obstruction B. Catarrhal conjunctivitis C. Diarrhea D. Disorders of sweat gland function E. Roseola rash ABC 9. Indicate the landmark signs of adenoviral infection in children: A. Abdominal pain in the upper abdomen with irradiationin the back, repeated vomiting B. Slow onset with progressive respiratory catarrh C. Signs of moderate general toxicity D. Dry cough E. Exudative character of inflammation BCE 10.Select medicines used to treat children with adenovirus infection at home: A. Desoxyribonuclease (0.05% drops) - nose and eyes B. Paracetamol in case of fever (38 ° C and more) C. Hot drinks D. Remantadine E. Metronidazole ABC 11. Indicate the ARI with diarrhea syndrome in young children: A.Influenza B. Adenovirus infection C. Infections with Coxsackie viruses D. Rhinovirus infections E. Infection with respiratory syncytial virus BCE 12. Determine the character of conjunctivitis in adenovirus infection in children: A. Membranous B. Erythematous C. Hemorrhagic D. Follicular E. Necrotic ABD 13.Mark the correct statements about diarrhea syndrome in adenovirus infection in children: A. Affects young children B. Repeated watery stools without mucus and blood C. Green stools with mucus and blood D. Favorable evolution in 3-4 days E. Diarrhea is maintained for a long time (persistent diarrhea) ABD CHICKENPOX / VARICELLA Simple choice 1. Specify the most informative skin element in varicella diagnosis: A. Pustula (pimple) B. Macula C. Papula D. Crust E. Vesicle E 2. Select in which severe infectious disease in children the therapy with corticosteroids is contraindicated: A. Measles B. Chickenpox/Varicella C. Mumps D. Influenza E. Scarlet fever B 3. Indicate the infectious disease, in which rash occurs in several eruptive waves (eruptions): A. Chickenpox B. Meningococcal infection C. Scarlet fever D. Rubella E. Infectious mononucleosis A 4. Indicate the infection disease in which can appear vesicles on the oral mucosa: A. Measles  B. Chickenpox C. Mumps D. Rubella E. Scarlet fever B 5. Indicate the clinical signs during pre-eruptive (prodromal) period of chickenpox: A. Pronounced catarrhal signs B. Mild general signs C. Abdominal pain D. Repeated vomiting E. Frequent liquid stools B 6. Select the disease with scarlet fever-like transitory rash during prodromal/preeruptive period A. Measles B. Rubella C. Infectious mononucleosis D. Scarlet fever E. Chickenpox E 7. Select infectious disease with vesicular exanthema: A. Measles B. Rubella C. Chickenpox D. Infectious mononucleosis E. Typhoid fever C 8. Specify the possible clinical sign in the prodromal period of varicella: A. Splenomegaly B. Frequent liquid stools C. Rough breathing, wet rales D. Hepatomegaly E. Scarlet fever-like, rubella-like rash E 9. Specify the site of accumulation of Varicella-Zoster virus in patients who have received varicella: A. Dorsal spinal ganglion cells B. Cerebrospinal fluid C. Liver D. The gray matter of the brain E. Meninges A 10. Choose the category of people to whom varicella may have benign development: A. Adults B. Teenagers C. Immunocompetent children D. Immunocompromised children E. Pregnant women C 11. Specify specific indication for the treatment of varicella: A. Amantadine B. Ribavirin C. Interferon D. Rimantadine E. Acyclovir E 12. Specify in which category of patient’s corticosteroids are indicated in chickenpox: A. Pregnant women B. Patients with severe forms C. Infants D. Patients with encephalitis E. Patients with AIDS D 13. Select the disease in which Acyclovir is the drug of choice: A. Measles B. Influenza C. Adenoviral infection D. Rotavirus infection E. Chickenpox E 14. Specify the primary gateway and replication of the Varicella-Zoster virus: A. Upper respiratory mucosa B. Salivary glands C. Oral mucosa D. Damaged skin E. Genital mucosa A 15. Indicate the location of varicella eruptions, unlike other diseases with exanthema: A. Facial skin B. Flexor parts of the limbs C. Extensor parts of the limbs D. Palm and soles E. The hairy part of the scalp E 16. Mark body area where there are no Chickenpox eruptions: A. Trunk B. Palms and soles C. Upper limbs D. The hairy part of the scalp E. Mucous membrane B 17. Select the illness in which the patient will form crusts after rash A. Measles B. Rubella C. Scarlet fever D. Chickenpox E. Typhoid fever D 18. Select one of the following disease for which it is characteristic the " false polymorphism " of eruptive elements: A. Herpes simplex B. Herpes zoster C. Rubella D. Chickenpox E. Measles D 19. Select the primary infection caused by Varicella-Zoster virus A. Herpes simplex B. Herpes zoster C. Cytomegalovirus D. Infectious mononucleosis E. Chickenpox E 20. Indicate the categories of people who may be suffering from severe varicella, hemorrhagic form: A. Children under 1 year B. Children with malnutrition C. Adults D. Children treated long time with corticosteroids E. Children with rickets D 21. Select the most common complication of chickenpox in young children: A. Meningitis B. Encephalitis C. Pyoderma D. Myocarditis  E. Myelitis C 22. Select one of the following diseases in which appear vesicles on the oral mucosa: A. Measles B. Mumps C. Chickenpox D. Rubella E. Scarlet fever C Multiple choice 1. Characterize the vesicles in chickenpox: A. They are painful B. They are itchy C. They have clear content D. Are generalized (on the whole body) E. Are located deep in the skin BCD 2. Specify the categories of people who will be treated with Acyclovir in chickenpox: A. Children 2-4 years old B. Patients with sepsis C. Pregnant women D. Patients with HIV / AIDS E. Newborns CDE 3. Choose infectious diseases with exanthema, in which the eruption will develop with crusting: A. Chickenpox B. Measles C. Rubella D. Herpes simplex E. Herpes zoster ADE 4. Choose the chickenpox categories of patients for which the prognosis is reserved: A. Pregnant women B. Adults C. Patients with HIV / AIDS D. Preschool children E. Young children ABC 5.Indicate chickenpox neurological complications: A. Serous meningoencephalitis  B. Purulent meningoencephalitis C. Polyradiculoneuropathy D. Encephalitis E. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis ACD 6. Indicate the confirmation criteria for varicella diagnosis: A. Isolation of Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) in cell culture B. Immunofluorescence examination of the vesicular content C. Contact with patients with herpes zoster D. Contact with patients with herpes simplex E. CBC (leucocyte formula) ABC 7. Select the categories of patients with varicella in generalized form: A. Teenagers B. Children aged between 3-7 years C. Patients treated with corticosteroids for more than 2 weeks D. Neonates E. Patients with organ transplants CDE 8. Characterize the Chickenpox exanthema: A. Appears in 2-3 waves and more B. Macules, papules, vesicles C. It appears in stages, from the top to bottom in a few days D. Leaves pigmentation E. Forms crusts ABE 9. Specify to which categories of people varicella occurs in the severe form: A. Teenagers B. Young children C. Pregnant women D. Preschool children E. Patients with leukemia ACE 10. Indicate the treatment of varicella meningoencephalitis: A. Anti-inflammatory steroids B. Antibiotics (intrathecal) C. Decompressive lumbar puncture D. Acyclovir E. Diuretics ADE 11. Choose the diseases where the enanthema appears: A. Mumps B. Measles C. Chickenpox D. Pertussis E. Scarlet fever BCE 12. Choose the medicines that can be indicated for Varicella/chickenpox treatment: A. Antipyretics B. Acyclovir C. Processing vesicles with antiseptic solutions D. Ribavirin E. Antibiotics ABC 13. Indicate chickenpox specific complications (in Varicella-Zoster virus): A. Primary pneumonia B. Encephalitis (cerebellitis) C. Purulent meningitis D. Cerebellitis with acute cerebral ataxia E. Erysipelas ABD 14. Select clinical signs characteristic for prodromal period in chickenpox: A. Abdominal pain B. Rash similar to scarlet fever C. Moderate intoxication D. Moderate fever E. Diarrhea BCD 15. Choose the clinical signs characteristic for cerebelitis in varicella: A. Fever, vertigo, vomiting B. Hemorrhagic rash on lower limbs C. Ataxia, tremor D. Jaundice of the skin E. Speech disorders ACE 16. Specify the rash character in chickenpox: A. Redness/erythema B. Macula C. Star-like hemorrhagic rash with central necrosis D. Papula E. Vesicles BDE 17. Select the congenital malformations in varicella: A. Limb hypoplasia B. Heart defect C. Microphalmia, cataracts, chorioretinitis D. Abnormalities in urinary tract development E. Microcephaly, hydrocephalus, cortical atrophy ACE 18. Specify which of the following statements are characteristic for meningoencephalitis in chickenpox: A. More often occurs during crust forming B. Death in 70-80% of cases C. Fever, progressive headache D. Seizures, disturbances of consciousness, signs of cerebral damage E. The cerebrospinal fluid presents neutrophilic pleocytosis ACD 19. Indicate the signs of severity in chickenpox: A. Central nervous system involvement (signs of general intoxication, consciousness disorders, seizures) B. The large number of eruptive elements C. Digestive tract damage D. Hemorrhagic character of the eruptions E. Hepatosplenomegaly ABD 20. Describe the vesicle in varicella: A. Polymorph in dimensions B. Unilocular C. Located on affected skin D. Located deep in the skin E. The content is clear ABE 21. Mark the characteristics of chickenpox, the hemorrhagic form: A. Appears in immunosuppressed children B. Favorable prognosis C. Signs of moderate intoxication D. The content of the vesicles becomes hemorrhagic after 2-3 days of onset, E. Evolving often to death ADE 22. Specify the characteristic criteria for generalized varicella: A. Newborns and immunosuppressed children can become infected  B. Mild evolution C. Punctiform rash on the skin's hyperemic background D. Abundant vesicular rash throughout the body and on the mucous membranes E. Pneumonia from onset of the disease ADE 23 Indicate the diseases in which meningoencephalitis is a real complication: A. Measles B. Rubella C. Scarlet fever D. Diphtheria E. Chickenpox ABE DIPHTHERIA Simple choice 1. Indicate the complication of pharyngeal diphtheria in children, which may occur in the localized membranous form: A. Pneumonia B. Maxillary sinusitis C. Paresis of the palatine arches D. Acute otitis E. Acute lymphadenitis C 2. Specify the type of inflammation in the typical pharyngeal diphtheria: A. Erythematous inflammation B. Fibrinous inflammation C. Necrotic inflammation D. Purulent inflammation E. Croup B 3.Indicate the disease in which the true croup is recorded: A. Influenza B. Diphtheria C. Parainfluenza D. Scarlet fever E. Pertussis B 4.Choose the basic indication for the specific treatment of diphtheria: A. Antibiotics B. Immunoglobulin C. Antidifteric serum D. Corticosteroids  E. Plasma C 5.Specify on which depends the dose of antitoxin serum in the treatment of diphtheria. A. The child's age B. Body weight C. Day of the disease in which serum treatment was started D. Clinical form of the disease E. Complications of the disease D 6. Indicate the decisive sign that allows rapid differentiation of toxic diphtheria with mumps: A. Cervical edema B. Fever C. Painful mastication D. Membranous tonsillitis E. Leukocytosis D 7. Indicate the antibiotic that is NOT used in the treatment of diphtheria: A. Penicillin B. Erythromycin C. Cefotaxime D.Chloramphenicol E. Ampicillin D 8. Specify characteristic manifestation of the diphtheria membranes: A. Consistent B. Are located "minus" tissue C. Detaches easily D. Have white-yellow color E. After detachment does not appear again A 9. Indicate the quality of diphtheria bacillus, which will influence the onset of severe forms of the disease: A. Pathogenicity B. Virulence C. Toxigenity D. Invasiveness E. Adhesion C 10. Indicate the laboratory test on which the etiologic diagnosis of diphtheria is based: A. Bacteriology B. Serological examination C. Virological examination D. Immunofluoreence E. Bacteriological examination E 11. Choose the action which will prevent death in case of diphtheria: A. Serotherapy B. Immunoprophylaxis C. Antibiotherapy D. Corticotherapy E. Detoxification therapy B 12. Choose the sign which allows to distinguish diphtheria from infectious mononucleosis: A. Fibrinous tonsillitis B. Hepatomegaly C. Hepatosplenomegaly D. Cervical edema E. Leukocytosis A 13. Indicate a general sign of toxemia that is NOT characteristic in diphtheria: A. Fever (38º-39ºC) B. Vomiting, nausea C. Intense asthenia D. Tachycardia E. Hypertension E 14. Indicate the type of tonsillitis where edema of palatine arches, uvula and pharynx occur: A. Tonsillitis Plaut-Vincent B. Necrotic tonsillitis in septic scarlet fever C. Tonsillitis in infectious mononucleosis D. Fibrinous tonsillitis in toxic diphtheria E. Tonsillitis with Candida D 15. Indicate the location of diphtheria with croup manifestation: A. Pharynx B. Larynx C. Conjunctiva D. Bronchi E. Nose B 16. Specify which variant is wrong on false membranes (diphtheria) A. Are located "+" tissue B. Removes hard C. They are consistent D. They are easily detachable E. When it is forcibly detached, leaves the mucous membrane bleeding D 17. Specify the duration of passive anti-diphtheria immunity, in infants born from immune mothers: A. 2 weeks B. 1 month C. 2 months D. 4-6 months E. 1 year D 18. Select the nervous complication specific diphtheria: A. Palatinate veil paralysis B. Encephalitis C. Reye's Syndrome D. Optical neuritis E. Acoustic neuritis A 19. Specify the CBC changes in diphtheria: A. Neutrophilic leukocytosis B. Leukocytosis with lymphocytosis C. Leukopenia with lymphocytosis D. Leucopenia with eosinophilia E. Eosinophilia with leukocytosis A 20. Indicate what factors will influence the prognosis of diphtheria: A. The type of diphtheria bacillus B. Localization of the infection C. Patient age D. The speed of the patient's detection and the treatment application E. Clinical form of the disease (typical or atypical) D 21. Indicate the clinical form of diphtheria in children immunized against diphtheria: A. Localized membranous form B. Hyper-toxic form C. Spread form D. Toxic form E. Subtoxic form A 22. Specify the most common localization and clinical form of diphtheria in children: A. Laryngeal diphtheria B. Pharyngeal diphtheria C. Nasal diphtheria D. Conjunctiva diphtheria E. Skin diphtheria B 23 Indicate the most common clinical form of pharyngeal diphtheria in children: A. Localized membranous form  B. Diffuse form C. Toxic form D. Hyper-toxic form E. Hemorrhagic form A 24. Characterize cervical edema in toxic pharyngeal diphtheria in children: A. Bilateral B. Unilateral C. Hard on palpation D. Painful E. With skin hyperemia A 25. Indicate the disease in which the aphonia is installed: A. Acute stenotic laryngotracheitis (false croup) B. Laryngeal papillomatosis C. The foreign body in the larynx D. Laryngeal diphtheria (true croup) E. Bronchopneumonia D 26. Choose the complication of pharyngeal diphtheria, which may evolve to death: A. Toxic nephrosis B. Polyneuropathy C. Toxic myocarditis D. Toxic nephritis E. Toxic hepatitis C Multiple choice 1. Select the most common locations of extra-pharyngeal diphtheria: A Laryngeal diphtheria B. Conjunctival diphtheria C. Nasal diphtheria D. Genital diphtheria E. Skin diphtheria ABC 2. Mark the organs most affected by toxic diphtheria: A. Lungs B. Cord C. Pancreas D. Kidneys E. Peripheral and cranial nerves BDE 3. Indicate the clinical forms of diphtheria, where false membrane can be seen, spread on tonsils and neighboring mucous membranes: A. Spread pharyngeal diphtheria B. Toxic pharyngeal diphtheria C. Localized pharyngeal diphtheria D. Nasal diphtheria E. Toxic pharyngeal diphtheria + laryngeal diphtheria ABE 4. Indicate the specific complications of diphtheria: A. Pneumonia B. Toxic myocarditis C. Otitis, lymphadenitis D. Polyneuropathy E. Toxic nephrosis BDE 5. Select the clinical forms of diphtheria with cervical edema: A. Spread pharyngeal diphtheria B. Laryngeal diphtheria + toxic pharyngeal diphtheria C. Localized pharyngeal diphtheria D. Toxic pharyngeal diphtheria E. Hyper-toxic pharyngeal diphtheria BDE 6. Select the clinical forms of pharyngeal diphtheria in children: A. Localized membranous form B. Localized follicular form C. Spread form D. Toxic form E. Associated forms with other locations ABC 7. Indicate the clinical signs of toxic pharyngeal diphtheria: A. Apathy, adynamy, paleness B. Congested face C. Narrow breathing difficult D. Cervical edema E. Sunken eyes ACD 8. Describe the false membranes on the tonsils in diphtheria: A. Detaches easily B. They are white-gray C. When they are forcibly detached, leaves the mucous membrane bleeding D. They are not destroyed between two blades E. They are friable BCD 9. Indicate the possible causes of child deaths in diphtheria:  A. Toxic myocarditis B. Toxic infectious shock C. Laryngeal stenosis D. Toxic nephrosis E. Toxic hepatitis ABC 10. Select the signs that indicate the presence of laryngeal stenosis in laryngeal diphtheria: A. Fever, signs of severe intoxication B. Respiratory failure C. Barking cough D. Hoarse voice E. Tachycardia BCD 11. Mark the clinical signs that characterize membranous localized pharyngeal diphtheria: A. Fever (39º-40ºC) B. Pain in swallowing C. False membranes on the tonsils D. Moderate pharyngeal hyperemia E. Swollen submandibular lymph nodes CDE 12. Specify in which clinical forms of diphtheria corticosteroid should be indicated: A. Spread pharyngeal diphtheria B. Laryngeal diphtheria C. Toxic pharyngeal diphtheria D. Nasal diphtheria E. Hyper-toxic pharyngeal diphtheria BCE 13. Select the most common complications of pharyngeal diphtheria in children: A. Pyelonephritis B. Toxic nephrosis C. Toxic myocarditis D. Pneumonia E. Toxic neuropathy BCE 14. Characterize specific immunity in diphtheria: A. Sustainable immunity B. Short-term immunity C. Anti-toxic immunity D. Antimicrobial immunity E. Type-specific immunity ACD 15. Indicate the signs present in hyper-toxic pharyngeal diphtheria: A. Fever  B. Convulsions C. Hypotension D. Disorders of coniousness E. Rash BCD 16. Select the laboratory examinations, based on which will be established the confirmed diagnosis of diphtheria: A. Bacterioscopy B. Bacteriological examination C. Serological examination D. Immunoassay E. Virology BCD 17. Mark the most effective antibiotics in the treatment of diphtheria: A. Ampicillin B. Erythromycin C. Gentamicin D. Penicillin E. Cephalosporins gen. III BDE 18. Select signs that are NOT characteristic of toxic pharyngeal diphtheria: A. Pharyngeal edema B. Intense pain in swallowing C. Cervical edema D. False membranes ONLY on tonsils E. Swollen laterocervical and occipital lymph nodes BDE 19. Select factors that affect the pathogenesis of toxic diphtheria: A. Very toxic strains B. Lack of local defense C. Crossing the diphtheria bacillus into circulation D. Septic complications produced by diphtheria bacilli E. Bacterial associations (with streptococci, pathogenic staphylococcus, anaerobes) ABE 20. Indicate criteria for hospitalization of children with signs of diphtheria: A. Severe forms of diphtheria B. Diphtheria with complications C. Lacunar tonsillitis D. Associated clinical forms (affection of pharynx, larynx, nose etc.) of diphtheria E. Erythematous tonsillitis ABD 21. Indicate the side effects of serum therapy in diphtheria in children: A. Allergic rash  B. Serum disease C. Anaphylactic shock D. Toxic-infectious shock E. Seizures ABC 22. Select atypical forms of pharyngeal diphtheria in children: A. Asymptomatic form (diphtheria bacilli carriers) B. Anicteric form C. Erythematous form D. Follicular form E. Frust form ACD 23. Indicate nervous system disorders in children with diphtheria: A. Toxic Infectious Encephalopathy (neurotoxicosis) B. Encephalitis C. Peripheral toxic neuropathy D. Meningitis E. The glossopharyngeal neuritis ACE 24. Indicate urgent conditions in diphtheria in children: A. Toxic infectious shock B. Bronchiolitis C. Neurotoxicosis (acute cerebral edema) D. Diphtheria (stenosis II, III) E. Hepatic failure ACD 25. Determine non-specific complications of diphtheria: A. Paralysis of palatine veil B. Maxillary sinusitis C. Myocarditis D. Pyelonephritis E. Pneumonia BDE ENTEROVIRUS INFECTION Single choice 1. Specify the location of vesicles in enteroviral herpangina in children: A. The oral mucosa B. The mucosa of the tongue C. Gums’ mucosa D. Mucosa of the palatine arches, uvula E. Conjunctivae D 2. Specify changes in cerebrospinal fluid in enteroviral meningitis: A Albuminorahy between 3 and 5 g / l B. Neutrophilic pleocytosis C. Lymphocytic pleocytosis D. Mixed pleocytosis E. Low glucose level C 3. Select the type of angina in enteroviral infection in children: A. Lacunar B. Follicular C. Herpangina D. Necrotic E. Membranous C 4. What symptom in children is NOT characteristic of enteroviral meningitis: A. Fever B. Productive cough C. Headache D. Neck stiffness E. Positive meningeal signs B 5. Mark the clinical syndrome of enterovirus infection that requires corticosteroid therapy: A. Herpangina B. Epidemic myalgia C. Meningoencephalitis D. Hepatitis E. Diarrhea C 6. Specify family of viruses which includes enteroviruses A. Adenoviridae B. Picornaviridae C. Herpesviridae D. Ortomyxoviridae E. Paramyxoviridae B 7. Specify the age of children predisposed to enteroviruses: A. Up to 3 months B. 1-2 years C. 3-10 years D. 10-14 years E. After 14 years C 8. Choose the etiological agent of herpangina: A. Coxsackie A virus B. Poliovirus  C. Cytomegalovirus D. Epstein-Barr virus E. Varicella-Zoster virus A 9. Indicate THE FALSE statement on enterovirus epidemiology in children: A. The source of infection is the patients and carriers of viruses. B. It is transmitted by direct contact, through air and by digestive way. C. It is transmitted through indirect contact. D. It is transmitted transplacental. E. It is transmitted parenterally. E 10. Indicate the incorrect statement regarding the clinical picture of enterovirus infection in children A. Acute onset, fever, headache, repeated vomiting B. Hyperemia of the skin (face, neck, trunk), injected sclera C. Hyperemia of the oral mucosa, fine granulation on the tonsillar pillars and uvula D. Hemorrhagic rash with irregular borders, with necrosis E. Lymph nodes are slightly increase, painless D 11. Select INCORRECT statement about the paralytic form of enterovirus in children: A. Paralysis occurs suddenly, unexpected B. The paralysis is flaccid C. Low muscle tonus D. Osteotendinous reflexes are exaggerated E. Unchanged sensitivity D 12. Indicate the INCORRECT statement on enteroviral meningitis in children: A. Acute onset with sudden fever (39.0 to 40.0 ° C) B. Headache, repeated vomiting, seizures C. Positive meningeal signs D. Lymphocyte pleocytosis (200-300 cells / mm 3) E. Reduced glucose level E 13. Specify the INCORRECT statement about herpangina in enterovirus infection in children. A. It develops in combination with other clinical forms. B. Vesicle appear in the first days of illness, 1-2 mm in diameter. C. The vesicles are localized on palatine arches, uvula, tonsils. D. Vesicles are located on the cheek mucosa, gums, soft palate and hard palate E. Vesicles ulcerate quickly, forming superficial erosions with healing in 2-5 days. D 14. Indicate the INCORRECT statement about the intestinal form of enterovirus in children: A. Is characteristic for older children and adolescents B. Acute onset with fever C. Associated with catarrhal syndrome D. Diarrheal stool (5-10 times / day), aqueous, undigested E. Colitis is absent  A 15. Exclude UNNECESSARY investigation in the diagnosis of enterovirus infections: A Lumbar puncture B. Virological examinations (CSF, oropharyngeal secretions, stool) C. Blood culture D. Indirect hemagglutination reaction E. Complement fixation reaction C 16. Determine the INCORRECT statement about acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in enterovirus in children: A. Acute onset in combination with other clinical forms B. Pronounced eye pain, lacrimation, photophobia C. Eyelid edema, pronounced conjunctiva hemorrhage D. Initially serous, then purulent elimination E. Fibrinous membranes on conjunctiva E 17. Specify the incorrect indication in the treatment of uncomplicated enteroviral infection: A. Antibiotics B. Analgesics C. Antipyretics D. Anti- inflammatory drugs E. Antihistamines drugs A Multiple choice 1. Indicate enteroviral meningitis changes in cerebrospinal fluid: A. Hypertensive cerebrospinal fluid B. Slightly increased albumin level C. Cerebrospinal fluid id cloudy D. With neutrophilic pleocytosis E. With lymphocytic pleocytosis ABE 2. Select the clinical signs of enteroviral meningitis in children: A. Acute onset of fever (39.0 to 40.0 ° C) B. Headache, repeated vomiting C. Positive meningeal signs D. Hemorrhagic rash on lower limbs E. Signs of severe dehydration ABC 3. Select characteristic symptoms of paralytic form in enteroviral infection in children: A. Paralysis installs suddenly, unexpectedly B. Muscle weakness C. Flaccid paralysis D. Exaggerated osteotendinous reflexes E. Seizures ABC 4. Describe enteroviral herpangina: A. Fever  B. Sore throat C. Whitish deposits on the tonsils D. The sign of Filatov-Koplik E. Small vesicles, erosions on the palatine arches, uvula ABE 5. Specify the clinical forms of enterovirus infection in neonates and infants: A. Abdominal form B. Epidemic myalgia C. Encephalomyocarditis D. Enteroviral rash E. Paralytic form ACE 6. List clinical forms of enteroviral infection with predominant involvement of the nervous system: A. Myelitis B. Meningitis C. Polyradiculoneuropathy D. Encephalitis E. Paralytic form BDE 7. Characterize enteroviral epidemic myalgia in children: A. Muscle weakness B. The duration of a painful crisis from 30 seconds to several minutes C. Abolished osteotendinous reflexes D. Strong, durable thoracic and abdominal muscle pain E. Fever (38.0 to 40.0 ° C) BDE 8. Indicate basic clinical syndromes in enterovirus infection in children: A. Pneumonia B. Herpangina C. Diarrhea D. Meningitis E. Neurotoxicosis BCD 9. Select enteroviral infection clinical forms, predominantly affecting the mucous membranes and skin in children: A. Enteroviral fever B. Herpangina C. Myocarditis D. Enteroviral exanthema E. Catarrhal form BDE 10. Indicate the clinical forms of enteroviral infection in children that affect mostly the muscles: A. Epidemic myalgia B. Myocarditis C. Encephalomyocarditis in newborns D. Herpangina E. Myositis of gastrocnemius muscles ABC 11. Specify the character of enteroviral exanthema in children: A. Polymorphic rash B. Scarlet-like rash C. Rubella-like rash D. Pustules E. Vesicles ABC 12. Select the manifestations of congenital enteroviral infection in neonates: A. Mesenteric lymphadenitis B. Myocarditis C. Encephalomyocarditis D. Hepatitis E. Pancreatitis BCD 13. Select the drug groups needed for the treatment of enterovirus encephalomyocarditis in newborns: A. Antivirals B. Analgesics C. Anticonvulsants D. Corticosteroids E. Cardiac glycosides CDE 14. Specify the correct statements regarding enteroviral infection in newborns: A. Evident clinical signs B. Epidemic myalgia C. Common bacterial complications D. Protracted evolution E. Intestinal dysfunction ACE 15. Indicate the consequences of uveitis in enteroviral infection in children: A. Iris dystrophy (III-IV degree) B. Cataract C. Subatrophy of the eyeball D. Diplopia E. Strabismus ABC 16. Choose the paraclinical diagnostic tests for enteroviruses: A. Bacteriological B. Virological C. Immunofluorescence assay D. Bacterioscopy E. Serological BCE 17. Indicate the primary enterovirus accumulation sites: A. Mucous membranes of the upper airways B. Meninges  C. Peripheral lymph nodes D. Mucous membranes of the digestive tract E. Mucous membranes of the lower airways ACD 18. Specify the clinical signs of enteroviral encephalomyocarditis in newborns: A. Hyperthermia, somnolence, vomiting, anorexia B. Tachycardia, arrhythmia, deafened heart sound, systolic murmur C. Dyspnea, cyanosis D. Splenomegaly E. Signs of severe dehydration ABC 19. Specify the correct statements regarding enteroviral encephalomyocarditis: A. It is caused by Coxsackie B viruses B. It is recorded in newborns and infants in the first months of life. C. Transmission of infection may be transplacental. D. Mild evolution. E. Fatal cases are not recorded. ABC 20. Specify the correct statements about enteroviral fever in children: A. It is the rarest clinical form of enteroviral infection. B. It is the most common clinical form of enteroviral infection. C. It can be caused by different serotypes of Coxsackie and ECHO viruses. D. Acute onset with fever, headache, mild respiratory signs; the disease lasts for 2-4 days. E. Clinical diagnosis is easy. BCD 21. Specify the correct statements about intestinal form of enteroviral infection in children: A. It is characteristic for infants. B. The onset is acute, with fever and respiratory catarrh. C. Simultaneously appear diarrhea with aqueous undigested stools (5-10 times / day) D. Colitis is characteristic. E. The disease lasts for 2-4 days. ABC 22. Select biological materials that are virological tested for enteroviruses: A. Sputum B. Cerebrospinal fluid C. Oropharyngeal secretions D. Feces E. Urine BCD 23. Select the characteristic signs of all clinical forms of enteroviruses in children: A. Acute onset with sudden fever (39.0 to 40.0 ° C) B. Headache, dizziness, weakness, loss of appetite, repeated vomiting C. Hyperemia of the skin (face, neck, trunk), injected sclera D. False membranes on the tonsils E. Swelling of the cervical lymph nodes, are painful on palpation ABC 24. Specify the correct statements regarding herpangina in enteroviral infection in children: A. Small vesicles appear on tonsils, on palatine arches, uvula, with a redness area around. B. Vesicles appear on the cheeks, gums, soft palate and hard palate. C. Oral mucosa is edematous, erythematous D. Vesicles ulcerate quickly, forming superficial erosions. E. Erosions heal completely in 2-5 days. ADE 25. Specify FALSE statements regarding intestinal form in enteroviral infection: A. It is characteristic mainly for infants B. Acute onset with fever, respiratory catarrh C. Tenesmus, false calls D. It is characteristic for older children E. Stools with mucus and blood CDE 26. Specify the correct statements regarding enteroviral infection: A. Children’s receptivity is high. B. They are very contagious and can easily spread to children collectives C. Children under 3 months have transplacental immunity. D. Maximum morbidity is recorded in winter. E. There is crossed immunity. ABC 27. Specify the correct statements regarding hepatitis in enteroviral infection: A. It is recorded frequent B. Appears on background of fever, hyperemia of the skin and oropharyngeal mucosa, headache, vomiting C. Hepatomegaly D. Mild evolution E. Protracted or chronic evolution BCD ESCHERICHIOSIS Simple choice 1. Choose the clinical sign of escherichiosis in infants: A. Repeated, persistent vomit B. Seizures C. Positive meningeal signs D. Excavated abdomen E. Stool with mucus and blood A 2. Specify the character of stools in escherichiosis with enteropathogenic E. coli: A. Liquid, watery, whitish B. Watery, undigested, light yellow C. Liquid, with mucus and blood D. Semi-liquid with mucus E. Liquid, voluminous, greenish, with mucus B  3. Indicate the clinical sign of hypokalemia in infants: A. Fever B. Pronounced flatulence C. Bulging of anterior fontanelle D. Seizures E. Thirst B 4. Choose the basic indication for the treatment of acute intestinal infection in young children: A. Anti-diarrheal drugs (Imodium, Lopedium) B. Activated charcoal C. Antiemetics D. Oral rehydration E. Antivirals D 5. Choose which of the E. coli more frequently causes acute diarrheal disease in infants: A. Enteropathogenic E. coli B. Enteroinvasive E. coli C. Enterotoxigenic E. coli D. Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli E. Enteroadherent E. coli A 6. Specify the character of stools in echerichiosis with enterotoxigenic E. coli: A. Liquid, watery, appearance of "rice-porridge", odorless B. Poor, frequent, with plenty of mucus and blood streaks C. Abundant, watery, frothy, yellow D. Liquid, abundant, greenish, foul-smelling E. well formed with mucous and blood A 7. Mark the predominant intestinal microflora in infants: A. Escherichia B. Lactobacteria C. Candida D. Bacteria E. Doderlein bacillus B 8. Specify the section of the digestive tract affected by in enteroinvasive E. coli: A. Stomach B. Duodenum C. Ileum D. Cecum E. Colon E 9. Select the incorrect statement regarding oral rehydration in children: A. Contribute to prevent death B. Minimizes the number of intravenous injections C. Prevents nosocomial infections D. Contribute to save material values E. Reduce morbidity through acute intestinal infections E 10. Choose the main clinical sign of dehydration in infants: A. Fever B. Vomiting C. Decrease skin elasticity D. Tongue covered with white deposit E. Inflated abdomen C 11. Indicate the most important clinical manifestation in echerichiosis in infants: A. Diarrheal watery stools B. Liquid, greenish stools with mucus C. Seizures D. Signs of dehydration E. Rectal tenesmus D 12. Indicate the disease in children where severe dehydration occurs: A. Shigellosis B. Botulism C. Echerichiosis D. Subcompensated intestinal dysmicrobism E. Typhoid fever C 13. Select the incorrect statement on echerichiosis with enterohemorrhagic E. coli: A. Acute onset, abdominal pain, nausea, repeated vomiting, frequent stools B. The condition is improved after 2-4 days C. The condition is getting worse on day 2nd – 4th day, abdominal pain is intensifying, bloody stools appear D. Occur acute renal failure E. Appear haemolytic anemia B 14. Characterize escherichiosis vomiting in children: A. Appears after each meal B. "Coffee grounds" aspect C. Appears periodically D. Repeated, persistent E. It appears after coughing D 15. Select the INCORRECT statement regarding common clinical signs in escherichiosis and intestinal infection with staphylococcal infection in children: A. Acute onset, signs of progressive intoxication B. Persistent fever C. Anorexia, repeated vomiting, frequent, liquid stools, with mucous D. Feeble evolution E. Secondary sources of infection E 16. Select the INCORRECT statement regarding escherichiosis with enterotoxigenic E. coli: A. Liquid, watery, non-pathological stools B. Enterotoxigenic E. coli predominantly affect the ileum C. Stools without feces with mucous and blood streaks  D. Signs of toxicosis and dehydration E. Moderate hepatosplenomegaly C 17. Select the INCORRECT statement regarding escherichiosis with enteroinvasive E. coli in infants: A. Gradual onset B. Signs of toxicosis C. Watery stools with mucous and blood streaks D. Rectal tenesmus E. Signs of severe dehydration E 18 Indicate the etiological agent of escherichiosis in which hemolytic-uremic syndrome appear (Gasser's Syndrome): A. Enteropathogenic E. coli B. Enteroinvasive E.coli C. Enterotoxigenic E.coli D. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli E. Enteroadherent E. coli D 19. Specify on what is based the etiological diagnosis in escherichiosis: A. On epidemiological data B. On clinical data C. On signs of dehydration D. On disease evolution E. On positive stool cultures E 20. Exclude drugs that are contraindicated for young children with escherichiosis: A. Rehidron, Ringer solution B. Antidiarrheal, antiemetic C. Antibiotics, in invasive and septic type diarrhea D. Eubiotics E. Enzymes B Complement multiplu 1. Specify the particularities of enterohemorrhagic E. coli: A. Acute onset with abdominal pain B. Repeated vomiting C. Sangvinous stools D. Haemolytic-uremic syndrome E. Respiratory syndrome ACD 2. Select the clinical signs of escherichiosis with enteropathogenic E. coli: A. Diarrheal stools with mucus and blood B. Pronounced flatulence C. Abdominal cramps D. Intensive yellow diarrheal stools E. Severe dehydration BDE  3. Select characteristic escherichiosis complications in infants: A. Intestinal dysmicrobism B. Hydrocephalus C. Paralytic ileus D. Pneumonia E. Intestinal pneumatosis ACE 4. Indicate the clinical signs characteristic for escherichiosis with enteroinvasive E. coli: A. Fever B. Signs of pronounced intoxication C. Mucus and blood streaks D. Hepatosplenomegaly E. Respiratory catarrh ABC 5. Select the clinical signs characteristic for escherichiosis with enteropathogenic E. coli: A. Repeated, insistent vomiting B. Pronounced dehydration C. Meteorism, liquid, watery, yellowish stools D. Excavated abdomen E. Beant or resilient anus ABC 6. Determine the treatment of escherichiosis, mild forms in children: A. Antibiotics B. Water and food pause C. Oral rehydration D. Symptomatic treatment E. Eubiotic during the repair period CDE 7. Select diseases for differential diagnosis of acute diarrheal disease in children: A. Gastroduodenitis B. Acute colecistitis C. Intussusception D. Acute appendicitis E. Nonspecific ulcerative colitis CDE 8. Choose medicines for etiological therapy in case of escherichiosis in children: A. Ampicillin B. Nifuroxazid C. Amoxicillin D. Penicillin E. Erythromycin ABC 9. Indicate factors that contribute to the appearance of escherichiosis in infants: A. Little age B. Artificial nutrition C. Natural feeding D. Summer-autumn season E. The intestinal dysmicrobism ABE 10. Select clinical syndromes more commonly present in children with escherichiosis:  A. Gastritis B. Gastroenteritis C. Enterocolitis D. Colitis E. Gastroenteritis BCE 11. Indicate the maladies for which is characteristic secretory diarrhea: A. Shigellosis B. Salmonellosis C. Escherichiosis with enteropathogenic E. coli D. Escherichiosis with enterotoxigenic E. coli E. Cholera CDE 12. Select the correct statements about escherichiosis with enterotoxigenic E. coli: A. Is a nosocomial infection B. Are recorded sporadic and group cases C. Children get sick after 1 year of life D. Watery stools with a "rice porridge" aspect E. Liquid stools with mucus and blood streaks BCD 13. Choose the clinical signs characteristic for escherichiosis with entero-invasive E. coli: A. Acute onset with fever (38.0-39.0 ° C), chills B. Abdominal pain, tenesmus, false calls C. Voluminous, undigested, bright yellow stools D. Liquid stools with mucus and blood streaks E. Hepatosplenomegaly ABD 14. Specify the correct statements about escherichiosis with enteroinvasive E. coli: A. Have the aspect of dysentery B. Takes place the invasion of the epithelial cells of the ileum and colon C. Morphological: erosive-ulcerative inflammation of the intestinal mucosa D. Develops severe dehydration E. Haemolytic-uremic syndrome is characteristic ABC 15. Indicate the clinical signs characteristic for enterotoxigenic E. coli: A. Acute onset with repeated vomiting and diarrhea B. Signs of pronounced intoxication, seizures C. Pain in the epigastrium D. Watery stools with a "rice porridge" appearance E. Tenesmus, false calls ACD 16. Determine the morphopathological changes in enterotoxigenic E. coli escherichiosis in children: A. Detachment of intestinal epithelium B. Catarrhal and desquamative lesions C. Pneumatosis of the intestine D. Necrotic-hemorrhagic changes E. Catarrhal enteritis ACE 17. Indicate the causes of deaths for escherichiosis:  A. Rectal prolapse B. Neurotoxicosis C. Severe dehydration D. Diseases associated with complications E. Splenomegaly BCD 18. Specify diagnostic criteria for escherichiosis in children: A. Ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs B. Epidemiological data C. Clinical data D. Positive stool cultures E. Cytological exam of feces BCD 19. Name the paraclinical data characteristic for escherichiosis with enterohemorrhagic E. coli: A. Anemia, thrombocytopenia B. Hyperbilirubinemia on account of unconjugated fractions C. Increased level of urea and creatinine D. Hyperglycemia E. Normal prothrombin level ABC 20. Select the escherichiosis where antibiotic therapy is indicated: A. Escherichiosis with enteropathogenic E. coli, severe forms B. Escherichiosis with enterotoxigenic E. coli C. Escherichiosis with enteroinvasive E. coli D. Escherichiosis, generalized forms E. Escherichiosis with enteroadherent E. coli ACD 21. Specify the correct statements on escherichiosis with enteropathogenic E. coli: A. Children are affected in their first year of life B. In the small intestine, appears an erythematous inflammation of the mucosa C. Toxic and dehydration syndromes are characteristic D. False calls, tenesmus E. Poor stools with mucus and blood strips ABC 22. Specify the correct statements about escherichiosis with enterohemorrhagic E. coli: A. Diarrhea with blood streaks B. There are frequent eruptions in collectives C. Only school children are affected D. Haemolytic-uremic syndrome is characteristic E. Liquid, abundant stools without pathological inclusions ABD 23. Choose the clinical forms of escherichiosis in infants where antibiotics will be given: A. Mild and medium forms B. Severe forms C. Septic form D. Mild and medium forms with bacterial superinfection (complications) E. Mild forms with no dehydration BCD  24. Choose the medicines indicated for the treatment of escherichiosis during the convaleence period: A. Antivirals B. Antifungals C. Enzymes D. Eubiotics E. Vitamins CDE 25. Specify the diet in acute diarrheal diseases in children: A. Reduction of carbohydrates and lipids B. Restriction of proteins C. Restriction of proteins, lipids, sugars D. Exclusion of mechanical, chemical and thermal excitations E. Exclusion of food which produce flatulence ADE 26.Specify the etiological diagnosis methods that confirm escherichiosis in large children: A. Bacteriological method (stool culture) B. PCR C. Serological methods D. Cytological exam of face’s E. CBC ABC 27. Specify the differentiation criteria for escherichiosis and rotavirus infection: A. Leukocytosis, neutrophilia B. Onset of acute illness with fever and pronounced intoxication C. Persistent vomiting, liquid, watery, intense yellow stool D. Watery, whitish, foamy stool E. Direte respiratory catarrh ABC 28. Specify correct statements on escherichiosis with enteropathogenic E. coli in newborns and premature infants: A. Nosocomial infection B. Generalized septic forms C. Diarrheal syndrome does not manifest in all cases D. Diarrheal syndrome occurs frequently at the onset of the disease E. Mild evolution without consequences ABD HERPES INFECTION Single choice 1. Characterize the picture of herpes stomatitis (gingivostomatitis) in young children: A. Tonsillitis with purulent deposits B. Hyperemia, vesicles and erosions of the oral mucosa C. Pustular eruptions on the mouth mucosa D. Respiratory catarrhal signs E. Small white-yellow formations with red aura on the mucous membrane of the cheeks B 2. Select a manifestation of herpes infection (HSV-1), RARELY detected in young children: A. Herpetic gingivostomatitis B. Oro-nasal herpes C. Herpetic keratoconjunctivitis D. Herpes labialis E. Herpetic vulvovaginitis B 3. Indicate the disease in which there is a persistent pain in the area of the rash: A. Meningococcemia B. Rubella C. Yersiniosis D. Measles E. Herpes zoster E 4. Indicate the disease followed by the appearance of the vesicles on the oral mucosa: A. Measles B. Herpetic gingivostomatitis C. Mumps D. Rubella E. Scarlet fever B 5. Specify the disease that requires differentiation with Herpes Zoster: A. Measles B. Scarlet fever C. Herpes simplex D. Staphylococcal pyoderma E. Erysipelas C 6. Select the INCORRECT statement relating to neurological disorders in herpes infection: A. Presence of VHS type 1 in CSF by PCR B. Serous meningitis C. The most severe clinical form is herpes encephalitis. D. In case of herpes encephalitis, fever, seizures, disturbances of consciousness, paresis are common. E. CSF shows pleocytosis with predominance of neutrophils. E 7. Indicate the INCORRECT statement about herpes infection: A. It is one of the most widespread infections. B. It can affect domestic animals. C. It is caused by herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. D. It is one of the indicators of HIV / AIDS. E. It affects mainly epithelial tissue. B 8. EXCLUDE the location of the lesions with Herpes simplex: A. Genital mucosa B. The distal segment of the colon C. Oral mucosa D. The skin  E. The central nervous system B 9. Select the INCORRECT statements regarding the clinical forms of herpetic infection: A. Labial or oronasal herpes infection B. Ocular herpes C. Encephalitis D. Distal ulcerative colitis E. Gingivostomatitis D 10. Identify the INCORRECT statement about herpes infection: A. Transmission takes place by air, direct contact, genital, transplacentar and through transfusion. B. Infection with the HSV type 1 usually occurs in childhood with asymptomatic or subclinical evolution. C. Neonatal herpes transmission may be transplacental, or from surrounding persons (including medical staff) who suffer from herpes. D. Infection with HSV type 2 occurs in adolescence E. Herpes infection affects only older people. E 11. Identify the WRONG statement regarding the etiological treatment of herpetic infection: A. Diminish clinical manifestations of herpes infections B. Reduce the risk of relapse after the first episode of herpes C. Reduces patient contagiousness D. Reduce the frequency of complications E. Completely remove the herpes virus from the body E 12. Indicate the medicine that will NOT be indicated in herpes gingivostomatitis: A. Acyclovir, local Virolex in the ointment B. Antiseptic solutions C. Remantadine D. Oils (white sea buckthorn, rosehip, caratoline) locally, during the recovery period E. Acyclovir, orally C 13. Choose the sign, which is NOT characteristic for the cutaneous form of herpetic infection: A. Herpetic vesicular eruptions on the lips, mouth, nose, skin etc. B. Moderate local pain C. Hepatosplenomegaly D. Microscopic examination reveals polynuclear giant cells and intranuclear inclusions in the samples taken from the lesions E. Fever C 14. Choose the INCORRECT statement regarding herpes encephalitis in children: A. Herpetic encephalitis is characterized by severe course and high lethality. B. The prognosis of herpetic encephalitis is always severe. C. The lethality is lower in early treatment with acyclovir. D. 50% of survivors after herpetic encephalitis remain with serious neurological sequelae. E. Herpetic encephalitis can affect only newborns. E 15. Indicate the etiological treatment of herpes infection in children: A. Oseltamivir  B. Acyclovir C. Lamivudine D. Remantadine E. Ribavirine B Multiple choice 1. Specify the manifestations of herpes stomatitis (gingivostomatitis) in children: A. Pain in the mouth, accompanied by profuse salivation B. Erosive vesicular rash, redness and swelling of the oral and oropharyngeal mucosa C. Purulent deposits on the tonsils D. Painful cervical adenitis E. Deep/profuse ulcerations ABD 2. Select the indications on the treatment of herpes meningoencephalitis: A. Antimycotics B. Antibiotics (intrathecal) C. Detoxication and dehydration treatment D. Acyclovir E. Pathogenic and symptomatic treatment CDE 3. Indicate the correct statements regarding the pathogenesis of herpes infection: A. Viral latency B. Viral reactivation C. Cell immunosuppression D. Formation of young leukocytes (Türck cells) E. Interstitial edema of the glandular tissue (salivary gland, pancreas, testicle) ABC 4. Select the clinical manifestations of cutaneous herpes simplex: A. Pronounced catarrhal signs B. Itching, pain, "burning" in the area of affected skin C. Disseminated pustular rash D. Vesicular group eruptions E. Erosions after vesicles break BDE 5. Indicate the CSF changes in herpetic meningoencephalitis: A. Cloudy B. Xantocrom C. Clear D. Slightly opalescent E. Hypertensive CDE 6. Indicate the evolutionary forms of herpetic infection (IH): A. Primary herpes infection B. Recurrent herpes infection C. Latent herpes infection D. Herpes infection with cyclical evolution, without complications E. Herpes infection with complications and allergic manifestations ABC 7. Select the diagnostic tests for herpes infection:  A. Virological examination B. Immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA) C. Detection of the viral genome by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) D. Bacteriological examinations E. Biochemical tests ABC 8. Select correct statements about herpetic encephalitis: A. It is one of the most severe clinical forms of herpes infection. B. It affects people of all ages. C. It has an acute onset, with hyperthermia, vomiting, seizures, consciousness disorders. D. The clinical picture usually is dominated by signs of cerebellar damage. E. It is always accompanied by skin and/or mucous membranes sores. ABC 9. Indicate the causes of clinical relapses with reference to herpes infection: A. Antibiotic treatments B. Over-exertion C. Stress, acquired immunodeficiency D. Hypothermia E. Excessive use of salt BCD 10. Select specific manifestations of Herpes Zoster: A. Chickenpox in history B. Unilateral rash, limited to the area of the skin corresponding to a posterior nerve root C. Superficial erosions after vesicles rupture D. Intense local pain on the rash course E. Herpes eruptions localized in groups with fluid accumulation and unicameral vesicle ABD 11. Select the statements that characterize generalized herpes infection: A. Appears in neonates and patients with HIV / AIDS. B. Favorable prognosis. C. Severe evolution. D. Requires intravenous treatment with Acyclovir in high-dose. E. Diagnosis is based on clinical data, without etiology confirmation. ACD 12. Select the manifestations of herpes infection according to the affected area: A. Mucocutaneous B. Urogenital C. Articular D. Intestinal E. Neurological ABE 13. Select the diagnostic methods of herpes encephalitis: A. Cerebral Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) B. Virological examination of cerebrospinal fluid C. Detection of herpes virus DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in CSF D. Bacteriological examination of cerebrospinal fluid E. Immunoenzymatic assay tests ABC 14. Indicate the ways of herpes virus transmission:  A. Transplacental B. Transmission by contaminated objects C. Transmission through direct contact with a herpetic lesion D. Food E. Transmission through saliva ABC 15. Indicate the treatment of herpes gingivostomatitis in children: A. Immunomodulatory drugs B. Acyclovir ointments (Virolex) C. Antiseptic solutions D. Large-spectrum antibiotics E. Acyclovir orally BCE 16. Choose the illnesses with which herpes encephalitis should be differentiated: A. Rotavirus infection B. Influenza encephalitis C. Infectious mononucleosis D. Tuberculous meningoencephalitis E. Measles encephalitis BDE 17. Select the statements that characterize skin herpetic eruptions: A. Multiple, disseminated pustules B. Vesicles filled with clear fluid. C. Are preceded by burning or itching sensation of the skin. D. They appear simultaneously in groups E. Maculopapulous, confluent elements. BCD 18. Select the diagnostic methods of cutaneous herpes infection: A Bacteriological investigation B. Clinical examination (vesicular rash localized in groups) C. CBC D. Subjective data - burning or itching sensation of the skin, that precedes the rash appearance E. Virological investigations BDE 19. Specify the characteristics of herpes infection: A. Affects glandular tissue (salivary glands, pancreas, testicle) B Superficial cutaneous-mucosal cell damage with "balloon degeneration". C. Herpetic eruptions with clear content (unicameral vesicles) D. Affects the mucosa of the distal colon segment E. Acute viral encephalitis with signs of necrosis and severe consequences BCE 20. Choose the samples which will be collected for herpes virus isolation: A Sample from the conjunctiva B. Bile secretion C. Cerebrospinal fluid D. Urine E. Liquid from vesicles ACE 21. Choose the clinical forms of mucocutaneous herpes:  A. Rozenberg Erythem B. Herpetic keratoconjunctivitis C. Herpes eczema (Kaposi-Juliusberg) D. Layell Syndrome E. Herpetic gingivostomatitis BCE 22. Specify histomorphological changes in herpes infection: A. Cutaneous-mucosal surface cell damage with "balloon degeneration" B. Change of hepatic lobe architectonique with hepatocellular damage and degeneration C. In encephalitis - perivascular inflammation with hemorrhagic necrosis D. Polynuclear giant cells E. Ulcerative colitis in the colon mucosa ACD 23. Select the elective medicines indicated in the Herpes simplex virus infection: A. Acyclovir B. Penicillin C. Valacyclovir D. Famciclovir E. Tetracycline ACD 24. Mark the clinical form of herpes infection, which requires endovenous administration of acyclovir: A. Herpetic encephalitis B. Herpes labialis C. Herpetic gingivostomatitis D. Generalized herpes infection E. Neonatal herpes ADE 25. Choose the correct statements about herpes infection. A. There are congenital and acquired forms. B. Herpes infection affects especially the joints. C. The most common clinical form of herpes infection in children is herpetic gingivostomatitis. D. Herpetic encephalitis is one of the most severe clinical forms of herpes infection. E. Herpes labialis is a rare form. ACD INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS Simple choice 1.Indicate one of the main syndromes of infectious mononucleosis in children: A. Arthritis B. Encephalitis C. Generalized lymphadenopathy D. Pancreatitis E. Orchitis C  2. Indicate the group of syndromes that are usually found in infectious mononucleosis in children: A. Respiratory catarrh, exanthema, conjunctivitis B. Spasmodic cough, palpebral edema C. Jaundice of the sclera and skin, hepatosplenomegaly D. Tonsillitis, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly E. Fever, vomiting, headache, meningeal signs D 3. Indicate the method for highlighting the IgM type antibodies in infectious mononucleosis in children: A. Sic Test B. Dick Test C. Paul-Bunnel-Davidson Test D. ELISA test E. Agglutination reaction D 4. Choose the type of tonsillitis that is NOT characteristic for infectious mononucleosis in children: A. Erythematosus tonsillitis B. Follicular tonsillitis C. Lacunar tonsillitis D. Fibrinous tonsillitis E. Necrotizing tonsillitis E 5. Select the infectious disease in children, manifested by polyadenopathy: A. Viral Hepatitis A B. Parainfluenza C. Salmonellosis D. Infectious mononucleosis E. Pertussis D 6. Exclude THE INCORRECT indication in the treatment of severe forms of infectious mononucleosis in children: A. Bed rest B. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs C. Rigorous hygiene of the oral cavity D. Corticosteroids E. Ampicillin for bacterial superinfection E 13. Indicate the etiologic agent of infectious mononucleosis: A. Influenza virus B. Epstein-Barr Virus C. Herpes simplex virus type I D. Herpes simplex virus type II E. Varicella zoster virus (VZV) B 14. Indicate the family to which Epstein-Barr virus belongs: A. Picornaviridae B. Hepadnaviridae  C. Herpesviridae D. Togaviridae E. Paramyxoviridae C Multiple choice 1. Select viral infections that may develop with mononucleosic syndrome in children: A. Infection with respiratory syncytial virus B. Cytomegalovirus virus infection C. Rubella D. Mumps E. Infection with Epstein-Barr virus BCE 3. Indicate the correct statements in mononucleosic adenopathy in children: A. It is laterocervical B. It is occipital C. It has a generalized manifestation D. It may evolve to fistulization E. Lymph nodes are adherent, hard, painful ABC 4. Select the causes of acute cervical lymphadenopathy in children: A. Acute tonsillitis B. arlet fever C. Poliomyelitis D. Infectious mononucleosis A. Digitalis intoxication ABD 5. Indicate signs of affection of nasopharynx in infectious mononucleosis in children: A. Difficult nasal breathing B. Swelling of retronasal tonsils C. Frequent cough D. Noisy breathing with open mouth E. Purulent nasal eliminations ABD 6. Indicate the complications of infectious mononucleosis in children: A. Haemolytic anemia (autoimmune mechanism) B. Subcutaneous emphysema C. Spleen rupture D. Pulmonary hemorrhage E. Peritonsillar abess ACE 7. Indicate synonyms for infectious mononucleosis: A. Kiss disease B. Cat-ratch disease C. Monocytic tonsillitis D. Glandular fever E. Lyme disease ACD 9. Indicate the categories of persons who have maximum morbidity by infectious mononucleosis: A. Infants B. Prehools C. Adoleents D. Adults E. Young adults BCE MС 10. Indicate the clinical signs of infectious mononucleosis in children: A. Persistent fever B. Pseudomembranous tonsillitis C. Poliadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly D. Desquamation in flaps on palms and plants E. White dermographism ABC 11. Select the variants of evolution in infectious mononucleosis in children: A. Cyclic, without complications B. With complications C. Fulminant D. With sequelae E. Chronic ABE 13. Specify the particularities of EBV hepatitis in children compared with hepatitis B: A. More severe evolution B. Pronounced splenomegaly C. Persistent fever D. The presence of atypical mononuclear cells in the blood E. Pronounced jaundice of the skin and lerae BCD 17. Select the hematological changes in infectious mononucleosis in children: A. Moderate leukocytosis B. Leukocytosis with neutrophilia C. Leukocytosis with lymphocytosis D. Lymphomonocytosis with "atypical" lymphocytes E. Thrombocytopenia ACD 22. Indicate diseases caused by Epstein-Barr virus: A. Burkitt's lymphoma B. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma C. T-cell lymphoma D. Cervical carcinoma E. Infectious mononucleosis ABE 23. Indicate the characteristics of Epstein-Barr virus: A. Oncogenic potential B. The medullary tissue tropism C. Tropism to lymphoid tissue A. Entero-tropic B. Tissue tropism ABC  24. Indicate the Epstein-Barr virus transmission pathways: A. By kiss, with saliva B. By drops of saliva C. By transfusions of blood or plasma D. By insect bites E. By fecal-oral route ABC MEASLES Single choice 1. Indicate the sign, which is NOT characteristic of measles in infants: A. Poor/discret rash B. Abundant macro-maculo-papular rash C. Common complications D. Unstable immunity E. Filatov-Koplik sign B 2. Specify the neurological specific complication of measles: A. Neorotoxicosis B.Purulent meningitis C. Peripheral neuropathy D. Serous meningoencephalitis E. Purulent meningoencephalitis D 3. Select the malady in which subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (Dawson) can be a complication: A. Scarlet fever B. Measles C. Influenza D. Chickenpox E. Poliomyelitis B 4. Temperature curve in measles is: Choose the type of fever curve in measles: A. Undulant B. Biphasic C. Intermittent D. In plateau E. Febrile episodes B 5. Filatov-Koplik sign is pathognomonic in: Specify for wich malady the Filatov-Koplik sign is patognomonic: A. Rubella B. Scarlet fever C. Chickenpox D. Measles E. Infectious mononucleosis D 6. Note the character of rash in measles: A. Petechiae B. Vesicles  C. Pustules D. Macules, papules E. Punctiform micromacules D 7. Characterise the evolution of exanthema in measles: A. It occurs in the first, the second day of the disease B. Appears from bottom to top (from legs) C. It has a craniocaudal appearance within 24 hrs D. It has a craniocaudal appearance during 3 days E. Doesn’t leave pigmentation D 8. Choose the occurrence condition of the mitigated measles: A. Children immunized against measles B. Infants C. Adults D. Children, after administration of measles immunoglobulin or plasma E. Patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs D 9. Select the infectious disease with exanthema were skin pigmentation and furfuracea desquamation may appear: A. Scarlet fever B. Rubella C. Chickenpox D. Enteroviral infection with exanthema E. Measles D 10. Specify in wich infectious disease with exanthema occurs pigmentation: A. Rubella B. Scarlet fever C. Chickenpox D. Measles E. Enteroviral infection D 11. Specify the situs of measles virus replication, followed by primary viremia: A. The central nervous system B. Gastrointestinal tract C. Conjunctival mucosa D. The reticuloendothelial system E. Epithelium of the respiratory tract mucosa D 12. Indicate the disease in which are detected multinucleated giant cells (Warthin-Fienkeldey): A. Measles B. Scarlet fever C. Allergic dermatitis D. Chickenpox E. Pseudotuberculosis A 13. Indicate the infectious disease in which Hecht's giant cell pneumonia may be a complication: A. Scarlet fever B. Rubella  C. Mumps D. Measles E. Influenza D 14. Indicate the NON-SPECIFIC measles clinical sign: A. Conjunctivitis B. Gingivostomatitis C. Fever D. Membranous tonsilitis E. Maculopapular rash D 15. Mark the NON-SPECIFIC rash in measles: A. Maculopapular B. Vesicular C. Rozeola D. Nodular E. Hemorrhagic B 16. Indicate the sign, which is NOT characteristic for measles: A. Eyelid edema B. Cough C. Gingivitis, stomatitis D. Maculopapular rash E. Hepatosplenomegaly E 17. Select hematological data that is NOT characteristic for measles: A. Leukopenia B. Neutropenia C. Lymphocytosis D. Atypical lymphomonocites E. Normal ESR D 18. Choose the symptom that will NOT be present during the prodromal period of measles: A. Maculopapular exanthema B. Conjunctivitis C. Filatov-Koplik sign D. Gingivitis E. Cough A 19. Specify in which period of the measles occurs the Filatov-Koplik sign: A. The incubation period B. The prodromal period C. The eruptive period D. Period of early convalescence E. The period of late convalescence B 20. Indicate the disease that runs without fever: A. Adenovirus infection B. Parainfluenza  C. Pertussis D. Infection with respiratory syncytial virus E. Measles E Multiple choice 1. Indicate the indications for urgent hospitalization of children with signs of measles: A. Severe evolution of the disease B. Early complications C. Mitigated measles D. Favorable evolution E. Unfavorable patient history ABE 2. Indicate the peculiarities of measles in infants: A. Slight catarrhal signs B. Filatov-Koplik sign in all cases C. Non-abundant maculopapular rash D. Frequent complications E. Pronounced pigmentation ACD 3. Choose common signs for measles and adenovirus infection: A. Stomatitis, gingivitis B. Fever C. Pronounced respiratory catarrh D. Conjunctivitis E. Abundant maculopapular rash BCD 4. Select the early complications of measles in children: A. Stomatitis B. Pneumonia C. Stenosing laryngotracheitis ("false" croup) D. Toxic nephrosis E. Acute pancreatitis ABC 5. Select clinical signs of measles, severe form in children: A. Vesicular rash B. Pronounced dyspnea C. Hyperthermia D. Hemmorhagic rash E. Hepatosplenomegaly BCD 6. Indicate the peculiarities of the pathognomonic enanthem (Filatov-Koplik sign) in measles: A. Appears in 2nd day of the disease and persists for 1-2 days B. Appears in 4th – 5th day of the disease and persists for 4-5 days C. Have a white and gray color D. It is the red on soft palate E. It appears on the mucous membrane of the cheeks, over the last molars ACE 7. Characterize the mitigated form in measles:  A. Major intoxication signs B. Slight/poor maculopapular rash C. Poor catarrhal signs D. Frequent complications E. Stable, durable immunity BCE 8. Indicate the clinical periods of measles: A. Prodromal (preeruptive) B. Eruptive C. Icteric period D. Spasmodic period E. Convalescence (pigmentation, desquamation) ABE 9. Specify in which infectious diseases the enanthema is present: A. Diphtheria B. Scarlet fever C. Measles D. Pertussis E. Chickenpox BCE 10. Indicate the common clinical signs for measles and influenza: A. Fever B. Exantema C. Rhinitis D. Lacunar tonsilitis E. Cough ACE 11. Choose the specific signs of conjunctivitis in measles: A. Appears in 3rd - 4th day of the disease B. Hyperemiated conjunctiva C. Eyelid edema D. Photophobia, lacrimation E. Fibrinous membranes on the conjunctiva BCD 12. Select the antibiotic indications in measles: A. Mitigated measles B. Favorable evolution C. Bacterial complications D. Pneumonia E. Small age (under 2 years) CDE 13. Indicate clinical manifestations during the eruptive period of measles: A. Fever B. Pronounced catarrhal signs C. Confluent maculopapular rash D. Hepatosplenomegaly E. Generalized lymphadenopathy ABC 14. Characterize the measles exanthema:  A. Macules, vesicules B. Abundant C. Confluent maculopapular D. No pigmentation E. With desquamation BCE 15. Indicate the common signs of measles and allergic rashes: A. Fever B. Maculopapular rash (frequent) C. Respiratory signs D. Stomatitis, gingivitis E. Polyadenopathy ABD 16. Describe prodromal period (invasion) in measles: A Moderate fever B. Maculopapular rash on the face, neck C. Dry cough D. Rhinitis E. Hepatomegaly ACD 17. Specify the apparition terms of encephalitis in measles: A. During preeruptive period B. After 2-5 days of the rash appearance C. During the incubation period D. During pigmentation period E. In the 3rd- 4th week of convalescence period ABD 18. Select paraclinical tests to confirm the diagnosis of measles: A. Isolation of measles virus in blood B. Identification of measles antigen in tissues C. A complete blood count D. Immunofluorescence E. Detection of the specific antibodies, IgM class by immuno-enzymatic assay ABE 19. Select the categories of children were measles will develop with atypical forms: A. Aged between 15-18 years B. Who received immunoglobulin during the incubation period C. Infants D. Who received blood, plasma transfusion during the incubation period E. Immunocompromised children BCD 20. Indicate the changes that occur in measles during the convalescence period: A. Skin pigmentation B. Hepatomegaly C. Desquamation D. Intestinal dismicrobism E. Immunosuppression status ACE 21. Select the maladies that are encountered by the furfuraceous desquamation on the skin: A. Rubella B. Chickenpox C. Measles D. Scarlet fever E. Allergic rash CDE 22. Select the complications caused by the measles virus: A.Purulent otitis B. Purulent meningitis C. Early croup sindrome D. Interstitial pneumonia E. Encephalitis CDE 23. Choose measles exanthema distinctive features: A. Appears in the 1st-2nd day of the disease B. Abundant maculas, papulas C. Appears gradually, during 3 days D. Pigmentation E. Localized more in the flexor parts of the body, in folds BCD 24. Indicate the specific complications of the measles: A. Laryngotracheitis B. Pneumonia C. Glomerulonephritis D. Erysipelas E. Meningoencephalitis ABE 25. Specify the peculiarities of evolution of measles in infants: A. Pronounced catarrhal period B. Abundant, confluent maculopapular rash C. Discreet and short-termed rash D. The absence of Filatov-Koplik sign E. Frequent complications CDE 26. Select the manifestations of the respiratory catarrh in measles, the typical form: A. Laryngitis (laryngotracheitis), sometimes stenosing B. Rhinitis with serous abundant nasal secretions C. Productive cough, sometimes painful, barking D. Poor catarrhal signs E. Deposits on the tonsils ABC 27. Indicate infectious diseases where meningoencephalitis is a real complication: A. Measles B. Rubella C. Scarlet fever D. Diphtheria E. Chickenpox ABE 28. Indicate the particularities of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE):  A. Appears after 6 months -18 years after recovery B. Appears after 1 month from the onset of measles C. Favorable evolution D. Progressive and irreversible evolution E. High lethality ADE 29. Specify the location of the Filatov-Koplik sign in measles: A. Cheek skin B. Buccal mucosa C. Lower lip mucosa D. Caruncula lacrimalis E. Conjunctiva BCE 30. Mark diseases where bronchopneumonia is a real complication: A. Measles B. Rubella C. Scarlet fever D. Pertussis E. Influenza ADE 31. Indicate the entrance gate of the measles virus: A. Nasal mucosa B. Pharyngeal mucosa C. Gastrointestinal mucosa D. Conjunctiva E. Damaged skin ABD 32. Select infectious diseases where hemmorhagic rash may occur: A. Measles B. Rubella C. Scarlet fever D. Mumps E. Meningococcal infection ACE 33. Specify the characters of measles rash in young children: A. Miliar B. Roseola-like rash C. Pruriginous D. Hemmorhagic star-like rash with center necrosis E. Discreet maculopapular rash ABE 34. Select specific respiratory complications in measles: A. Interstitial pneumonia B. Hecht's giant cell pneumonia C. Emphysema D. Pulmonary atelectasis E. Capillary bronchitis (bronchiolar enantema) ABE  MENINGOCOCCAL INFECTION Single choice 1. Indicate the elective drug in the treatment of febrile seizures in children: A. Diazepam B. Prednisolone C. Paracetamol D. Dimedrol E. Hydrocortisone A 2. Indicate the most common sequelae of meningococcal infection in children: A. Hydrocephaly B. Epileptiform seizures C. Intracranial hypertension D. Psychomotor retardation E. Paresis, spastic paralysis C 3. Indicate the suspect clinical sign for meningitis in infants: A. Fever B. Repeated vomiting C. Neck stiffness D. Refusing feed E. Diarrhea C 4. Indicate the investigation that confirms the etiological diagnosis of generalized meningococcal infection: A. Cultures of CSF B. urine culture C. Nasopharyngeal cultures D. CBC E. General analysis of cerebrospinal fluid A 5. Indicate the initial location of the rash in meningococcal infection: A. Thorax B. Face C. Buttocks and legs D. Oral mucosa E. Sclera C 6. Select the characteristic rash for meningococcemia: A. Hemorrhagic, star like rash B. Vesicles C. Crusts D. Confluent macules and papules E. Roseola A 7. Indicate the difference between meningococcal rhinopharyngitis and viral rhinopharyngitis in children: A. Fever B. Nasal obstruction  C. Cough D. Leukocytosis E. Leukopenia D 8. Specify what confirms the diagnosis of meningococcal rhinopharyngitis in children: A. Clinical signs B. Changes in blood count C. Isolation of meningococcal bacteria in rhinopharynx D. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid E. Rhinoscopy C 9. Specify which drugs will usually include pre-hospital emergency care in meningococcal infection with toxic-infectious shock in children A. Antipyretics B. Anticonvulsants C. Corticosteroids D. Diuretics E. I/V infusions C 10. Indicate the frequent clinical form of meningococcal infection in young children: A. Meningitis, meningoencephalitis B. Meningococcemia C. Meningitis and meningococcemia D. Polyradiculoneuropathy E. Pneumonia C 11. Specify based on which data the diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis in infants can be confirmed: A. Presence of positive meningeal signs B. Bulging fontanella C. Positive Lesage Symptom D. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid E. Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid and the isolation of Neisseria meningitidis from the cerebrospinal fluid E 12. Specify what bacterioscopically represents meningococcus: A. Gram-positive diplococcus with extracellular location B. Gram-negative diplococcus situated intra- and extracellular C. Encapsulated gram-positive diplococcus D. Gram-negative bacillus E. Gram-positive bacillus B 13. Indicate the recommended antibiotic in meningococcal infection with toxic-infectious shock in children at pre-hospital stage: A. Ceftazidime B. Chloramphenicol C. Amoxicillin D. Ofloxacin E. Tobramycin  B 14. Indicate the most common heart disorder in meningococcal infection in children: A. Prolapse of the mitral valve B. Myocarditis C. Endocarditis D. Pericarditis E. Conductivity disorders B 15. Indicate the age when meningococcal infection occurs most frequently: A. Infants B. Newborns C. Toddlers (1-3 years) D. Adolescents (14-18 years) E. Small schoolchildren (7 / 8-10 / 11 years) A 16. Specify the type of inflammation of the meninges in meningococcal meningitis in infants: A. Erythematous B. Fibrinous C. Purulent D. Croupous E. Ulceronecrotic C 17. Choose the most representative meningian sign in meningococcal meningitis in infants A. Kernig B. Brudzinski C. Lesage D. Neck stiffness E. Babinski D 18. Note the clinical syndrome present in children with meningococcal infection due to which they CAN NOT be transported: A. Toxic shock syndrome, I degree B. Acute cerebral edema, II, III degree C. Meningococcemia D. Meningitis and meningococcemia E. Meningococcemia and arthropathy B 19. Indicate the affection recorded in the meningococcal infection in infants, unlike older children and adults, who require urgent assistance: A. Acute cerebral edema B. Ventricular collapse (acute cerebral hypotension) C. Toxic-infectious shock D. Cardiorespiratory insufficiency E. Acute renal failure B 20. Specify after which meningitis in children occurs sensory deafness: A. H. influenza B. With Pneumococcus C. With Staphylococcus  D. With Meningococcus E. With Gram-negative bacillus B 21. Select the investigation to be performed in case of suspected meningitis in children: A. EEG B. Computed tomography (CT) C. Lumbar Puncture D. Cranial X-ray E. Electrocardiogram C Multiple choice 1. Indicate the clinical features of meningococcal infection in infants: A. The acute onset with agitation, fever and repeated vomiting B. Frequent pneumonia C. Dissociated meningeal signs D. Bulging anterior fontanelle E. Lesage positive sign ACE 2. Select generalized clinical forms of meningococcal infection in children: A. Septicopyemia B. Meningitis C. Meningococcemia D. Pneumonia E. Meningitis and meningococcemia BCE 3. Select complications of meningococcal infection in children: A. Acute cerebral edema B. Suppurate lymphadenopathy C. Toxic-infectious shock D. Peritonsillitis E. Acute renal failure ACE 4. Choose the cases where the meningeal position in meningococcal meningitis occurs most frequently: A. In infants B. In older children C. 1st -2nd day of the disease D. In case of delayed antibiotic therapy E. In the presence of encephalitis BCD 5. Mark the cases in which the meningococcal infection in infants will evolve unfavorably A. Fulminant form of the disease B. Acute cerebral edema C. Pneumonia D. Meningoencephalitis E. Nasopharyngitis ABD 6. Choose diseases for meningococcemia differentiation: A. Measles  B. Rubella C. Septicemia D. Chickenpox E. Herpes zoster ABC 7. Indicate the clinical forms of meningococcemia in children: A. Moderate B. Severe C. Fulminant D. Chronic and recurrent E. Persistent ABC 8. Specify the skin rash at the onset of meningococcemia in infants: A. Macules B. Papules C. Vesicles D. Roseola E. Petechiae ABD 9. Indicate medications to combat acute cerebral edema in meningococcal infection in children: A. Corticosteroids B. Antibiotics C. Diuretics D. Antivirals E. Anti-parasite drugs ABC 10. Mark the suspected clinical signs of meningitis in infants: A. Absence of fever B. Vomiting and liquid stools without pathological adding C. Psychomotor agitation D. Encephalic scream E. Refusing feeds ACD 11. Specify the character of eruption in meningococcal infection in young children: A. Macules B. Roseola C. Vesicles D. Hemorrhagic rash with central necrosis E. Pustules ABD 12. Choose complications that are possible in young children with meningococcal meningitis (meningoencephalitis) treated late: A. Hydrocephaly B. Pyocephalus C. Paresis, paralysis D. Pyelonephritis E. Pyoderma ABC 13. Choose the type of rash that occurs in meningococcal infection in infants:  A. Macules B. Papules C. Pustules D. Punctiform roseola on the hyperemic background of the skin E. Hemorrhagic rash with central necrosis ABE 14. Select suspicious signs of meningitis in newborns: A. Seizures B. Eye capping C. Muscular hypertonia D. Hepatosplenomegaly E. Bulging of anterior fontanelle ABE 15. Determine the microscopic features of meningococcus, unlike pneumococcus: A. Gram-negative B. Gram-positive C. Situated intra-and extracellular D. Non-capsulate E. Capsulate ACD 16. Select the antibiotics to which Neisseria meningitidis is sensitive: A. Penicillin B. Tetracycline C. Erythromycin D. Chloramphenicol E. Ceftriaxone ADE 17. Specify situations where the child is not allowed to be transported to the hospital with generalized meningococcal infection without being given urgent assistance at the pre-hospital stage: A. Acute cerebral edema B. Seizures C. Toxic-infectious shock D. Meningitis E. Meningococcemia ABC 18. Mark the signs that occur in the onset of generalized meningococcal infection in infants: A. Fever B. Respiratory catarrh C. Repeated vomiting, diarrhea D. Positive meningeal signs E. Constipation ABC 19. Mark possible associations of meningococcal meningitis in young children: A. Encephalitis B. Ependimatitis C. Pyelonephritis D. Meningococcemia E. Otitis  ABD 20. Mark the rash types that are NOT characteristic of meningococcemia in children: A. Hemorrhagic rash B. Petechiae C. Erythema nodosum D. Vesicles E. Pustules CDE 21. Specify the particularities of rash in meningococcemia in children: A. Confluent Macules and papules B. Punctiform roseola on the hyperemic background of the skin C. Hemorrhagic star-like eruptions with central necrosis D. Situated on the legs and thighs E. Hemorrhagic without central necrosis CDE 22. Specify how and when rash occurs in meningococcal infection in children: A. Simultaneously B. In stages (during 3 days) C. On the 1st -2nd days of the disease D. On the 4th day E. In severe forms it spreads rapidly on skin and mucosa ACE 23. Indicate meningococcal nervous system disorders in young children: A. Meningitis B. Subarachnoid hemorrhage C. Meningoencephalitis D. Ependimatitis E. Ischemic cerebral stroke ACD 24. Select pathogenic factors in meningococcal infection in children: A. Infectious B. Autoimmune C. Toxic D. Allergic E. Hereditary ACD 25. N